IMPROVED ONLINE RESULT TRANSCRIPT GENERATION SYSTEM

CHIKA-UGADA PRECIOUS KELECHUKWU 20181085915

CHUKWUJEKWU C. EMMANUEL 20181125755

A PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE,

SCHOOL OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY,

FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, OWERRI

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY ([Link]) DEGREE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE

JULY, 2024
 CERTIFICATION

We, CHIKA-UGADA PRECIOUS KELECHUKWU, and CHUKWUJEKWU

C. EMMANUEL, declare that this work was truly done by us and that all
materials consulted are duly acknowledged. We are, therefore, liable for any
insecurities in it thereafter.

CHIKA-UGADA PRECIOUS K. DATE

CHUKWUJEKWU C. EMMANUEL DATE

i
 APPROVAL
This project “Improved Online Result Transcript System“ has been approved for the

Department of Computer Science, School of Information and Communication Technology,

Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State.

Dr. (Mrs.) J. C. Odirichukwu DATE

(Project Supervisor)

Dr. (Mrs.) J. N. Odii DATE

(Head of Department)

Prof. M. O. Onyesolu DATE

(External Examiner)

ii
 DEDICATION

I dedicate this work to God Almighty, the source of every wisdom and strength, for His

unwavering guidance and grace throughout this journey. His divine presence has been my anchor

and I am grateful for the blessings He has bestowed upon me.

To my beloved parents, Mr. and Mrs. Chika Ugada, whose love, sacrifices, and unwavering

support have been my inspiration. Your encouragement and belief in me have fueled my

determination, and I am forever grateful for the values you instilled in me.

I also extend my heartfelt appreciation to my project supervisor, Dr. (Mrs.) J. C. Odirichukwu.

Your mentorship, patience, and insightful guidance have been instrumental in shaping this project.

I am thankful for the knowledge and skills gained under your supervision.

This work is dedicated to God, my parents, and my project supervisor, with profound gratitude for

their indispensable roles in my academic journey.

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are grateful to God Almighty for the success attained and for His divine strength, projection,

provision, grace, and guidance throughout this project. Our sincere gratitude goes to our supervisor,

Dr. (Mrs.) J . C. Odirichukwu, whose tolerance and guidance challenged us to produce this

rewarding project. We also use this medium to acknowledge the Head of Department, Dr. Mrs.

J. N. Odii. We are indebted to our class adviser, Mr. Vitalis C. Iwuchukwu, and our lecturers: Dr.

C. N. Njoku, Dr. Mrs. Nwokorie, Mr. J. I. Eke, Dr. S. A. Okolie, Dr. A . O. Njoku, Dr. (Mrs.) J. C.

Odirichukwu, Mr. S . O. Diala, Dr. (Mrs.) C . L. Okpalla, Dr. (Mrs.) T . U. Onwuma, Mrs. F.

Nwokoma, Mr. Udochukwu C. Enwerem, Dr. (Mrs.) Uchenna C. Onyemauche, Dr. Ikechukwu

I. Ayogu, Dr. (Mrs) Mercy E. Benson-Emenike, Dr. Chinwe G. Onukwugha, Dr. Chukwuma D.

Anyiam, Mr. Donatus O. Njoku, Dr. Kelechi A. Douglas, Mrs. Chidi. U. Betrand, Mrs. Chinazo. J.

Onyema, Mrs. Ngozi A. Duru., Mr. Uchenna M. Obi, Mr. Peter. K. Joseph, Mr. Christopher I.

Ofoegbu, Mr. Idris. I. Ahmed, Mr. Abubakar A. Abubakar, Mrs Nneka M. Oragba, and all the

staff of the Computer Science Department who helped to impart knowledge throughout our stay in

school.

Our Special thanks also go to our External Supervisor. Our gratitude to the Dean of the School of

Information and Communication Technology (SICT), Prof. U.F. Eze.

We appreciate our beloved parents and our entire family for their financial support, prayers, and

love.

Finally, We are highly indebted to all of my friends and the graduating class of Computer Science

(2023, 2018/2019 admission set) for contributing to our joy in FUTO.

iv
 ABSTRACT
This study addresses the inefficiencies inherent in manual management of students’ academic

records by proposing a robust online system for result processing and transcript generation. The

aim of this study is to develop and implement an efficient online system for processing results and

generating transcripts, to streamline the process and improve accessibility and accuracy. An in-

depth analysis of the current manual processes reveals significant challenges and inefficiencies,

which guide the design and development of a user-friendly, web-based application. The system

employs the Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Methodology (OOADM) and integrates

HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, PHP, and MySQLi technologies to ensure scalability and effective

handling of extensive student data. This research offers a substantial contribution to the

modernization of academic administrative processes, demonstrating how an automated system can

significantly improve result processing and transcript.

v
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CERTIFICATION ...............................................................................................................................i

APPROVAL .......................................................................................................................................ii

DEDICATION ..................................................................................................................................iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................................ iv

ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................................... v

TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................... 1

CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................................................ 4

INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................6

1.1 Background to the Study .............................................................................................. 6

1.2 Statement of Problem ................................................................................................... 7

1.3 Aims and Objectives of the Study ................................................................................8

1.4 Significance of the Study ............................................................................................. 8

1.5 Scope of the Study ........................................................................................................9

1.6 Limitations of the Study .............................................................................................10

1.7 Definition of Terms ....................................................................................................10

CHAPTER TWO ..............................................................................................................................12

LITERATURE REVIEW .........................................................................................................12

2.1 Overview of Online Result Transcript Generation System ........................................12

2.2 Traditional Methods of Result Transcript Generation ............................................... 12

2.2 Related Works ............................................................................................................ 13

