Model 2040

Ultrasonic Wind Sensor

User’s
Manual
Rev. J
User’s
Manual

Rev. H

All Weather Inc. • 1065 National Drive • Sacramento, CA 95834 • USA • 800.824.5873 • [Link]
Copyright © 2013–2020, All Weather, Inc.

All Rights Reserved. The information contained herein is proprietary and is provided solely for the
purpose of allowing customers to operate and/or service All Weather, Inc. manufactured equipment
and is not to be released, reproduced, or used for any other purpose without written permission of
All Weather, Inc.

Throughout this manual, trademarked names might be used. Rather than put a trademark (™)
symbol in every occurrence of a trademarked name, we state herein that we are using the names only
in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, and with no intention of
infringement. All Weather, Inc. and the All Weather, Inc. logo are trademarks of All Weather, Inc.

Disclaimer
The information and specifications described in this manual are subject to change without notice.

Latest Manual Version

For the latest version of this manual, see the Product Manuals page under Reference on our web site at
[Link]/.

All Weather, Inc.

1065 National Drive, Suite 1
Sacramento, CA 95834
Tel.: (916) 928-1000
Fax: (916) 928-1165

Contact Customer Service

 Phone support is available from 8:00am - 4:30pm PT, Monday through Friday. Call 916-928-
1000 and ask for “Service.”

 Online support is available by filling out a request at [Link]/support/online-support/

 E-mail your support request to support@[Link]

Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

Revision History

Revision Date Summary of Changes

H 2013 Aug 1 Updated specifications for Model 2040HH
J 2014 June 25 Added connectorized wind sensors
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD ................................................................................................................... 1
1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Models............................................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Accessories...................................................................................................................................... 1
2. FAST-TRACK SETUP ................................................................................................. 2
3. PRE-INSTALLATION .................................................................................................. 3
3.1 Installation Requirements................................................................................................................ 3
4. INSTALLATION ........................................................................................................... 4
4.1 Installation Guidelines .................................................................................................................... 4
4.2 Bench System Test .......................................................................................................................... 6
4.3 Cabling ............................................................................................................................................ 7
4.4 Connections ..................................................................................................................................... 8
4.4.1 Connecting to a PC with an RS-422 or RS-485 Input ........................................................ 10
4.4.2 Networking Units ............................................................................................................... 11
4.4.3 Connecting to a PCI Unit with RS-422 Input ..................................................................... 12
4.4.4 PCI Connector Pin and Cable Assignments ....................................................................... 13
4.4.5 RS-422 Network Out – 9 way Plug .................................................................................... 14
4.5 Power Supplies .............................................................................................................................. 14
4.6 Mechanical Installation ................................................................................................................. 15
4.6.1 Location.............................................................................................................................. 15
4.6.2 Orientation.......................................................................................................................... 15
4.6.3 Mounting Bracket ............................................................................................................... 15
4.6.4 Alignment ........................................................................................................................... 17
5. MESSAGE FORMATS & OPTIONS.......................................................................... 18
5.1 Wind Speed Format....................................................................................................................... 18
5.2 Output Formats ............................................................................................................................. 18
5.3 Networking.................................................................................................................................... 19
5.3.1 Proprietary Network ........................................................................................................... 19
5.4 Units .............................................................................................................................................. 20
5.5 Output Rate ................................................................................................................................... 20
5.6 Averaging Digital Data ................................................................................................................. 20
5.7 Heating .......................................................................................................................................... 20
5.7.1 45 Offset ........................................................................................................................... 20
5.8 ASCII Message Format (UV and Polar) ....................................................................................... 21
5.8.1 ASCII UV Format .............................................................................................................. 21
5.8.2 ASCII Polar Format ........................................................................................................... 22
5.8.3 ASCII Polled (UV and Polar) ............................................................................................. 23
5.9 NMEA Format .............................................................................................................................. 24
6. CONFIGURATION .................................................................................................... 25
6.1 Entering Configuration Mode ....................................................................................................... 25
6.2 Returning to Measurement Mode.................................................................................................. 25
6.3 Checking the Configuration .......................................................................................................... 26
6.4 Changing Settings ......................................................................................................................... 26
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

6.5 Output Formats ............................................................................................................................. 27

6.6 Unit Identifier ................................................................................................................................ 27
6.7 Units .............................................................................................................................................. 27
6.8 Output Rate ................................................................................................................................... 27
6.9 Averaging ...................................................................................................................................... 27
6.10 Options ........................................................................................................................................ 28
6.10.1 Heating (If fitted) ............................................................................................................. 28
6.10.2 NMEA .............................................................................................................................. 28
6.10.3 Vertical Output Padding ................................................................................................... 28
6.10.4 45 Offset ......................................................................................................................... 29
6.11 Communications Settings............................................................................................................ 30
6.11.1 Baud Rate ......................................................................................................................... 30
6.11.2 Duplex Mode .................................................................................................................... 30
6.11.3 Data and Parity Options ................................................................................................... 30
6.11.4 ASCII Message Terminator.............................................................................................. 31
6.12 Configuration and Diagnostic Information ................................................................................. 31
6.13 Message Format (Output String Padding) ................................................................................... 31
6.14 New Unit Programming .............................................................................................................. 32
7. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING ................................................................ 33
7.1 Cleaning ........................................................................................................................................ 33
7.2 Servicing ....................................................................................................................................... 33
7.3 Maintenance .................................................................................................................................. 33
7.3.1 Monthly Maintenance......................................................................................................... 33
7.3.2 Triannual Maintenance ....................................................................................................... 33
7.3.3 Annual Maintenance........................................................................................................... 33
7.4 Troubleshooting ............................................................................................................................ 34
7.5 Returning Unit............................................................................................................................... 34
7.6 Status (Error) Codes ...................................................................................................................... 35
7.7 Bench Test..................................................................................................................................... 36
7.7.1 Zero Wind Chamber ........................................................................................................... 36
7.7.2 Integrity & Zero Wind Check ............................................................................................ 37
8. SPECIFICATIONS .................................................................................................... 38
9. WARRANTY .............................................................................................................. 41
APPENDIX A — GLOSSARY & ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................... 42
APPENDIX B — PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION ............................................................ 44
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

FOREWORD
Thank you for purchasing the Model 2040 manufactured for All Weather, Inc.
The unit has no customer-serviceable parts and requires no calibration or maintenance.
To achieve optimum performance we recommend that you read the whole of this manual before
proceeding with use. Do NOT remove black “rubber” transducer caps.
AWI products are in continuous development and therefore specifications may be subject to
change and design improvements without prior notice.
The information contained in this manual remains the property of All Weather, Inc. and should
not be copied or reproduced for commercial gain.
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

