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2021-2022 Mock Chemistry Exam Paper 2

The document is a mock examination paper for Chemistry, specifically Paper 2 for Secondary 6 students at Queen's College, dated February 21, 2022. It consists of three sections: Industrial Chemistry, Materials Chemistry, and Analytical Chemistry, with specific instructions for answering questions in two sections. The paper includes various chemistry topics such as reaction kinetics, industrial processes, chromatography, and empirical formula calculations.

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94 views10 pages

2021-2022 Mock Chemistry Exam Paper 2

The document is a mock examination paper for Chemistry, specifically Paper 2 for Secondary 6 students at Queen's College, dated February 21, 2022. It consists of three sections: Industrial Chemistry, Materials Chemistry, and Analytical Chemistry, with specific instructions for answering questions in two sections. The paper includes various chemistry topics such as reaction kinetics, industrial processes, chromatography, and empirical formula calculations.

Uploaded by

yongzhihuang38
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

QUEEN’S COLLEGE

Mock Examination 2021-2022


Chemistry
Paper 2
Secondary 6 Date : 21-2-2022

Time : 11:45 a.m. - 12:45 p.m.

This paper must be answered in English.

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

(1) This paper consists of THREE sections, Section A, Section B and Section C. Attempt ALL questions
in any TWO sections.

(2) Write your answers in the Answer Book provided. Start each question (not part of a question) on a new
page. After the announcement of the start of the examination, you should first write your class, class
number in the space provided on page 1 of the answer book.

(3) A Periodic Table is printed on the back of this Question Book. Atomic numbers and relative atomic
masses of elements can be obtained from the Periodic Table.

21-22 Mock Chemistry Examination / Paper 2 / Page 1


Section A Industrial Chemistry (Suggested Answer)

Answer ALL parts of the question.

1. (a) In the upper atmosphere, ozone is converted to diatomic oxygen according to the
equation shown below.

Equation (1) : O(g) + O3(g)  2O2(g) H = -392 kJ mol-1

This reaction involves single step collision with a rate constant of 2.6 x 105 dm3
mol-1 s-1 at 210 K.

(i) The relationship between the rate constant k and absolute temperature T can
be represented by the Arrhenius equation:
k = Ae-Ea/RT

where R is ideal gas constant = 8.31 J K-1mol-1


A is the Arrhenius constant, and
Ea is the activation energy.

Given that A for this reaction is 4.8 x 109 dm3 mol-1 s-1, calculate its Ea.

Ea = RT ln (A/k)
= (8.31)(210)ln(4.8 x 109 /2.6 x 105)
= 17.1 kJ mol-1 [1+1M]

(ii) If chlorine radicals (•Cl) are present in the upper atmosphere, they will
catalyze the reaction shown in equation (1) leading to ozone depletion. The
activation energy for the •Cl catalyzed ozone depletion is 0.44 kJ mol-1.
Sketch labelled energy profiles for the reaction in the absence and the
presence of •Cl respectively. (You are NOT required to draw the energy
profiles to scale.)

[1+1M label]

(4 marks)

21-22 Mock Chemistry Examination / Paper 2 / Page 2


(b) Explain the following observations about chemical kinetics.

(i) The rates of a reaction increase when the temperature is increased.

When the temperature is increased, the kinetic energy of the reactant


particles increases which increase the frequency of collision and hence the
rate of reaction. [1M]
Moreover, the number of reactant particles with energy equal to or greater
than the activation energy increases with temperature.
Therefore, the number of effective collisions increases and the reaction rate
is thus increased. [1M]

(ii) The fermentation is catalyzed in the presence of enzymes. The rate of


fermentation decreases at a certain high temperature.
Enzymes is a catalyst which provides an alternative reaction pathway with
lower activation energy, so it can speed up the reaction. [1M]
Enzymes are proteins which are easily denatured at a higher temperature.
[1M]
Therefore, the reaction rate decreases at a certain high temperature.

(4 marks)

(c) Haber Process, Ostwald Process and steam reforming are three important industrial
process to produce ammonia, nitric acid and methanol.