2.3.1 Design and Implementation of a Computerized Results Processing System ..........13

2.3.2 The Importance of Result-Processing Systems .......................................................13

2.3.3 Automated Result Processing System .....................................................................14

2.3.4 Role of Result Processing System in Academic Journey ........................................15

2.3.5 Security in Automated Results Processing ..............................................................15

1
 2.3.6 Automation in Result Processing ............................................................................ 16

2.3.7 Advancements in Automated Result Processing .....................................................17

2.3.8 Deficiencies in Current Result Processing Systems ................................................18

2.3.9 Addressing Shortcomings in Manual Result Compilation ......................................18

2.3.10 Management of Computerized Student Results Processing System .....................19

2.3.11 Development of a Web-Based Result Management System .................................19

CHAPTER THREE ..........................................................................................................................21

METHODOLOGY AND SYSTEM ANALYSIS ....................................................................21

3.1 Methodology .............................................................................................................. 21

3.2 Source of Data ............................................................................................................21

3.3 Method of Data Collection .........................................................................................22

3.3.1 Observation ............................................................................................................. 22

3.6 Proposed System Design for Improved Online Result Transcript Generation System25

3.7 Advantages of the Proposed System .......................................................................... 29

CHAPTER FOUR ............................................................................................................................ 31

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION .....................................................................................31

4.1 Implementation Tools and Technologies ................................................................... 31

4.1.1 HTML ......................................................................................................................31

4.1.2 CSS ..........................................................................................................................31

4.1.3 PHP ..........................................................................................................................31

4.1.4 JavaScript ................................................................................................................ 32

4.1.5 MySQL ....................................................................................................................32

4.1.6 WAMP and XAMPP server .................................................................................... 32

4.2 System Design ............................................................................................................32

4.2.1 Database St ..............................................................................................................34

4.2.3 Software Requirements ........................................................................................... 39

4.3 Result and Discussion ................................................................................................ 39

4.3.1 Input Design ............................................................................................................ 39

2
 4.3.2 Output Design/Result .............................................................................................. 48

4.5 System Maintenance .................................................................................................. 55

CHAPTR FIVE ................................................................................................................................ 57

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION .........................................................................................57

5.1 Summary .................................................................................................................... 57

5.2 Areas of Application of the Work .............................................................................. 57

5.3 Areas for Further Work .............................................................................................. 58

5.4 Recommendation ........................................................................................................58

5.5. Conclusion .................................................................................................................59

3
 List of Figures

3.1 Manual Result Generation Template. Culled from the CSC

Departmental Handbook, FUTO....................................................... 23

3.2 Sequence Diagram for Student........................................................... 25

3.3 Sequence Diagram for Admin............................................................ 26

3.4 Usecase Diagram for Proposed System.............................................. 27

4.1 Program Flowchart............................................................................. 33

4.2 Admin Login.......................................................................................39

4.3 Admin Dashboard................................................................................40

4.4 Adding Single Student Result.............................................................42

4.5 Uploading Multiple Student Result using .CSV Files........................ 43

4.6 Viewing Courses.................................................................................44

4.7 Viewing Enrolled Students Result......................................................45

4.8 Enrolled Students with Outstanding Carryovers................................ 46

4.9 CSC Department Homepage...............................................................47

4.10 Student Area for Checking Results.................................................. 48

4.11 Student Result...................................................................................49

4.12 Printing 100 Level Result for Precious............................................. 52

4.13 Student Area for Generating Academic Transcript.......................... 53

4.14 Printing Academic Transcript for Precious.......................................54

4
 List of Tables
3.1 Course Registration........................................................................... 34

3.2 Student Enrollment and Registration.................................................. 35

3.3 Scratch Card PIN Table...................................................................... 35

3.4 User Administration Table..................................................................36

4.1 Result Data Table............................................................................... 37

4.2 Result Data List Table........................................................................ 38

5
 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

The manual method of calculating students’ cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) was

analyzed, revealing various inadequacies. To address these challenges, a software application was

developed to automate the results processing. The software was created using PHP (Hypertext

Processor) scripting language and incorporated MySQL Relational Database System for database

design. Following development, rigorous testing was conducted, confirming that the software

performed according to expectations (Emmanuel & Choji, 2012). An automated information

management system greatly enhances the efficiency and convenience of managing information.

This application aims to ease the processing of students’ results in tertiary institutions with

comparable grading systems. It will have the ability to store and retrieve academic records quickly

and accurately, providing valuable information to users. The system’s benefits include cost

reduction in result processing (such as paper purchase expenses), decreased time spent on grade

computation, and elimination of resource duplication in terms of personnel and infrastructure.

(Matemilayo, Kamaldeen, Samson, etal., 2017)

The end-of-course grades assigned by lecturers have emerged as a vital and indispensable

component of the educational system in Nigeria. The grades serve as a tangible reflection of a

students’ overall experience, knowledge, and skills, encompassing both character and academic

pursuits, ensuring the accuracy, efficiency, timeliness, and security of these grades is paramount and

cannot be overstated. (Francis et al., n.d.)

6
Moreover, automating the grading process can significantly reduce the likelihood of errors and

biases, thereby improving the overall integrity and fairness of the grading system (Okoro & Okafor,

2019). Automated systems also facilitate timely updates and feedback for students, contributing to

a more dynamic and responsive educational environment (Adedeji & Falade, 2020).

In addition, the implementation of such systems supports educational institutions in maintaining

comprehensive and up-to-date academic records, which are crucial for accreditation and quality

assurance processes (Ibrahim, Musa, & Abdullahi, 2021).