1. INTRODUCTION
The AWI series of Model 2040 wind sensors is very robust and lightweight with no moving
parts, outputting wind speed and direction. The units of wind speed, output rate and formats are
all user selectable.
The Model 2040 wind sensors are available with or without de-icing heating (recommended if
icing is likely).
The Model 2040 wind sensors can be used in conjunction with a PC, datalogger or other device,
provided it is compatible with the RS-422 output. Multiple units can be networked if required.
The output message format can be configured in Polar, UV (2-axis), and NMEA (0183 Version 3)
formats, and as either a Continuous output or Polled (requested by host system), detailed in full
in Chapter 5, Message Formats & Options.
The Model 2040 wind sensors may be configured using standard communications software on a
PC. This is explained in Chapter 6, Configuration.

1.1 MODELS
The following models are available. Select a cable from Section 1.2 to use with the Ultrasonic
Wind Sensors that have a connector only for a separate cable; see Section 4.3 for more infor-
mation about custom cable lengths.

Part Number
Description 10 m cable Connector for
attached separate cable

Ultrasonic Wind Sensor 2040 2040C

Heated Ultrasonic Wind Sensor 2040H 2040HC
Ultrasonic Wind Sensor with High Heat 2040HH 2040HHC

1.2 ACCESSORIES
The following accessories are available for the Model 2040 series of Ultrasonic Wind Sensors.

Part Number Description

M105548-00 Zero Wind Chamber
M488270-01 Corrosion-Resistant Mounting Kit
M488302-00 Mounting Bracket for Pole Mounting
M493080-00 30 m (100 ft) cable for wind sensors with connectors
M493104-00 20 m (70 ft) cable for wind sensors with connectors
M493081-00 10 m (35 ft) cable for wind sensors with connectors

1
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

2. FAST-TRACK SETUP
If you are in a hurry to try out the Model 2040, are familiar with AWI equipment, and coupling
to a PC using RS-422, go to the following chapters.
Chapter 4 Installation
Chapter 5 Message Formats & Options
Chapter 6 Configuration
After you have successfully set up the ultrasonic wind sensor, we strongly advise that you then
go back and read the rest of the manual to ensure that you get the best results from the ultrasonic
wind sensor.

2
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

3. PRE-INSTALLATION
3.1 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS
Host system — One of the following:
 PC with an internal or external interface compatible with the RS-422 output from the
Model 2040.
 Other equipment with I/O compatibility to the Model 2040 option selected.
For example, if the unit has a Data Logger, Chart Recorder, or PC fitted with an ADC
card.
 Networking - Multiple Model 2040 units can be networked
Software — One of the following:
 Hyperterminal (for Windows® 9x and later), or Terminal (Windows® 3.n), normally
already installed on a PC.
 Other Terminal Emulation software packages.
Cable and Junction Box

A cable is used to connect the ultrasonic wind sensor and the host system. A mast-mounted
junction box (not provided) is required for onward connection.
See Section 4.4 for connection details.
The cable from sensors without a connector must be retained with a cable tie within 150 mm of
the base of the ultrasonic wind sensor.
Mounting Bracket

A mounting bracket (not provided) is required to attach to the ultrasonic wind sensor via the four
tapped holes in the base of the unit. Always ensure that the gasket supplied is fitted to the base of
the ultrasonic wind sensor.
It is important that the gasket supplied forms a water-tight seal on the base of the ultrasonic wind
sensor.
In the event that the mounting bracket supplied by the customer is not flat or does not form
complete support for the ultrasonic wind sensor base, the customer must fit a mounting ring as
shown in Figure 2.
See Section 4.6 for mounting details.

3
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

4. INSTALLATION
Do NOT remove the black “rubber” transducer caps. The warranty is
voided if the blue security seal is damaged or removed.
All the time the ultrasonic wind sensor is not in its final location, it should
be protected from damage by keeping it in the original packaging as long
as possible, treating it as a delicate instrument. Take care not to knock the
four transducer arms.

4.1 INSTALLATION GUIDELINES

The ultrasonic wind sensor has been designed to meet and exceed the stringent standards listed in
its specification. Operating in diverse environments all over the world, the ultrasonic wind sensor
requires no calibration or adjustment whatsoever.
As with any sophisticated electronics, good engineering practice should be followed to ensure
correct operation.
 Always check the installation to ensure the ultrasonic wind sensor is not affected by other
equipment operating locally, which may not conform to current standards, e.g. radio/radar
transmitters, boat engines, generators etc.
Guidelines —
 Avoid mounting in the plane of any radar scanner — a vertical separation of at
least 2 m should be achieved.
 Radio transmitting antennas, the following minimum separations (all round) are
suggested
 VHF IMM – 1 m
 MF/HF – 5 m
 Satcom – 5 m (avoid likely lines of sight)
 Ensure the product is correctly grounded in accordance with this manual
 Use cables recommended by AWI, keeping the length below the maximum allowed (see
Section 4.3) Where the cables are cut and re-connected (junction boxes, plugs and
sockets) the cable screen integrity must be maintained, to prevent the EMC performance
being compromised.
 Ground loops should not be created – ground the system in accordance with the
installation guidelines. (see Section 4.4)
 Ensure the power supply operates to the specifications at all times.

4
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

Avoid turbulence caused by surrounding structures that will affect the accuracy of the ultrasonic
wind sensor such as trees, masts and buildings. The World Meteorological Organisation makes
the following recommendation:
 The standard exposure of wind instruments over level open terrain is 10 m above the
ground. Open terrain is defined as an area where the distance between the sensor and any
obstruction is at least 10 times the height of the obstruction.
When installing the wind sensor, degrease the unit and hold it using lint-free gloves to reduce the
buildup of deposits.

5
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

4.2 BENCH SYSTEM TEST

Note: Prior to physically mounting the ultrasonic wind sensor in its final location, we strongly
recommend that a bench system test is carried out to confirm the system is configured correctly,
is fully functional and electrically compatible with the selected host system and cabling
(preferably using the final cable length). The required data format, units, output rate, and other
options should also all be configured at this stage. If a Zero Wind Chamber has been purchased,
refer to Section 7.7.