(i) Ammonia is produced by Haber Process. State the conditions for the Haber
Process.

Finely divided iron, 450 – 500 oC, 200-250 atm [1M]

(ii) Ammonia is used to produce nitric acid. Write down the chemical equations for
the reaction occurred in Ostwald process and state the catalyst needed (if any) for
the reaction.

Pt
4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g) [1M]
2NO(g) + O2(g)  2NO2(g) [1M]
4NO2(g) + O2(g) + 2H2O(l)  4HNO3(aq) [1M]

(iii) Methanol is an important chemical used to manufacture other organic chemicals.


Write down the chemical equations for formation of methanol from steam and
methane and state the catalyst needed (if any) for the reaction.

NiO
CH4(g) + H2O(g) → CO(g) + 3H2(g) [1M]
Cu/ZnO/Al2O3
CO(g) + 2H2(g) → CH3OH(g) [1M]

21-22 Mock Chemistry Examination / Paper 2 / Page 3


(6 marks)
1. (d) An experiment was devised to study the kinetics of the following acid-catalyzed
reaction:
I2 (aq) + CH3COCH3(aq)  CH3COCH2I(aq) + H+(aq) + I-(aq)

Four runs of the experiment were conducted at the same temperature, and the
reaction mixtures used were prepared according to the table below:
Run Volume used / cm3
0.02 M I2(aq) 1.0 M CH3COCH3(aq) H2O(l) 1.0 M H2SO4(aq)
1 50.0 5.0 20.0 25.0
2 50.0 10.0 15.0 25.0
3 50.0 15.0 10.0 25.0
4 50.0 20.0 5.0 25.0

In each run, 10.0 cm3 of the reaction mixture was withdrawn at regular time
intervals and added to excess NaHCO3(aq). When effervescence subsided, the
resulting mixture was titrated against standard Na2S2O3(aq) using starch solution as
indicator. The graph below shows the plot of the titre against time for each run.

(i) What is the purpose of adding the reaction mixture to excess NaHCO3(aq)
before each titration?

As the reaction is catalyzed by H+ (aq), treating the reaction mixture


with NaHCO 3 (aq) can help remove the acid so as to quench the reaction.
[1M]

21-22 Mock Chemistry Examination / Paper 2 / Page 4


(ii) Deduce the reaction order with respect to iodine.

The rate equation should be in the form of


Rate = k[I2]x[CH3COCH3]y[H+]z
Since the [H+] is in large excess and is not consumed as it is a catalyst
and hence [H+] is constant. [1M]
In each run, [CH3COCH3]>> [I2]. So [CH3COCH3] can be considered as
constant. [1M]
The titre decreases with time linearly, the rate of reaction is independent
of [I2(aq)], so the order of reaction w.r.t. I2 is zero. [1M]

(iii) Suggest a method using the data found from the graph provided to prove that
the order of reaction with respect to propanone is one.

For each run, the slope of the line represents the rate of the reaction.
[1M]
Plotting a graph of the (-slope) against volume of CH 3COCH3 (aq) or
[CH3COCH3(aq)], a straight line passing through origin is obtained for
1st order reaction. [1M]

(6 marks)

END OF SECTION A

21-22 Mock Chemistry Examination / Paper 2 / Page 5


Section B Materials Chemistry

This part is skipped in this paper.

END OF SECTION B

21-22 Mock Chemistry Examination / Paper 2 / Page 6


Section C Analytical Chemistry

Answer ALL parts of the question.


3. (a) A mixture of Fe3+(aq) and Cu2+(aq) is separated by paper chromatography using a
mixture of propanone and 6M HCl as the mobile phase.

(i) State the principle of paper chromatography.

Fe3+ and Cu2+ have different solubilities in the water on paper fibres
(stationary phase) and in the developing solvent i.e. the mixture of propanone
and 6M HCl (mobile phase). [1M]
Metal ion which is more soluble in the mobile phase will move up faster. [1M]

(ii) Suggest how you would identify chemically the Fe3+(aq) and Cu2+(aq) on the
chromatographic paper.