The digital transformation of academic record management aligns with global trends towards

smart education systems, fostering greater transparency and accessibility of information for all

stakeholders involved (Chukwuemeka,Ogbu, & Nnamdi, 2022)

1.2 Statement of Problem

The conventional approach to managing students’ academic records is manual and involves

extensive paperwork, leading to a laborious and time-consuming process. The manual effort

becomes increasingly inefficient, particularly when dealing with a large volume of data.

The manual nature of the existing system makes it susceptible to errors andinaccuracies in data

entry, calculation, and transcription. These errors can lead to discrepancies in academic records

and transcripts, undermining theirreliability and credibility.

The manual handling of academic records and transcript results in inefficienciesin overall process.

Delays in processing and distribution can impact student access to timely and accurate academic

information, affecting their academic progress and administrative operations.

Access to academic records and transcripts may be restricted to specific locations or personnel

within the institution, limiting accessibility to students, faculty,

and administrative staff. This lack of accessibility hinders efficient information retrieval and

decision-making processes.

The reliance on paper-based records for managing academic data makes it challenging to

maintain and update records efficiently. Paper-based records are susceptible to loss, damage, or

misplacement, leading to further delays andinefficiencies in the process.

7
The existing system lack robust data analysis capabilities, making it difficult to derive actionable

insights and trends from academic data. This limits the institution’s ability to use data-driven

decision making to improve academic outcomes and administrative processes.

One of the significant challenges of online transcript generation in Nigerian Universities is the

issue of system longevity. Many of these systems, although initially functional, tend to collapse

after a few years. This problem is primarily attributed to the lack of dedicated programmers who

can stay long-term within the university system due to poor remuneration and unattractive working

conditions.

To address this, it is essential to develop an improved online result transcript generation system

that not only focuses on technical robustness but also on sustainable human resource management.

1.3 Aims and Objectives of the Study

The aim of this study is to develop and implement an efficient online system for processing results

and generating transcripts, to streamline the process and improve accessibility and accuracy.

The following are the objectives of this study:

1. To analyze the current manual process of academic results processing and transcript generation

to identify inefficiencies and challenges.

2. To design a user-friendly web-based application that enables the online processing of academic

results and generation of transcripts.

3. To develop the software using HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript for client-side functionality, PHP for

server-side programming and MySqli for relational database.

4. To ensure that the online system is scalable and capable of handling a large volume of student

data efficiently.

1.4 Significance of the Study

8
Implementing an online system for results processing and transcript generation can significantly

enhance the efficiency of academic administrative tasks. It reduces the time and effort required for

manual data entry, processing, and distribution of academic transcripts, leading to faster

turnaround times.

By automating the process, the likelihood of errors in results processing and transcript generation

is greatly minimized. This ensures greater accuracy and reliability of academic records, reducing

discrepancies and potential issues related to incorrect data entry or transcription errors.

An online system enable students, faculty members, and administrative staff to access records and

academic transcripts conveniently from anywhere with an internet connection. this enhances

accessibility and ensures that relevant information is readily available when needed.

With an online system in place academic staff can allocate their time more effectively, focusing on

other essential tax instead of spending hours on manual data entry and processing. This improves

overall productivity and allows staff to dedicate more time to student support and academic

activities.

The implementation of an online result processing and transcript generation system enhances the

overall student experience by providing timely access to accurate academic records and transcripts.

This contributes to higher level of student satisfaction and reduces frustration associated with

delays or errors in the processing academic documents.

Academic institutions that embraces technological advancements and implement innovative

solutions like online results transcript generation systems gain a competitive edge in attracting and

retaining students. Such institutions are perceived as forward-thinking, and responsive to the

evolving needs of students and stakeholders.

1.5 Scope of the Study

The study involves designing and developing an online system for result processing and transcript

generation. This includes selecting appropriate technologies and programming languages for both

client-side and server-side.

9
The scope covers defining the core functionalities and features of the online system, such as user

authentication, result entry and processing, transcript generation, data storage and retrieval.

Additionally, it includes ensuring the user interface is intuitive and user-friendly for students,

faculty and administrative staff.

The study addresses the management of student academic records and transcripts within the online

system. This involves designing the database structure, implementing data validation and security

measures, and ensuring the integrity and confidentiality of student data.

1.6 Limitations of the Study

Time constraints limit the duration available for designing, developing, and testing the online

system. As a result, certain features or functionalities were

prioritized over others, potentially affecting the comprehensiveness and effectiveness of the

system.

The success of the online system relies on the acceptance and adoption by users, including

students, faculty, and administrative staff. Resistance to change, lack of familiarity with

technology, or usability issues may hinder users acceptance and utilization of the system.

Despite implementing security measures, the online system may still be vulnerable to

cybersecurity threats, such as hacking, data breaches and unauthorized access.

Ensuring the confidentiality and integration of student data may pose challenges in the face of

evolving security threats.

1.7 Definition of Terms

1. Online Result Transcript Generation System: A web-based application designed to automate

the processing of academic results and generation of transcripts for students. It facilitates the

online entry, processing, storage, and retrieval of student academic records, improving efficiency

and accessibility.

2. Result Processing: The process of collecting, organizing, and analyzing academic assessment
10
data to generate individual student results. In the context of this study, result processing refers to

the automated handling of assessment data within the online system to compute and generate

accurate student results.

[Link] Generation: The process of creating official documents that summarize a student’s

academic performance, including grades, course completed, and degrees earned. In the study,

transcript generation refers to the automated creation and distribution of electronic transcripts for

students using the online system.

4. HTML5: Hypertext Markup Language version 5, a standard markup language used for creating

and structuring web pages and web applications.

5. CSS3: Cascading Style Sheets version 3, a style sheet language used for describing the

presentation of a document written in HTML or XML, including aspects such as layouts, colours,

and fonts.

6. JavaScript: A programming language commonly used for creating dynamic and interactive

elements within web pages, and web applications, such as form handling, animations, and event

handling.