6
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

4.3 CABLING
Cable Type

An RS-422 compatible cable should be used, with the number of twisted pairs matching the
application.
Generic Description – Twisted pairs with drain wire, screened with aluminized tape,
with an overall PVC sheath. Wire size 7/0.2 mm (24 AWG)
The table shows some suitable manufacturers’ references; other manufacture’s equivalents can
be used.
Table 1. Cable Options

Batt Electronics
No. of Pairs Belden Ref.
Ref.
2 9729 —
3 9730 91030
4 9728 91199
9 8774 91009

All Weather, Inc. offers three common cable lengths for the connectorized cable (see
Section 1.2).
Maximum Cable Length

The typical maximum length at 9600 baud is 1 km (3200 ft), using the recommended cable. If
any problems of data corruption are experienced (due to, for example, a high local electrical
‘noise’ level), then a lower baud rate should be used. Alternatively, a thicker or higher
specification cable can be tried.
Cabling and Junction Box

The ultrasonic wind sensor is either fitted with a 10 m cable attached or with a separate
connectorized cable available in multiple lengths. Custom-length cables may also be used with
the connectorized cable option. The cable must be terminated in a suitable terminal box to IP66
or better, and fitted with glands to prevent moisture ingress.
The cable type from the terminal box to the host system must be as specified above. If any cable
is likely to be exposed to mechanical damage, it must be enclosed in a suitable conduit or cable
tray. The cable must be securely fixed with cable clamps or equivalent, such that the cable is not
under stress at the cable glands.
The gland area at the base of the ultrasonic wind sensor should not be directly exposed to
moisture, as whilst the gland is sealed when mated, the ultrasonic wind sensor is vented to air at
the base to avoid pressure build up. If an IP66 rating is essential or the unit is mounted other than
‘right way up’ use the gasket provided in the mounting kit.

7
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

4.4 CONNECTIONS
Important
Do NOT join any of the cores of the cable together. Joining cores could damage the unit
permanently. Any cores not used should be isolated.
Do NOT connect the unit’s 0 V, Heater or digital 0 V to the screen or ground.

Figure 1. Socket Pinout for Model 2040C/2040HC/2040HHC Wind Sensors

Figure 1 shows the pinout for the ultrasonic wind sensors with a connector, which has a socket
for a separate cable. The other ultrasonic wind sensor models have the cable wired directly to
them through a gland. The screens of each pair are joined together inside the sensor — these
should be joined to the cable screen(s) of any further cable run. Avoid long grounding loops.
Digital 0 V should be used in conjunction with RS-422 TX RX lines in order to improve noise
immunity. Each pair in the cable is labeled with its pair number.

8
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

Table 2. Cable Wiring Information

Connector
Conductor Color Designation
Socket Pin
P green RS-422_TXB (+)
Pair 1
C black RS-422_TXA (-)
U white RS-422_RXB (+)
Pair 2
V black RS-422_RXA (-)
R red Supply V+
Pair 3
D black Supply V-
M blue Digital 0v
Pair 4
N black Not used (isolate)
A yellow Heater+ * 2040H, 2040HC,
Pair 5
B black Heater– * 2040HH, 2040HHC
H brown Heater+ *
Pair 6 2040HH, 2040HHC
G black Heater– *
E orange Heater+ *
Pair 7 2040HH, 2040HHC
F black Heater– *
T† white Not used (isolate)
Pair 8
S† red Not used (isolate)
L† green Not used (isolate)
Pair 9
K† red Not used (isolate)
Screens Chassis ground
* May not be functional – used with wind sensors that have one or more heaters as listed.
† These pins and Pin J are not connected to wires on the M493080-00 and M493081-00
cables

Grounding

To ensure correct operation, and for maximum protection against lightning, the ultrasonic wind
sensor MUST be correctly grounded via its mountings. Inadequate grounding will degrade
sensor performance, particularly in the presence of radio frequency interference.
See Figure 2 Suggested Mounting Bracket and Grounding Arrangements
The unit MUST be connected to an appropriate grounding point with a minimum of 6 mm²
copper wire, via the M5 base screws. The cable screens must be joined with any cable screen
continuing from the unit’s cable via a junction box. The primary ground for the ultrasonic wind
sensor must be provided via the base screws and not via the cable screens.

9
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

4.4.1 Connecting to a PC with an RS-422 or RS-485 Input

The PC requires either an internal RS-422 interface card or an external RS-422/485 to RS-232
converter that will plug into the standard 9-way or 25-way RS-232 serial port of the PC or host
equipment.

Model 2040 Wind Sensor PC with RS-422

9- pair cable or RS-485 input
Signal Pair Cable - 3 or 4 Signal
names Color twisted pairs names
no
TXB (+) green RXB (+)
1 black
TXA (-) RXA (-)
RXB (+) white TXB (+)
RXA (-) 2 black TXA (-)
Digital 0 V 4 blue Signal Ground
Screen and
CONNECTED INTERNALLY drain wires
Ground (Earth)

DC Power
Supply V+ red +
3 supply 9-30 V
Supply V- black -
see Section 4.5

Heated power
Heater + * yellow +
5–7 supply
Heater - * black -
see Section 4.5
* If unit is fitted with a heater

Note that heater pair wires yellow, brown, and orange should be connected in parallel, as should
the three return black wires. The number of heater wire combinations depends on the exact
Model 2040 model number.

10
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

4.4.2 Networking Units

Before coupling units into a network:
 Each device must be configured with a unique Unit Identifier (letter B to Z)
 It must be configured to a tri-state polled mode M3 or M4 .
See Chapter 6 - Configuring

Model 2040 Wind Sensor PC with RS-485

9-pair cable card
Signal Pair Cable - 2 or 3 Signal
names Color twisted pairs names
no
TXB (+)
RXB (+)
1
2
green
white
black
.. .. T / RXB (+)

TXA (-) 1
RXA (-)
Digital OV
2
4
black
blue .
Screen and
T / RXA (-)

Signal Ground

CONNECTED INTERNALLY drain wires

Ground (Earth)

DC Power
Supply V+ red +
3 supply 9-30V
Supply V- black -
see Section 4.5

Heated power
Heater + yellow +
5–7 supply
Heater - black -
see Section 4.5

To Next Unit

Note that heater pair wires yellow, brown, and orange should be connected in parallel, as should
the three return black wires. The number of heater wire combinations depends on the exact
Model 2040 model number.

Note: Each unit in the network will require its own power supplies. Please refer to Section 4.5.

