VECTORS
1. (a) The position vector of a point A is( and AB =( , find the coordinates of B.
−5
(b)(i) Find the column vector m such that ( ¿−m=¿)
2
(ii) Hence find |m|
−1
(c).Given that PQ¿( ), find QP in component form.
9
Solutions
1.(a) AB= AO+OB
(
−3
2
¿= ( )
−2
1
=OB
OB= (−32)−(−21)
−1
¿( )
1
B(−1 , 1)
−5 −8
(b)(i)( ¿−m=( )
2 6
(
−5
2
¿− ( )
−8
6
=m
3
m=( )
−4
(ii)|m|=√ ¿ ¿ ¿ √ 9+16
¿ √ 25
=5
−1
(c). PQ=( )
9
1
QP=( )
−9
6 −9 15
2.Given that u=( ), v=( ) and w=( ), find
−8 10 p
(a) (i) |u|
(ii) 2 u+v
(b).Given that vector w is parallel to vector u , calculate the value of p .
Solution
2(a)(i) |u|=√ ¿ ¿
¿ √ 36+64
¿ √ 100
=10 units
(ii) 2 u+v =2 (−86 )+(−9
10
)
¿ (−16
12
)+(−9
10
)
3
= ( ¿
−6
(iii) u=kw where k is a constant then
6 15
( ¿=k ( )
−8 p
(−86 )=(15kpk )
6=15 k
2
k= ,
5
2
−8=kp , but k=
5
2
−8= p
5
2 p=−40
p=−20
3.In the diagram, OA=2 p , OB=3 q and BX= p−q . The lines OX and AB intersects at L.
(i) Express as simply as possible in terms of pand / or q
(a) OX
(b) AB
(ii) Given that AL=¿h AB , express AL in terms of p , qand h.
(iii) Hence show that OL=( 2−2 h ) p+3 hp
Solution
3. (i)(a) OX =OB +BX
= 3 q+ p−q
¿ 3 q−q+ p
=2 q+ p
(b) AB= AO+OB
¿−2 p+3 q
¿ 3 q−¿2p
(ii). AL=¿h AB
AL=¿h( 3 q−2 p )
=3 hq−2 h
(iii) OL=OA + AL
=2 p +3 hq−2hp
=2 p−2 hp+3 hq
= (−2 h ¿ p +3 hq
4. In the diagram, OA=2b ,OC =3 a and AB=2 a . The lines OB and AC intersects at X..
(i) Express as simply as possible in terms of a and / or b .
(a) OB
(b) BC
(ii) Given that CX=hCA ,express CX in terms of a , b and h .
(iii) Hence show that OX =( 3−3 h ) a+2 hb
Solutions
4(i)(a) OB=OA + AB
¿ 2 b+2 a
(b) BC=BO +OC
¿−( 2 a+2 b ) +3 a
¿−2 a−2 b+ 3 a
= 3 a−2 a−2 b
¿ a−2 b
(ii) CX=hCAbut CA=CO+OA
=2 b−3 a
CX=h ( 2 b−3 a )
=2 hb−3 ha
(iii) OX =OC +CX
= 3 a+2 hb−3 ha
¿ 3 a−3 ha+2 hb
¿ ( 3−h ) a+2 hbshown.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
(1)
OABC is a parallelogram .
1
The point X on AC is such that AX ¿ AC . The point Y on AB is such that AY
5
1
¿ AB . Given that OA = 20p and OC= 20q, express in terms of p and q
4
(i) AC, (ii) AX , ( iii) OX , (iv) OY.
What do the results of (iii) and (iv) tell you about O, X and Y?
(2) In the diagram XVZ is a straight line ,XY = 8p , XZ = 4p + 9q and YV =-6p + cq.
(i) Express XV in terms of p,q and c.
(ii)Given that XV = h XZ, form an equation involving p, q , h and c.
(iii) The point K is outside triangle XYZ and is such that
XK = -4p + 3q.
Is XK parallel to YV? Justify your answer.
(3) In the triangle ORS , the point A on OR is such that OA = 2AR. B is the midpoint of OS, X
is the midpoint of AB and OX produced meets RS at Y.OA = 2p and OB =2q.
(a) Express in terms of p and/or q
(i) AB, (ii) AX, (iii) OX, (iii) RS
(b) Given that RY = k RS , Express RY in terms of p,qand h.
(c) Hence show that OY = 3(1- h)p +4hq.
(d) Given also that OY =k OX , Express OY in terms of p, q and k.
(e) Using these two expressions for OY, find the value of h and the value of k.
(f) Find the ratio RY : YS.
(g) Express XY in terms of pand q.
(4) p = (−25 ), q= (−31) , r=(7x) ands = ( 4y ).
(a) Find (i) 2p + 3q,
(ii) p−¿q.
( b) Given that 2p = r + s calculate the value of x and the value of y.
(5) OA = (−21)and OB = ( 34).
(a) Given that OC = OA + OB, express oc as a column vector.
(b) Express AB as a column vector.
(c ) If LM = (−24 ), what is the special name given to the quadrilateral ALMO?
(6) p = (−41 ) , q = (−34)and r = (m2 ).
(a) Find q .
(b) Express 2p – q as a column vector.
( c) Given that p is parallel to r, find m.
ANSWERS:
(1) (i) 20(q – p), (ii) 4( q – p) (iii) 4(4p+ q) (iv) 5(4p+ q)
The points O,X and Y lie on the same line.
1 1
(2) (i) 2p + cq , (ii) h= , c= 4 ,
2 2
3
(ii) YV¿ (−4 P+3 q ) , XK isparallel to YV.
2
(3) (a) (i) 2p −¿2q , (ii) q – p , (iii) p+ q , (iv) 4q – 3p .
3 5
( b) h(4q – 3p ) , (d) k( p+ q ) , (e ) h= , k =1 .
7 7
5
(f) 3:4 , (g) ( P+q )
7
(4) (a) (i) (−11 ) , (ii) (−38 ) , (b) x= 6 , y =−11.
(5) (a) OC = (15) , ( b) AB = (53) , (c) Trapezium.
(6) (a) 5 , (b) (−12
5
) , (c) -
1
2
.