7. PHP (Hypertext Pre-Processor): A server-side scripting language used for creating dynamic

web applications and websites. PHP is commonly used for processing form data, interacting with

databases, and generating dynamic contents.

8. MySQLi (My Structured Query Language improved): A relational database management

system used for storing, managing, and retrieving structured data. MySQLi is a variant of the SQL

language optimized for use with PHP applications.

9. WAMP (Windows Apache MySQL and PHP): A software stack used for web development

on the Windows operating system. It includes Apache, MySQL, and PHP, providing a local

development environment for building and testing web applications before deployment.

11
 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Overview of Online Result Transcript Generation System

This research (Ukaoha & Amadin, 2014) introduces an online system designed to simplify the

processing of academic results and the generation of transcripts. The conventional approach to

managing students’ academic records was identified as laborious and time-consuming, especially

when dealing with a large amount of data. This often led to errors and inefficiencies in the process.

To overcome this challenges, a web-based application was developed to streamline the result

processing procedure. The software was crafted using HTML5, CSS3, an JavaScript for client-side

functionality, wile PHP served as the server-side programming language, with MySqli as the

relational database. These technologies were chosen for their adaptability and suitability for

building online applications. Also, the implementation utilized the WAMP server environment for

optimal performance.

2.2 Traditional Methods of Result Transcript Generation

Several efforts have been made to alleviate the burden of result computation that is usually borne

by examination officers (in this case, lecturers) in the Nigerian clime. (Grey, 2010), it is evident

that the manual processing of results poses significant challenges. Without an adequate results

processing system, the intended goals may not be achieved, and errors during the process can

lead to serious repercussions. As noted by researchers such as (Matemilayo, Kamaldeen, &

Samson, 2017), manual processing often results in computation errors, insecurity of results, untidy

documentation post-changes, and increased workload on examination officers. Therefore, there is

a critical need for an effective, efficient, and error-free results processing system to ensure

accurate and reliable processing. Implementing an online application for result processing and

transcript generation can address these challenges by providing password-protected access to

12
authorized users. This approach facilitates seamless corrections or changes without compromising

the integrity of the documentation. Moreover, it significantly reduces stress on examination

officers and computer operators, leading to a more streamlined and efficient process.

2.2 Related Works

Before embarking on the construction of any new system, it is essential to acquaint ourselves with

existing similar systems, understanding both their successes and their shortcomings. This

preliminary investigation serves as a crucial foundation for our own project, providing valuable

insights that can inform our design decisions and implementation strategies. Our exploration of

related works is not merely an exercise in observation but a proactive effort to identify patterns,

trends, and innovative solutions within the field. By studying both the achievements and

challenges of existing systems, we can leverage their successes while mitigating potential pitfalls

in our own project.

2.3.1 Design and Implementation of a Computerized Results Processing System

This paper (Ukaoha & Amadin, 2014) presents the design and deployment of a Computerized

Results Processing System (CRPS) tailored to handle the processing of student results. The system

generates examination scores for individual faculties and provides tabulated reports to the

University Senate for undergraduate students. The CRPS underwent successful pilot testing at the

Department of Computer Science, University of Benin. It is designed as open-ended software,

allowing for adaptation of other higher education institutions. Notable advantages of the CRPS

include it’s timely, accurate, and reliable processing of results. However, one main drawback is the

initial investment required for setting up equipment and providing training.

2.3.2 The Importance of Result-Processing Systems

One of the most crucial factors in school is the outcome of student examination. Processing

student data under strict management is necessary in order to process exam results in a

straightforward manner. One cannot overstate how important

13
it is for students to have timely access to accurate findings. Students must receive their exam

results in order for them to know how well they performed in the various course they took.

Additionally, in order to repeat the tests, students must be aware of the courses they failed. The

goal of the result-processing system is to relieve lecturers of the burden of accumulating student

results and to perform other administrative chores, such as student registrations. With this

approach, instructors can take tests and grade exams without having to mark vertical or horizontal

lines on a large piece of paper. There is no need for lecturers to perform any type of mathematical

computations. The system handles everything, so they don’t need to grade students in accordance

with their performance in each subject. Common information processing systems or organizational

information systems on applicants’ admission and performances include the academic processing

system, results in processing system, and course registration system. (Oliokwe et al., n.d.-a)

2.3.3 Automated Result Processing System

Results processing involves the continuous conversion of various data elements, such as scores,

grade points, and credit units, into meaningful information, such as statements of results and

transcripts. These processed results serve as critical tools for accessing the performance of

individual students across different courses. However, the current method of processing academic

results has been identified as laborious and time-consuming, particularly when dealing with a large

volume of student data. This inefficiency can lead to errors and delays in the overall process. To

address these challenges, a computer software application was developed to automate the results

processing workflow. The software was built using HTML5, CSS and JavaScript for the client-

side interface, while PHP (Hypertext Pre-Processor) was utilized as the server-side programming

language, along with MySqli (My Structural Query Language Improved) for relational database

management. These technologies were chosen for their flexibility and robust features, which are

well-suited for developing web-based applications. The software was deployed on a WAMP

(Windows Apache MySql and PHP) server for local hosting and testing purposes. Test data for

evaluation was sourced from the Department of Computer Science. Upon testing, the developed

14
software demonstrated reliable performance and successfully generated the expected results. It

facilitated the computation of Grade Point Average (GPA) and Cumulative Grade Point Average

(CGPA) for each student based

on entered or uploaded examination scores. The implementation of this new system offers several

benefits,, including cost reduction in information processing, decreased time spent on GPA

computation and transcript generation, enhanced accuracy and efficiency, elimination of

redundancies. Overall, the introduction

of automated results processing represents a significant advancement in streamlining academic

administrative tasks and improved overall efficiency in educational institutions. (Matemilayo,

Kamaldeen, Samson, et al., 2017)

2.3.4 Role of Result Processing System in Academic Journey

The Result Processing System plays a pivotal role in a student’s academic journey. The growing

demand for efficient and accurate result computation necessitates the automation of manual

processing systems. Digitizing the process offers centralized storage, management, and

dissemination of result information to relevant stakeholders. An assessment of the current manual

process revealed its inefficiency and complexity. Manual tasks were identified and modeled using

UML object-oriented methodology. Leveraging technologies like Hypertext Preproessor (PHP)

and MYSQL database management systems, the student result processing system was

implemented. The system features a robust database capable of generating various reports tailored

to secondary schools, including result summaries, broadsheets, and individual student result sheets.