11
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

4.4.3 Connecting to a PCI Unit with RS-422 Input

Model 2040 9-Pair Cable PCI 15 Way D-Type

Connector
Signal Names Cable Pair Color Pin Nos. Signal Names
TXB(+) Pair 1 Green 2 RXB(+)
TXA(–) Pair 1 Black 9 RXA(–)

RXB(+) Pair 2 White 3 TXB(+)

RXA(-) Pair 2 Black 10 TXA(-)

Signal Ground
Digital 0 V Pair 4 Blue 4

POWER V+ Pair 3 Red 5 POWER V+

POWER 0V Pair 3 Black 11 POWER 0 V

12
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

4.4.4 PCI Connector Pin and Cable Assignments

Sensor connector – 15 way

Pin Designation
1 Chassis
2 RS-422_RXB (+)
3 RS-422_TXB (+)
4 Digital 0 V, Signal ground
5 Supply V+
6 Analog output V1
7 Not used
8 Analog output V2
9 RS-422_RXA (-)
10 RS-422_TXA (-)
11 Supply V-
12 Analog output V4
13 Not used
14 Not used
15 Analog output V3

DC Supply – 4 way

Pin Designation
1 Interface V+
2 Interface V-
3 Sensor V-
4 Sensor V+

RS-232 Output – 9 way

Pin Designation
1 DCD
2 RX data
3 TX data
4 DTR
5 Signal Ground
6 DSR
7 RTS
8 CTS
9 RI

13
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

RS-422 Network In – 9 way Socket

Pin Designation
1 Not connected
2 Not connected
3 Not connected
4 RS-422_RXA (-)
5 Signal ground
6 RS-422_TXA (-)
7 RS-422_TXB (+)
8 RS-422_RXB (+)
9 Chassis
4.4.5 RS-422 Network Out – 9 way Plug

Pin Designation
1 Not connected
2 Not connected
3 Not connected
4 RS-422_RXA (-)
5 Signal ground
6 RS-422_TXA (-)
7 RS-422_TXB (+)
8 RS-422_RXB (+)
9 Chassis

4.5 POWER SUPPLIES

Sensor Power

Voltage 9 to 30 V DC
Current 60 mA max. 50 mA average
Heater

If included, the heating module requires a separate power supply.

Either
22 – 30 V DC @ 3 A (Model 2040H/2040HC) or 7 A (Model 2040HH/2040HHC)
or 24 V AC rms  10% @ 3 A AC rms or 7 A rms depending on model as above
NOTE: The AC Supply must be isolated from the Mains Supply

14
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

4.6 MECHANICAL INSTALLATION

Before installing, a bench system test is recommended (see Section 4.2).
All the time the ultrasonic wind sensor is not in its final location, it should be protected from
damage by keeping it in the original packaging as long as possible, treating it as a delicate
instrument.
4.6.1 Location
It is important to ensure that the ultrasonic wind sensor is mounted in a position clear of any
structure which may obstruct the airflow or induce turbulence.
Do NOT mount the ultrasonic wind sensor in close proximity of high-powered radar or radio
transmitters. A site survey may be required if there is any doubt about the strength of external
electrical noise. (See Section 4.1 )
4.6.2 Orientation
Normally the ultrasonic wind sensor is mounted vertically with the cable exit at the bottom.
Alternatively, the unit may be mounted in any orientation, but note that if the unit is mounted
with the cable uppermost, the gasket provided in the mounting kit must be used.
4.6.3 Mounting Bracket
A suggested mounting bracket is shown in Figure 2 below.
It is recommended that the mounting bracket is manufactured from 316 stainless steel to prevent
possible galvanic corrosion.
It is also recommended that the supplied gasket is always fitted to ensure IP66 rating and to
prevent galvanic corrosion if the mounting bracket is not manufactured from 316 stainless steel.
Fittings made from 316 stainless steel must be used.

15
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

Figure 2. Suggested Mounting Bracket and Grounding Arrangements

16
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

4.6.4 Alignment
The ultrasonic wind sensor should be set to point North (or to another known reference
direction), using the North Spar, which can be identified from the alignment indicator on the
base of the instrument. See Figure 3.
If the unit is used in a tunnel, (and the Tunnel format is used), the unit would normally be
aligned with the N – S axis in the horizontal plane.

Figure 3. North Marker and UV Polarity Definition (UV format) and Mounting Ring

17
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

5. MESSAGE FORMATS & OPTIONS

On first applying power, the ultrasonic wind sensor will be in ‘Measurement Mode’, and it will
output wind measurement information in one of nine configurations as described below.
Setting the output format, units, other parameters, options and the communication settings are all
carried out in the alternative ‘Configuration Mode’.
See Chapter 6, Configuration, for details of how this is done.
The factory default settings are shown here in bold, and for convenience some ‘Configuration
codes’ (as used to set the configuration) are shown in blue boxes, for example M3 .

5.1 WIND SPEED FORMAT

The wind speed measurements can be output in one of the following formats:
UV, Polar, NMEA, or Tunnel (Models 2040 and 2040H).

5.2 OUTPUT FORMATS

The UV and Polar wind speed parameters are output in either ASCII or binary.
These parameters can be transmitted continuously or polled from the user.
Polar is also available in continuous NMEA format.

Table 3. Output Formats

Output Format Output Tri-state O/P Configuration Code

Continuous No M1
ASCII UV
Polled Yes M3
Continuous No M2
ASCII Polar
Polled Yes M4
NMEA Continuous No M5

18
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

5.3 NETWORKING
5.3.1 Proprietary Network
Each ultrasonic wind sensor connected to the network MUST be given a unique Unit Identifier
(Letters A to Z), and set to a polled tri-state mode (UV or Polar) ( M3 or M4 ).
In these modes the communications transmit line is tri-state unless the wind sensor is responding
to a command. If used in a multi drop system then it is recommended that Unit Identifiers A, B,
C, D, E, F, K, M, N and P are not used.
Configuring Model 2040 for Half-Duplex Operation

1) Set up two terminals—one for RS-485 Half Duplex and the other for RS-422 Full
Duplex. One PC (with two USB ports) can be used for both terminals, although two may
be less confusing.
Note: Power must not be disconnected from the ultrasonic wind sensor throughout
this procedure.

a (2-wire)
HYPER-TERMINAL RS485 I/F
A (Half-D) (USB)

SWITCH WObsII

HYPER-TERMINAL RS422 I/F

B (Full-D) (USB)

b (4-wire)

2) Assuming the unit is set for Full Duplex, connect 9-way at [b] disconnect 9-way at [a].
Set Switch to position [b] (4 wire).
3) On Terminal B, enter CONFIGURATION MODE. Set Half Duplex (E2). The
CONFIRM> prompt will appear.
4) Disconnect 9-way [b] and connect 9-way [a]. Set Switch to position [a] (2 wire).
5) On Terminal A, type “E” <ENTER> to confirm.
6) The unit should now be configured in Half Duplex mode.
Configuring Model 2040 for Full-Duplex Operation

1) Assuming the unit is set for Half Duplex, disconnect 9-way [b] and connect 9-way [a].
Set Switch to position [a] (2 wire).
2) On Terminal A, type “E1” to select Full Duplex. The CONFIRM> prompt will appear.
3) Disconnect 9-way [a] and connect 9-way [b]. Set Switch to position [b] (4 wire).
4) On Terminal B type “E” <ENTER> to confirm.