Place the chromatographic paper in an atmosphere of ammonia. / spray


ammonia solution to the chromatographic paper. [1M]
Fe3+ ion react with OH- (aq) to give brown spot of Fe(OH)3 (s) but Cu2+(aq)
reacts with NH3 (aq) to give a deep blue spot of [Cu(NH 3)4]2+ (aq) complex
[1M]

(4 marks)

(b) For each of the following pairs of species, suggest a chemical method to distinguish
them.

(i) Ba2+(aq) and Pb2+(aq)

Add HCl (aq) / KCl (aq) / aqueous solution of a water-soluble chloride.


[1M]
Pb2+ (aq) gives a white precipitate and Ba2+ (aq) does not. [1M]
OR Add NaOH (aq) [1M]
Pb2+ (aq) gives a white precipitate which dissolves in excess NaOH to form
a colourless solution but Ba2+ (aq) does not. [1M]
OR Add NH3 (aq) [1M]
Pb2+ (aq) gives a white precipitate but Ba2+ (aq) does not. [1M]
OR Add KI (aq) [1M]
Pb2+ (aq) gives yellow precipitate but Ba2+ (aq) does not. [1M]

(ii)

and
X Y

Heat the X and Y with acidified potassium dichromate solution / Tollen’s


reagent, Y (which is an aldehyde) can turn acidified potassium dichromate
solution from orange to green (or form silver mirror with Tollen’s reagent)
and X (which is a ketone) cannot. [1+1M]

(4 marks)
21-22 Mock Chemistry Examination / Paper 2 / Page 7
3. (c) In an experiment to determine the percentage by mass of copper in a sample of copper
ore, 3.00 g of the sample was warmed with excess HNO3(aq) to convert all
copper-containing substances to Cu2+(aq) ions. The resulting solution was boiled to
remove all nitrogen oxides formed. Upon cooling, the solution was diluted to 250.0
cm3. 25.00 cm3 of the diluted solution was withdrawn and then treated with excess
KI(aq) to liberate CuI(s) and I2(aq). The titration of the I2(aq) liberated required 25.80
cm3 of 0.102 M Na2S2O3(aq).

(i) Write the chemical equations for the reaction of Cu2+(aq) with I-(aq) and the
reaction of I 2(aq) with Na2S2O3(aq).

2Cu2+ (aq) + 4I- (aq)  2CuI (s) + I2 (aq) [1M]


I2 (aq) + 2 Na2S2O3 (aq)  2NaI (aq) + Na2S4O6 (aq) [1M]
OR I2 (aq) + 2 S2O32- (aq)  2I- (aq) + S4O62- (aq) [1M]

(ii) Calculate the percentage by mass of copper in the sample of copper ore.

No. of moles of Cu2+ = no. of moles of S2O32-


Mass of Cu2+ in the sample
= 25.8 x 10-3 x 0.102 x 10 x 63.5
= 1.67 g
% by mass of Cu in the ore
= 1.67/3 x 100 % = 55.7 % [1+1M]

(iii) State one assumption made in the experiment.

The impurities in the sample do not react with KI(aq) to give I2(aq).
The impurities in the sample do not react with S2O32-(aq).
Cu2+ (aq) reacts quantitatively with I-(aq) to give CuI(s) and I2 (aq).
[Any one – 1 mark]
Not accepted
All copper in the sample is converted to Cu2+ ion by HNO3. (because it is given
in the question.)

(5 marks)

(d) Compound M has the following composition by mass :


C : 59.8% H : 3.6 % Cl : 25.2 % O: 11.4 %

M displays the mass spectrum as shown below :

21-22 Mock Chemistry Examination / Paper 2 / Page 8


(i) Calculate the empirical formula of M.

C H Cl O
% by mass 59.8 3.6 25.2 11.4
Mole ratio 59.8/12 : 3.6/1 : 25.2/35.5 : 11.4/16
= 4.98 : 3.6 : 0.71 : 0.71
= 7 :5 : 1 :1
Empirical formula : C7H5ClO [1+1M]

(ii) Deduce the molecular formula of M.