Notably, these reports are downloadable in PDF format. The system’s adaptability allows it to

accommodate the unique result processing needs of any public school (Ojo et al., 2020).

2.3.5 Security in Automated Results Processing

In this study, a computer software application has been created to streamline the automated

processing of results and queries. The application employs an innovative secured approach
15
utilizing the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Algorithm. Specifically, the AES algorithm is

applied exclusively to the results and user management tables, encrypting data with a private key

before transmission to the database storage. Decryption of the result sheet for input and update

processes occurs solely at the application end using the same private key for encryption. the

software development utilized [Link], incorporating HTML5, CSS, Bootstrap, and JavaScript

for client-side functionality, while C sharp serves as the server-side programming language, and

Microsoft SQL sever 2019 acts as the relational database. This selection was based on the

language’s flexibility and features suitable for online application development. Test data was

sourced from the Department of Computer and Information technology at Veritas University,

Abuja. The resultant program is poised to ensure seamless information flow and accurate

information management within the department, facilitating the computation of Grade Point

average and Cumulative Grade Point average for each student based on entered examination scores,

which constitutes the central concept underpinning the design (Francis et al., n.d.).

2.3.6 Automation in Result Processing

The marks awarded to students at the culmination of each course serve as crucial indicators of

their performance within the class, wielding considerable influence over decision-making

processes. However, the manual distribution of results often proves laborious and error-prone,

particularly when dealing with a large student cohort. In response to this challenge, (Fadhil et al.,

2016) developed a computer software application aimed at automating the result processing

procedure, thereby streamlining the process and enhancing accuracy. Utilizing Visual Basic

programming language for the user interface and SQL Relational Database Management System

for the database, the software offers a user-friendly interface while effectively managing data

retrieval, manipulation, and storage. By transitioning from manual document maintenance to a

digital database system, the software not only saves time but also reduces paperwork.

Moreover, the database structure enables centralized access and quick sharing of information

among multiple users, enhancing overall efficiency. Despite its benefits, the proposed system

16
currently lacks features to address backlogged papers and could be further optimized for user-

friendliness by incorporating drop-down menus instead of text boxes. Looking ahead, future

enhancements could include features for recording advisor-recommended classes and tracking

class attendance and grades, thereby enriching the system’s functionality and utility.

2.3.7 Advancements in Automated Result Processing

The Automated Result Processing System proposed by (ESTHER, 2021) represents

a significant advancement in the realm of result management, offering a computerized

approach that promises heightened accuracy, efficiency, and convenience. Recognizing the pivotal

role of student results as a fundamental measure of academic achievement, this project aims to

enhance the existing manual processing system, addressing issues such as missing results,

decentralized databases, and prolonged processing times. Implemented through a rigorous

waterfall model, the system ensures seamless progression through various development stages,

guaranteeing comprehensive functionality. Leveraging a platform-independent architecture, the

system operates seamlessly across diverse operating systems, fostering accessibility and user

convenience. With a front-end interface developed using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, and a

robust back-end powered by Java and MYSQL, the system offers a user-friendly experience while

maintaining robust data management capabilities. Access to the system is meticulously controlled,

with authorized users granted exclusive entry, ensuring data security and integrity. Available

round the clock and accessible from any location globally, the system heralds a new era of

efficiency and effectiveness in result processing. In conclusion, this innovative system

revolutionizes record-keeping in the Computer Science department at Caleb University, facilitating

swift data retrieval and ensuring the rapid, accurate processing of student results. With its

emphasis on speed, efficiency, user-friendliness, and data security, the Automated Result

Processing System represents a significant leap forward in academic record management.

17
2.3.8 Deficiencies in Current Result Processing Systems

The current automated examination result processing system (AERPS) utilized by numerous

tertiary institutions across Nigeria and beyond falls short in adequately assessing students’

academic progression from enrollment to potential graduation. This deficiency primarily stems

from AERPS’s sole reliance on students’ CGPA as the sole metric for evaluating progression,

neglecting crucial factors such as academic duration, CGPA benchmarks, and instances of

academic or moral misconduct. These factors are pivotal in accurately gauging a student’s

academic status and determining appropriate interventions, whether it involves promotion,

probation, or disciplinary actions like suspension or expulsion. To address these shortcomings,

(EMEKA et al., 2021) endeavors to develop a finite state machine (FSM) model capable of

integrating these multifaceted factors into a comprehensive framework for effective monitoring.

Employing a blend of quantitative and qualitative research methodologies, mathematical models

were formulated to simulate student input data. The FSM model utilized this simulated data to

evaluate the academic progression of 25 first-year students over a single academic session.