19
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

5.4 UNITS
The wind speed can be set to any of the following units:

Unit Abbreviation
Metres per sec m/s
Knots knots
Miles per hour mph
Kilometers per hour km/h
feet per minute ft/min

5.5 OUTPUT RATE

The output frequency can be set between 1 and 4 per second. The wind speed is sampled every
25 ms, each axis being sampled sequentially. The following table lists the possible outputs per
second and the corresponding number of averaged samples. A 25 ms sample period is used to
process and output the results.

Outputs per Second Sample Average

1 39
2 19
4 9

5.6 AVERAGING DIGITAL DATA

The Averaging Period can be set from zero to 3600 seconds (1 hour). The default setting is zero.
When averaging is enabled, data is output at a rate determined by the averaging period. The data
is an average of valid data collected during the averaging period.

5.7 HEATING
Heating is autonomous and requires no set-up once activated.
Upon unit switch on if heating is enabled and heater power available then a 1 minute burst of
heating will occur to give confidence that the heating is functioning.

CAUTION
When heating is activated the bullet and transducer arms will get very hot
and should not be handled.

5.7.1 45 Offset

If required, the U axis can be offset +45 to the transducer axis.

20
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

5.8 ASCII MESSAGE FORMAT (UV AND POLAR)

5.8.1 ASCII UV Format

U axis wind speed V axis wind speed Units

<STX>A,+000.04,-000.02,M,+345.01,+022.36,00,<ETX>25

Start of Unit Speed of Temperature Status End of Check

string identification sound string sum

where
U axis wind speed In increments of 0.01 units ([Link])
V axis wind speed In increments of 0.01 units ([Link])

Value Units
Units M metres per second (m/s)
N knots (knots)
P miles per hour (MPH)
K kilometers per hour (km/h)
F feet per minute (ft/min)

Start of string ASCII value 2

Unit identification Letter A – Z (default A)
Speed of sound In metres per second (if enabled)
Temperature Sonic temperature in degrees C (if enabled)

Status Value Status

0 OK
60 HEATING ENABLED AND OK IF
ENABLED

Any other value Warning or fault condition

- see Section 7.6

End of string ASCII value 3

Check sum Exclusive OR of all characters between Start of String
and End of String reported as ASCII hex.

21
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

5.8.2 ASCII Polar Format

<STX>A,121,000.08,M,00,<ETX>06

Start of Unit Wind Wind Units Status End of Check

String Identification Direction Speed String Sum

where
Wind direction In degrees relative to N (DDD)
Wind speed In increments of 0.01 units ([Link])

Value Units
Units M metres per second (m/s)
N knots (knots)
P miles per hour (MPH)
K kilometers per hour (km/h)
F feet per minute (ft/min)

Start of String ASCII value 2

Unit Identification Letter A – Z (default A)

Status Value Status

0 OK
60 HEATING ENABLED AND OK IF
ENABLED

Any other value Warning or fault condition

- see Section 7.6

End of String ASCII value 3

Check Sum Exclusive OR of all characters between Start of String
and End of String reported as ASCII hex.

22
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

5.8.3 ASCII Polled (UV and Polar)

When in the Polled mode, an output is only generated when the host system sends a Poll signal
to the wind sensor consisting of the Unit Identifier – that is, the relevant letter A – Z.
The output formats are otherwise as described above.
The commands available in this mode are as follows.

Description Command Wind Sensor Response

Wind Sensor Unit Identifier A–Z Wind speed
Poll Mode Enabled ? None
Poll Mode Disabled ! None
Request Wind Sensor Unit Identifier & A – Z (as configured)
Enter Configuration Mode *<N> Configuration Mode

Where <N> is the unit identifier then it is recommended that IDs A to F and KMNP are not used
when the wind sensor is used in a multi-drop system as these characters can be present in the
data string.
It is suggested that the following sequence is used in the polled mode for every poll for
information.
? Ensures that the wind sensor is enabled to cover the event that a power down has
occurred.
A – Z Appropriate unit designator sent to retrieve a line of data.
! Sent to disable poll mode and reduce the possibility of erroneous poll generation.
When in polled mode, the system will respond to the data command within 30 ms with the last
valid data sample as calculated by the Output rate (P Mode Setting).
If the unit is powered down after use or upon switch-on, allow 3 seconds from switch-on before
sending poll commands.

23
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

5.9 NMEA FORMAT

Instrument Wind direction Wind speed Units

Identifier Checksum
delimiter

$ IIMWV, 120, R, 002.10, M, A* CC

Start of string Instrument Wind Status Check

type measurement sum

where

Wind direction In degrees relative to N (DDD)

Wind speed In increments of 0.01 units ([Link])

Units M metres per second (m/s)

N knots (knots)
P miles per hour (MPH)
K kilometers per hour (km/h)
F feet per minute (ft/min)

Start of string $
Instrument type IIMWV
Wind measurement R Relative wind measurement
Status A Valid measurement
V Invalid measurement
Check sum Exclusive OR of all characters between ‘$’ and ‘*’
reported as ASCII hex.

A typical Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor configuration suitable for NMEA would be:
B2, E1, F1, G0, K1, L1, M5, O1, P1, U1.
Consult specification NMEA 0183 version 3 (available on the web) [Link] for complete
interface details.