The molecular ion of M has m/z = 140 for 35Cl in M (or 142 for 37Cl in M)
Let the molecular formula of M be (C7H5ClO)n with 35Cl atom in M
n (12 x 7 + 1 x 5 + 35 + 16) = 140
n=1
So the molecular formula = C7H5ClO [1+1M]

(iii) Deduce the structure of M.

The peak at m/z = 105 is likely to be due to the stripping off of a 35Cl atom from
the molecular ion to give a fragment ion C7H5O+ [1M]
From the ratio of C : (H and Cl) which indicate that M may have 5 multiple
bond or ring, so a benzene ring may be present with an double bond / the
fragment peak m/z = 77 is due to C6H5+ [1M]

So the possible structure of M = C6H5COCl or [1M]


(7 marks)

END OF SECTION C
END OF PAPER
21-22 Mock Chemistry Examination / Paper 2 / Page 9
21-22 Mock Chemistry Examination / Paper 2 / Page 10

Common questions

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The order of reaction with respect to iodine was determined by keeping the concentration of CH3COCH3 much larger than iodine, effectively constant. The rate of the reaction was found to be independent of iodine concentration, indicating a zero-order reaction with respect to iodine. For propanone, plotting the rate of reaction (from the slope) against the volume or concentration of propanone produces a straight line through the origin, confirming first-order reaction with respect to propanone .

One critical assumption is that impurities in the sample do not interfere with the reactions that generate iodine from iodide, or interact with the sodium thiosulfate used in the titration. These assumptions ensure that the measured iodine strictly corresponds to copper contents and any deviation from these assumptions could result in inaccuracies in determining the percentage by mass of copper in the sample .

Mass spectral data, such as molecular ion peaks and fragment ions, provide insights into a compound's structure. For instance, the molecular formula C7H5ClO and fragment ions suggest the presence of a benzene ring. The m/z ratio of 77 corresponds to C6H5+, indicative of benzene fragments in the compound's structure .

The experiment involves dissolving all copper into Cu2+ ions using HNO3, then using KI to convert Cu2+ ions into CuI and I2. Titrating the liberated I2 with Na2S2O3 determines the amount of iodine, which is stoichiometrically related to the amount of copper. Using the volume of Na2S2O3 at its known molarity, the number of moles of Cu2+ ions and subsequently the percentage by mass of copper in the ore can be calculated .

Chlorine radicals (•Cl) catalyze the conversion of ozone to diatomic oxygen by decreasing the activation energy required for the reaction from 17.1 kJ mol-1 to 0.44 kJ mol-1. This catalyzed reaction accelerates the depletion of ozone in the upper atmosphere .

Enzyme-mediated reactions, like fermentation, are accelerated at optimal temperatures since enzymes lower the activation energy. However, excessively high temperatures can denature the enzyme, decreasing the reaction rate despite the increased kinetic energy, due to the loss of enzyme activity at these temperatures .

To calculate the empirical formula from percentage composition, convert the percentages to mass ratios, then to moles by dividing by their atomic masses. Simplify the mole ratios to the smallest whole numbers to form the empirical formula. For example, C7H5ClO was derived for a compound with mass percentages of C: 59.8%, H: 3.6%, Cl: 25.2%, and O: 11.4% .

Adding a soluble chloride (e.g., HCl or KCl) to the aqueous solution can differentiate between Ba2+ and Pb2+; Pb2+ forms a white precipitate of lead chloride, while Ba2+ does not. Additionally, NaOH can be used, where Pb2+ forms a precipitate soluble in excess NaOH, but Ba2+ does not .

Catalysts in industrial processes like the Haber and Ostwald provide an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy, enhancing reaction rates. In the Haber Process for ammonia, finely divided iron acts as a catalyst, while in the Ostwald Process for nitric acid, platinum is used to catalyze the conversion of ammonia to nitric oxide .

The rate of a chemical reaction increases with temperature because the kinetic energy of the reactant particles increases, leading to more frequent collisions. Additionally, a higher temperature increases the fraction of particles with energy equal to or greater than the activation energy, resulting in more effective collisions .

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