2.3.9 Addressing Shortcomings in Manual Result Compilation

(An˜ulika et al., 2014) investigated the shortcomings associated with the manual process of

compiling students’ results in secondary schools across Nigeria. Preliminary assessments of the

existing manual record-keeping practices were conducted in selected secondary schools in

Nasarawa state to identify the challenges. Subsequently, a new system was proposed, designed,

and implemented to address these issues. The developed computer software application aimed to

automate result processing, utilizing PHP programming language and MYSQL relational database

management system for database design. The software underwent rigorous testing and successfully

produced the expected results. With this system, teachers are relieved from the tedious task of

manually recording students’ test and exam scores, as the software handles all calculations

seamlessly. Additionally, the need for printing result booklets for each student is eliminated, as

results can be conveniently printed on A4 size paper or embossed cardboard, resembling

18
certificates, at a lower cost. This software significantly reduces the workload of teachers in result

preparation, allowing them more time to focus on teaching and other instructional responsibilities.

Moreover, the system’s flexibility enables customization to accommodate various types of student

record-keeping and data processing needs in both public and private secondary schools.

2.3.10 Management of Computerized Student Results Processing System

(Oliokwe et al., n.d.-b) aims to assess the effective management of the computerized student

results processing system at Enugu State Polytechnic. The objectives include reducing staff

workload, simplifying secure and efficient archiving and retrieval of student academic records, and

decreasing the time spent processing results. To achieve these goals, a systemic approach was

adopted to develop a platform utilizing programming expertise and design, enabling effective

communication between instructors and students for academic purposes. Programming languages

such as PHP, HTML, JavaScript, and MYSQL were utilized for database structure. The study

demonstrates that the system successfully met its goals and objectives upon completion, resulting

in a reduction of issues associated with the previous system. The system’s efficiency, accuracy,

and effectiveness in computing student results underscore its significance. It was observed that the

system produces precise documentation, minimizes the risk of errors and miscalculations,

organizes each student’s record based on specific criteria, and accelerates result calculation

processes. It is recommended that all higher institutions in Nigeria consider adopting an electronic

processing system for computing student results to enhance productivity in result processing.

2.3.11 Development of a Web-Based Result Management System

The rapid advancement of personal computers and the internet has significantly benefited society,

particularly in higher education. However, traditional examination processes in higher institutions

often involve manual intervention, resulting in time-consuming and error-prone result compilation

methods. With the increasing number of students and associated challenges such as course

registration errors and lack of guidance, there is a pressing need for a cohesive student result
19
management system. (Okebule et al., 2023) aims to address these issues by developing a web-

based solution that streamlines result compilation, reduces time and effort, and enhances security.

The proposed system includes a well-designed database, user-friendly interface, user access

privileges, and robust business logic. The project methodology is based on subjective study

findings. The functional result management system is developed using Django as the template

engine, with HTML and CSS for the view layer. The database for the student result management

system (iSRM) is designed using the SQLite Database Management System (DBMS).

20
 CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY AND SYSTEM ANALYSIS

3.1 Methodology

In this project, Object-Oriented methodology was adopted. The approved Methodology for the

Analysis as well as system design in this project is the Object-Oriented Analysis and Design

Methodology (OOADM). Object Oriented Analysis and Design Methodology is an approach

encourages re-utilization of programming segments. The following are the stages of OOADM:

Stage One:

Object-Oriented Analysis

In this Object-Oriented Analysis phase, the problems of the existing system were identified and

defined the problem as stated in the problem statement section.

Stage Two:

This phase was further broken down into the proposed system design and object design stages.

Proposed System Design:

This stage obviously states the design of the system comprehensive architecture. This was

doneaccording to the system analysis model and the proposed system model equally.

Object Design:

This phase involves developing a design model based on both the models developed in the system

analysis phase and the architecture designed in the system design phase.

Stage three:

Object-Oriented Implementation and Testing:

This phase involves translating the designed model into code using an appropriate programming

language or programming software. The databases were made and the specific equipment

prerequisites were ascertained. Furthermore, the code was tested by means of specialized

techniques to recognise and remove the errors within the code.

3.2 Source of Data

21
In research studies, data is gathered from various sources to ensure credibility and reliability of

research findings. For this study, both primary sources and secondary sources are used. The

primary source used here is observation while secondary source is from published research paper

in reputable journals.

3.3 Method of Data Collection

3.3.1 Observation

It has been observed that in the CSC department, after each exam, scripts are taken to the Head of

Department’s (HOD) office for collection by lecturers. The total score, combining exam scores

and Continuous Assessment (C.A), is manually calculated and recorded on paper. These scores are

then approved by the HOD, sent to the DEAN, and eventually uploaded to the system by the ICT

department. Courses vary in credit units, affecting students’ overall performance assessment.

3.3.2 Published Papers in Reputable Journals

A significant portion of the research material was sourced from journals accessed online. Various

works published by universities, companies, and organizations were referenced, providing

valuable insights into the subject matter. These journals not only enriched our understanding but

also offered diverse perspectives, contributing to a more comprehensive and detailed analysis of

the topic.

3.4 Analysis of Existing System

In the current system, after each exam, scripts are taken to the Head of Department’s (HOD) office

for collection by lecturers. The total score, combining exam scores and Continuous Assessment

(C.A), is manually calculated and recorded on paper. These scores are then approved by the HOD,
22
sent to the DEAN, and eventually uploaded to the system by the ICT department. Courses vary in

credit units, affecting students’ overall performance assessment. The system lacks a centralized

database for result management, leading to error detection and correction challenges. Missing

results occur due to registration errors or delays. The lengthy result processing time hinders

students from registering for outstanding courses promptly.

3.5 Analysis
FIGURE of 3.1:
theMANUAL
ProposedRESULT
SystemGENERATION TEMPLATE. CULLED FROM THE CSC
DEPARTMENTAL HANDBOOK, FUTO

3.5 Challenges of the Existing System

The conventional approach to managing students’ academic records is manual and involves

extensive paperwork, leading to a laborious and time-consuming process. The manual effort

23
becomes increasingly inefficient, particularly when dealing with a large volume of data.