24
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

6. CONFIGURATION
Terminal emulator software such as Hyperterminal or Terminal is used to configure the Model
2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor.
The Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor connects to an RS-422 to RS-232 adapter in the DCP.
To perform the configuration described in this chapter, disconnect the serial DB-9 connector on
that adapter and hook your laptop serial port to the adapter instead. Reconnect the serial DB-9
connector on that adapter once the configuration has been completed.
This section describes the commands used to change settings when using terminal emulator
software. For a fuller description of the settings and options see Chapter 5.
Keystrokes are shown thus :- D 3 ENTER

6.1 ENTERING CONFIGURATION MODE

From Continuous mode From Polled mode

* * N - where N is the Unit Identifier.
Note - the Unit Identifier must be entered
as upper-case

The Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor responds with a CONFIGURATION MODE message,
stops reporting wind measurements, and waits for a command (as detailed below).

6.2 RETURNING TO MEASUREMENT MODE

Q ENTER

If in Continuous mode, the ultrasonic wind sensor responds with wind measurements
immediately, continuing at the selected Sampling rate.
If in Polled mode,
? Enables poll
N Polls ultrasonic wind sensor (where N is the Unit identifier entered as upper-case)
The ultrasonic wind sensor replies with a single set of wind measurements
& Ultrasonic wind sensor replies with Unit identifier
! Disables poll

Note: If the unit is in Polled Mode it is always best to interrogate the unit for data with a ?
before the poll identifier to cater for the event that the power has been switched off or power
interrupted.

25
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

6.3 CHECKING THE CONFIGURATION

Use the D3 command prior to and after changing any settings. It shows the current settings for all
the alterable settings. Note down these settings for future reference.

* Enters Configuration Mode (from Continuous mode)

or *N Enters Configuration Mode (from Polled mode)
D 3 ENTER The Model 2040 responds with the current settings.
The factory default settings for a heated unit are
A0 B3 C1 E1 F1 G0000 H2 J1 K1 L1 M2 NA O2 P1 T1 U2 V1 X1 Y1 Z1
The following sections explain how to change these settings.
To return to Measurement mode Q ENTER

6.4 CHANGING SETTINGS

To change a setting, first go into Configuration mode and then refer to the sections below. Enter
the Configuration code of the new setting required, followed by ENTER .
If successful, the new setting will be echoed back as a message by the wind sensor.
For example, to change the message format to NMEA, enter M 5 ENTER .
The wind sensor will reply with M5. When the unit is returned to the Measurement mode, it
will be in NMEA format.
Note: The factory-set (default) settings are shown in bold in the following sections.

26
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

6.5 OUTPUT FORMATS

Output format Configuration Code
ASCII UV Continuous
M1
ASCII UV Polled (tri-state) *
M3
ASCII Polar Continuous
M2
ASCII Polar Polled(tri-state) *
M4
NMEA Continuous
M5

* If units are to be networked, they MUST be given unique Unit Identifiers

(see Section 6.6 Unit Identifier)
6.6 UNIT IDENTIFIER
NX Changes the Unit Identifier to ‘X’.
‘X’ can be any letter from A to Z.
Note that the default Unit Identifier A should not be used when networking units.

6.7 UNITS
metres/sec knots miles / hour kilometers/hou feet/minute
Units
(m/s) (knots) (MPH) r (km/h) (ft/min)
Configuration
U1 U2 U3 U4 U5
Code

6.8 OUTPUT RATE

Outputs per second 1 2 4 5 8 10
Configuration Code P1 P3 P2 P4 P5 P6

6.9 AVERAGING
Setting Configuration Code
Averaging (Default) G0000

Enter the required averaging period in seconds as a four-figure number between 0000 and 3600.

27
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

6.10 OPTIONS
6.10.1 Heating (If fitted)
Heating is autonomous and requires no set-up once activated.

Setting Configuration Code

Disabled H1
Activated H2
Activated H3

Each transducer is heated independently and will be active when the ambient temperature drops
below approximately +15ºC; each transducer will de-activate when +25ºC threshold is reached.
6.10.2 NMEA

Setting Configuration Code

NMEA string “IIMWV” K1
NMEA string “WIMWV” K2

6.10.3 Vertical Output Padding

Setting Configuration Code

Disable vertical output padding V1
Enable vertical output padding V2

28
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

6.10.4 45 Offset

Configuration
Setting Notes
Code
Align U axis with X1. Aligns U axis with North/South axis.
X1
transducer axis
Align U axis +45 X2. This re-aligns both U&V and polarity 45˚.
X2
to transducer axis
Reverses Polar X3 reverses reported polar direction to allow the
Direction X3 instrument to be mounted upside down. N.B. Does NOT
affect UV alignment (Mode 1, 3).
Align @ 45° from X4 set UV & polar alignment at 45 degrees from North
X4
North when instrument is mounted upside down.

Figure 4 shows the polarity of U and V if the wind components along the U and V axis are
blowing in the direction of the respective arrows.

-U
N

W E
-V +V
S

+U

Figure 4. UV Polarity

29
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

6.11 COMMUNICATIONS SETTINGS

6.11.1 Baud Rate

Setting Configuration Code

2400 B1
4800 B2
9600 B3
19200 B4
38400 B5
1200 B6
300 B7

If a request is sent to change the Baud rate, before it changes it must be

confirmed by entering B ENTER (at the new Baud rate.)
eg. If set to B3 (9600 baud), to change to B5 (38400 baud), enter
B 5 ENTER , change host terminal to 38400 baud, and confirm by
entering B ENTER .
NOTE: a random echo will be generated after the B5 confirmation

6.11.2 Duplex Mode

Setting Configuration code

Full duplex E1
Half duplex E2
Note: Refer also to Section 5.3.

6.11.3 Data and Parity Options

Setting Configuration Code

8 bits, no parity, 1 stop bit F1
8 bits, even parity, 1 stop bit F2
8 bits, odd parity, 1 stop bit F3
7 bits, no parity, 1 stop bit F4
7 bits, even parity, 1 stop bit F5
7 bits, odd parity, 1 stop bit F6

30
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

6.11.4 ASCII Message Terminator

Setting Configuration Code

CR LF L1
LF L2

6.12 CONFIGURATION AND DIAGNOSTIC INFORMATION

Each of these commands causes a response from the Model 2040.

Command
Item Typical Response
Code
Type and serial No. D1 E000694
Software version D2 2.07
current configuration :
Unit configuration D3
A0 B3 C1 E1 F1 G0000 H1 J1 K1
L1 M2 NA O1 P1 T1 U1 V1 X1 Y1
Z1
Ultrasonic wind
sensor power D5 +29.8
supply voltage
Integrity check D6

6.13 MESSAGE FORMAT (OUTPUT STRING PADDING)

Setting Configuration Code
Comma Separated Variable (CSV) O1
Fixed Field O2

Example data string for CSV data changing to error status code condition.
A,235,000.77,M,00, 0A
A,,,M,04, 24
Example data string for Fixed Field data changing to error status code condition.
A,266,000.73,M,00, 08
A,999,999.99,M,04, 0A

31
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

6.14 NEW UNIT PROGRAMMING

If you order a replacement sensor, it should arrive programmed for your system. In the event
your sensor loses its programming, follow the programming steps below to make the wind sensor
work correctly.
1. Set terminal communications to 9600/8/N/1.
2. Output should show on screen each second.
3. Press “*” then “ENTER” (puts sensor in CONFIGURATION MODE).
4. Press “H2” (if heated version) then “ENTER” to enable the heater.
5. Press “U2” then “ENTER” to put sensor into knots output.
6. Press “O2” then “ENTER” to enable fixed format output.
7. Press “Q” then “ENTER” to exit configuration mode.
8. Sensor should now be outputting to the screen each second.

32
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

7. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING

7.1 CLEANING
If there is any buildup of deposit on the unit, it should be gently cleaned with a cloth, moistened
with soft detergent. Solvents should not be used, and care should be taken to avoid scratching
any surfaces. The unit must be allowed to defrost naturally after being exposed to snow or icy
conditions, do NOT attempt to remove ice or snow with a tool.
Do NOT remove black “rubber” transducer caps.

7.2 SERVICING
There are no moving parts or user-serviceable parts requiring routine maintenance.
Opening the unit or breaking the security seal will void the warranty and the calibration.
In the event of failure, prior to returning the unit to AWI, it is recommended that :
 All cables and connectors are checked for continuity, bad contacts, corrosion etc.
 A bench test is carried out as described in Section 7.7.
 You contact AWI for advice

7.3 MAINTENANCE
7.3.1 Monthly Maintenance
No monthly maintenance is required with this sensor.
7.3.2 Triannual Maintenance
During triannual maintenance:
 Check that the wind values being output are reasonable
 Verify that no errors are displayed at the DCP
7.3.3 Annual Maintenance
During annual maintenance, perform a Field Zero Wind Check as described below. The Zero
Wind Chamber consists of a split shell that opens into two halves placed around the wind sensor.
1. Insert the flat piece that is provided with the Zero Wind Chamber into one of the two
Wind Chamber halves are that are placed around the Model 2040 wind sensor.
2. Place two halves of the Zero Wind Chamber around the Model 2040 wind sensor. Secure
the chamber is in place with the strips provided.
3. View the wind speed value displayed at the DCP. The value must not exceed 0 knots. If
the wind speed displayed exceeds 0 knots, contact All Weather, Inc.

33
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

7.4 TROUBLESHOOTING
Symptom Solution
Check DC power to Model 2040, cable and connections.
Check comms settings of Model 2040 (as detailed in Chapter 6)
and host system match, including correct Com port
No output Check unit is in Continuous mode
Check that in-line communication devices are wired correctly.
NOTE: It is usual for TX + to be connected to converter device
RX +
Check comms settings of Model 2040 and host system match.
Corrupted output Try a slower baud rate.
Check cable lengths and type of cable.
One way Check wiring is in accordance with the manual.
communication
Failed / Incorrect Check that transducer path is not blocked
Model 2040
output, data
invalid flag

7.5 RETURNING UNIT

If the unit has to be returned, it should be carefully packed in the original packaging and returned
to AWI with a full description of the fault condition.

34
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

7.6 STATUS (ERROR) CODES

The Status code is sent as part of each wind measurement message.

Code Status Condition

00 OK Sufficient samples in average period
OK and heating
60 Sufficient samples in average period
enabled
A OK NMEA data valid
01 Axis 1 failed Insufficient samples in average period on U axis
02 Axis 2 failed Insufficient samples in average period on V axis
04 Axis 1 and 2 failed Insufficient samples in average period on both axes
08 NVM error NVM checksum failed
09 ROM error ROM checksum failed
10 System gain at max. Inaccurate results likely
50 Marginal system gain Results OK, but marginal operation
51 Measurement average building
62 Heating current tripped or electronic failure
63 Thermistor open circuit
65 Heating element open circuit
V NMEA data invalid

35
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

7.7 BENCH TEST

Couple the Model 2040 to the host system and power supply, using a known working test cable.
Check that the unit is correctly configured by going into Configuration mode and using D3 See
Section 6.3 Checking the configuration.
Check for normal output data, and that the Status Code is OK – 00, 60 or A (for NMEA format).
If the status code is other than these, refer to Section 7.6 Status (error) codes.
Use an office fan or similar to check that the unit is sensing wind, turning the unit to simulate
changing wind direction and to check that both axes are functioning.
Note that this is a quick functional test. There are no calibration adjustments; the unit is designed
NOT to require re-calibration within its lifetime. AWI has provided and Integrity Check, see next
page for details.
7.7.1 Zero Wind Chamber
The software to perform the Integrity Check (IC) is incorporated into the Model 2040 wind
sensors.
The IC is designed to:
1. Identify any gross changes in the head geometry that would affect performance.
2. Provide a zero wind environment to confirm the Model 2040 zero wind speed calibration.
The Integrity Check is done indoors with an ambient temperature between 10°C and 28°C. When
conducting the test, it is important that the Zero Wind Chamber is assembled on to the Model
2040 head and is neither touched nor moved during the test.
This test is only valid if undertaken with a Zero Wind Chamber purchased from AWI.

36
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

7.7.2 Integrity & Zero Wind Check

Zero Wind Check

Configure your PC to run HyperTerminal and assemble the Zero Wind Chamber by inserting the
reflector cases and the two halves of the Zero Wind Chamber onto the Model 2040. The Zero
Wind Chamber must be retained using the strips provided. Then:
1. Ensure that the Model 2040 wind sensor is set in factory default mode. For Factory
default settings see Section 6.3.
2. Enter Measurement Mode and Record/View data
Integrity Check

Ensure the Zero Wind Chamber is assembled correctly on the Model 2040. Using
HyperTerminal, enter Configuration Mode as described in Section 6.1.
Enter D6.
A typical report as shown below will be displayed.
ALIGNMENT LIMITS: U=2417,2517
V=2369,2469
ALIGNMENT U:2467 *PASS*
ALIGNMENT V:2419 *PASS*
GAIN 0:0007 *PASS*
GAIN 1: 0007 *PASS*
GAIN 2:0008 *PASS*
GAIN 3:0008 *PASS*
D6

If there has been no significant changes to the head configuration, then *PASS* will confirm
correct operation.
Alterations to the head geometry will result in a *FAIL* message. If this occurs, please contact
All Weather, Inc.