The manual nature of the existing system makes it susceptible to errors andinaccuracies in data

entry, calculation, and transcription. These errors can lead to discrepancies in academic records

and transcripts, undermining the irreliability and credibility.

The manual handling of academic records and transcript results in inefficienciesin overall process.

Delays in processing and distribution can impact student access to timely and accurate academic

information, affecting their academic progress and administrative operations.

Access to academic records and transcripts may be restricted to specific locations or personnel

within the institution, limiting accessibility to students, faculty,

and administrative staff. This lack of accessibility hinders efficient information retrieval and

decision-making processes.

The reliance on paper-based records for managing academic data makes it challenging to

maintain and update records efficiently. Paper-based records are susceptible to loss, damage, or

misplacement, leading to further delays andinefficiencies in the process.

The existing system lack robust data analysis capabilities, making it difficult to derive actionable

insights and trends from academic data. This limits the institution’s ability to use data-driven

decision making to improve academic outcomes and administrative processes.

One of the significant challenges of online transcript generation in Nigerian Universities is the

issue of system longevity. Many of these systems, although initially functional, tend to collapse

after a few years. This problem is primarily attributed to the lack of dedicated programmers who

can stay long-term within the university system due to poor remuneration and unattractive working

conditions.

24
3.6 Proposed System Design for Improved Online Result Transcript Generation System

FIGURE 3.2 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM FOR STUDENT

25
FIGURE 3.3 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM FOR ADMIN

26
FIGURE 3.4 USECASE DIAGRAM FOR PROPOSED SYSTEM

27
It is essential to enhance the result processing system. The proposed system will feature a

centralized database for efficient storage and management of student records, addressing the

existing shortcomings and ensuring timely result processing and upload. The improved system will

incorporate a new feature that allows result upload from CSV (Comma-Separated Values) files.

Here is a detailed description of the new system. The improved system will include a user-friendly

interface for administrators to upload CSV files containing student result data. Administrators will

have the option to map the columns in the CSV file to corresponding fields in the database,

ensuring accurate data importation. A dedicated module will be developed within the system to

handle the upload of CSV files. Administrators will be able to access this module from the system

dashboard or a designated menu option.

1. System Architecture

Client-Server Architecture: The system utilizes a client-server architecture, where the client (web

browser) interacts with the server (web application) to request and retrieve transcript data.

Three-Tier Architecture: The system follows a three-tier architecture comprising the presentation,

application and database layers.

Presentation Layer

1. User-Interface Design: Develop a responsive web interface using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript

frameworks. It is very intuitive and user-friendly, facilitating easy navigation for students and

administrative staff.

2. Access Control: Implement role-bases access control (RBAC) to restrict access to sensitive data

and functionalities. In essence, different roles (students, lecturers, admins) have specific

permissions.

Application Layer

1. Backend Framework: Utilize a robust programming language such as PHP to handle server-side

operations.

28
2. APIs: Developed for data communication between client and server. These APIs will handle

requests such as user authentication, transcript generation and retrieval of student data.

3. Authentication and Security: Implement secure authentication mechanisms, ensuring data

encryption for secure data transmission between the clients and server.

Database Layer

1. Database Management Systems: Use MySQLite for relational database management. The

database will store student records, course grades, user credentials, and other relevant data.

2. Database Design: Create a normalized database schema with tables for Users, Courses, Course

Grades, Results, and Transcripts, with implemented relationships between these tables to ensure

data integrity.

Key Modules

1. User management: In the control unit, handle user registration, login, password recovery and

profiles.

2. Grade management: In exams and records, allow lecturers to input and update student scores,

with implemented validation checks to ensure data accuracy.

3. Result and Transcript Generation: Automate the generation of results and transcripts based on

stored data.

4. Notification: The system should implement feedback mechanisms such as receiving complaints

and flash news

3.7 Advantages of the Proposed System

The proposed system will accomplish the following:

1. Efficiency and Speed:

The proposed system automates the entire transcript generation process, reducing the time required

to produce results and transcripts compared to manual methods.

2. Quick Access:

Students and administrative staff can access transcripts and academic records quickly, eliminating
29
delays associated with manual handling.

3. Accuracy:

Automation minimizes human errors in data entry and calculations, ensuring higher accuracy in

result processing and transcript generation.

4. Cost-Effectiveness:

a. Reduced Paper Usage: The digital nature of the system cuts down on paper and printing costs,

contributing to environmental sustainability.

b. Lower Operational Costs: By reducing the need for manual processing, the system lowers

labour costs associated with transcript generation and management.

5. Security and Privacy:

a. Data Encryption: Implementation of secure data transmission protocols (SSL/TLS) and

encryption mechanisms ensures that sensitive student data is protected from unauthorized access

and breaches.

b. Access Control: Role-based access control (RBAC) restricts access to sensitive information,

ensuring that only authorized personnel can view or modify data.

6. Scalability and Flexibility:

a. Modular Design: The system’s modular architecture allows for easy updates and scalability,

accommodating future growth and new feature integrations without major overhauls.

b. Adaptability: The system can be tailored to fit the specific needs and grading systems of

different institutions, offering flexibility in its application.

7. User-Friendly Interface:

a. Ease of Use: The intuitive and responsive web interface ensures that users can navigate the

system easily, reducing the need for extensive training.

b. Self-Service: Students can access their results, transcripts and academic records on-demand,

without needing to go through administrative staff, enhancing user satisfaction.

8. Improved Record Management: A centralized database ensures that all academic records are

stored in a single, easily accessible location, simplifying record management and retrieval.