37
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

8. SPECIFICATIONS
Specification
Parameter Model 2040 Model 2040H Model 2040HH
Model 2040C Model 2040HC Model 2040HHC
Wind Speed
Range 0–65 m/s (0–145 mph) 0–70 m/s (0–156 mph)
Accuracy ±2% @ 12 m/s
Resolution 0.01 m/s
Offset ±0.01 m/s
Direction
Range 0 – 360°
Accuracy ±2°
Resolution 0.01°
Offset ± 0.01 m/s
Dead Band Wind Direction None
Measurement
Output 1 Hz, 4 Hz, 10 Hz 1–4 Hz
Parameters UV, Polar, NMEA, Tunnel UV, Polar, NMEA
Units m/s, knots, mph, km/h, ft/min
Averaging Flexible 1-3600 seconds
Serial Data
Serial Output RS-422/RS-485, full duplex/half duplex
Baud Rates 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400 bps
Serial Port Parameter Setting 8 data bits, odd, even or no parity
Sensor Status Included as part of standard message
Optional Analog Outputs
Parameters Speed, Direction, Status
Scale Multiples of ±10 m/s up to ±70 m/s
Types ±2.5 V, 0–5 V or 4–20 mA
V output Resistance 60 
4–20 mA Loading 10–300 

38
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

Specification
Parameter Model 2040 Model 2040H Model 2040HH
Model 2040C Model 2040HC Model 2040HHC
Power Requirements
9–30 V DC
9–30 V DC
Sensor Only (60 mA max, 50 mA
(40 mA @ 12 V DC)
average @ 12 V DC)
Heating — 3 A @ 24 V AC or DC 7 A @ 24 V AC or DC
Environmental
Operating Temperature -55°C to +70°C
Moisture Protection IP66 (NEMA4X)
Relative Humidity 0–100%, noncondensing
Precipitation 300 mm/h
Icing MILSTD810F Method 521.1 Procedure 1
Mechanical
External Construction 316 Stainless Steel
2040. 2040H,
405 × 210 mm 405 × 210 mm 381 × 213 mm
2040HH
Dimensions
2040C. 2040HC,
477 × 213 mm
2040HHC
2040. 2040H,
1.5 kg (without cable) 1.4 kg (without cable)
2040HH
Weight
2040C. 2040HC,
2.4 kg
2040HHC
2040. 2040H,
3.3 kg (with cable) 5 kg (with cable)
Shipping 2040HH
Weight 2040C. 2040HC,
3.2 kg (without cable)
2040HHC
EMC
EN 61326-1:2006, EN 55011:2007 (Traceable to NAMAS standards)
Site Calibration
None required. (See Section 7.7 Zero Wind Check)

39
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

Figure 5. Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor Outline Dimensions

40
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

9. WARRANTY
Note: The warranty is void if the red security seal covering base nuts is damaged or broken, or
the transducer caps have been damaged.
Unless specified otherwise, All Weather Inc. (the Company) warrants its products to be free from
defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service for one year from date of
installation or a maximum of two years from date of shipment, subject to the following
conditions:
a. The obligation of the Company under this warranty is limited to repairing or replacing items
or parts which have been returned to the Company and which upon examination are dis-
closed, to the Company’s satisfaction, to have been defective in material or workmanship at
time of manufacture.
b. The claimant shall pay the cost of shipping any part or instrument to the Company. If the
Company determines the part to be defective in material or workmanship, the Company
shall prepay the cost of shipping the repaired instrument to the claimant. Under no
circumstances will the Company reimburse claimant for cost incurred in removing and/or
reinstalling replacement parts.
c. This warranty shall not apply to any Company products which have been subjected to
misuse, negligence, or accident.
d. This warranty and the Company’s obligation thereunder is in lieu of all other warranties,
express or implied, including warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular
purpose, consequential damages, and all other obligations or liabilities.
No other person or organization is authorized to give any other warranty or to assume any
additional obligation on the Company's behalf, unless made in writing and signed by an
authorized officer of the Company.

41
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

APPENDIX A — GLOSSARY &

ABBREVIATIONS
Item Meaning
CAL Calibration
CR Carriage Return
CR LF Carriage Return Line Feed
CSV Comma Separated Variable
ENG Engineering
ESC ESCape key on keyboard used to stop any process that is being
executed
ETX End of string character
FAC Factory
ft/min Feet per minute
GND GrouND
HEX HEXadecimal
I/P InPut
IP66 Protection Classification
KPH Kilometers per Hour
LF Line Feed
m/s Metres per second
MAG MAGnitude - scalar reference to wind speed
MAX MAXimum
MPH Miles per Hour
NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association
NMEA 0183 National Marine Electronics Association standard for interfacing
(version 3) marine electronic navigational devices
No: Number
NVM Non-Volatile Memory
O/P Output
PC IBM compatible Personal Computer
PCB Printed Circuit Board
POR Power On Reset
PROCOMM Terminal emulator software package
ROM Read Only Memory
RS-232 Communications standard
RS-422 Communications standard

42
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

Item Meaning
RS-485 Communications standard
RTS Request to Send
S/W Software
SOS Speed Of Sound
SEC SECond
STX Start of string character
TERM TERMinal
TX Transmit
TXD Transmitted Data
+VE Positive
-VE Negative
WRT With Respect To

43
Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor User’s Manual

APPENDIX B — PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

The Model 2040 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor measures the times taken for an ultrasonic pulse of
sound to travel from the North transducer to the South transducer, and compares it with the time
for a pulse to travel from S to N transducer. Likewise times are compared between West and
East, and E and W transducer.
If, for example, a North wind is blowing, then the time taken for the pulse to travel from N to S
will be faster than from S to N, whereas the W to E, and E to W times will be the same. The
wind speed and direction (and the speed of sound) can then be calculated from the differences in
the times of flight on each axis. This calculation is independent of factors such as temperature.

44
All Weather Inc.
1065 National Drive, Suite 1
Sacramento, CA 95818
Fax: 916.928.1165 2040-001
Phone: 916.928.1000 Revision J
Toll Free: 800.824.5873 April, 2020
[Link]