30
 CHAPTER FOUR

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 Implementation Tools and Technologies

In this section, we will review the tools and technologies behind the implementation of our system.

4.1.1 HTML
HTML is the acronym for hypertext markup language. It is to build the structure of web pages

Web Pages. Some features of HTML includes but not limited to describes the structure of a Web

page, consists of a series of elements, tell the browser how to display the content, represented by

tags, tags label pieces of content such as ”heading”, ”paragraph”, ”table”, and so on, browsers do

not display the HTML tags, but use them to render the content of the page.

4.1.2 CSS
Cascading style sheet is used to control the style of a web document in a simple and easy way.

CSS is very easy to use. It is basically use to build the look and feel of a website. CSS is used to

control the color of the text, the style of fonts, the spacing between paragraphs, how columns are

sized and laid out, what background images or colors. It is used with HTML for building of web

applications user interface.

4.1.3 PHP
PHP is a sever side scripting language used to build the business logic of a web application/

website. It is a recursive acronym for ”PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor”, it is is embedded in HTML.

It is used to manage dynamic content, databases,

session tracking, even build an entire e-commerce sites. It is integrated with a number of popular

databases, including MySQL, Oracle, Informix, Microsoft SQ Server etc. PHP performs system

functions, i.e. from files on a system it can create, open, read, write, and close the files. Php handle

forms, i.e. gather data from files, save data to a file, use for encrypting data, return data to the user,

add, delete, and modify elements within your database through PHP, access cookies variables and
31
set cookies, restrict users from accessing some pages of your website, and enable email integration.

4.1.4 JavaScript
The Javascript is also part of the Technology used to develop this project. JavaScript is used to

implement client-side script to interact with the user and make dynamic pages. It is used to

validate forms. Nowadays, it is used for both sever side and client side scripting. It is used to

perform so many functionality.

4.1.5 MySQL
For storage of data to be achieve, a database server and query language is needed. MySQL is used

to implement data storage in web application development and this research design adopted it

because it is open source meaning, anyone can used it without any payment for local server and

application testing.

4.1.6 WAMP and XAMPP server

These are servers that integrate Apache server and MySQL sever to used either locally and online

for Php based web [Link] is used to test the web application for both development and

production environment. The web applications are hosted via these servers online.

4.2 System Design

System design is a process whereby a plan is developed for improved system, based on the results

of system analysis.

32
4.2.1 Program Flowchart

FIGURE 4.1 PROGRAM FLOWCHART

33
4.2.2 Database Structure

The database design of the tables should be related in the system functions. We thus represent the

tables designs using schema of table objects which denotes their usability in the database design

framework.

Table Structure of the Database Design

This system is a computerized system and all our information will be store in MYSQL database,

the system database will contain tables shows attributes for each entity, specification of data

elements, data types and constraints.

Table 4.1: Course Registration

S/N FIELD NAME DATA TYPE FIELD SIZE DESCRIPTION
1 Id AutoNumber Long Integer Primary Key

2 sem Text - -

3 level Text - -

4 course Text - -

5 code Text - -

6 unit Text - -

34
 Table 4.2: Student Enrollment and Registration

S/N Field Name Data Type Field Size Description

1 id AutoNumber Long Integer Primary Key

2 matno Text - -

3 name Text - -

4 sex Text - -

5 email Text - -

6 phone Text - -

7 sa Int - -

8 sb Int - -

Table 4.3: Scratch Card PIN Table

S/N Field Name Data Type Field Size Description

1 id AutoNumber Long Integer Primary Key

2 matno Text - -

3 session Text - -
4 semester Text - -

5 pin Text - -
6 used Int - -

7 count Int - -

8 S_b Int - -

35
 Table 4.4: User Administrator Table

S/N Field Name Data Type Field Size Description

1 id AutoNumber Long Integer Primary Key

2 user varchar 50 -

3 pwd varchar 50 -
4 status varchar 50 -

5 timein varchar 50 -
6 used varchar 50 -

7 Last seen varchar 50 -

8 Security level varchar 50 -

9 uid varchar 50 -

10 rfid varchar 50 -

11 name text - -

36
 Table 4.5: Result Data Table

S/N Field Name Data Type Field Size Description

1 id AutoNumber Long Integer Primary Key

2 level Text - -

3 course code Text - -

4 semester Text - -

5 session Text - -
6 matricno Text - -

7 name Text - -

8 test int - -

9 lab int - -

10 exam int -

11 total int - -

12 Grade int - -

13 remark Text - -

14 Remark status Text - -

15 Status Text - -

16 Remark sn Text - -

17 Sender Text - -

18 date Text - -

37
 Table 4.6: Result Data List Table

S/N Field Name Data Type Field Size Description

1 id AutoNumber Long Integer Primary Key

2 Result sn varchar - -

3 level varchar - -

4 semester varchar - -

5 Course code varchar - -

6 Course title varchar - -

7 session varchar - -

8 date varchar - -

9 status varchar - -

10 sender varchar - -

4.2.2 Hardware Requirements

1. Processor: Any processor with considerable speed

2. Installed Memory(RAM): 512 MB and above

3. System Type: 32 or 64-bit operating system

4. Hard disk: 80 GB and above

5. Modem for internet access.

38
4.2.3 Software Requirements
Since this is an online tracking system, it must run on the web browsers listed below:

1. Internet Explorer,

2. Mozilla Firefox,

3. Opera,

4. Google Chrome,

5. Safari, etc

It is supported by the Window operating system, and could also work in other operating systems.

4.3 Result and Discussion

After the thorough design process, each phase of software was thoroughly tested for bugs, and for

accuracy of output. The new application software was built to be very user-friendly to make it easy

for users to navigate their way through without much help.

4.3.1 Input Design

FIGURE 4.1: ADMIN LOGIN

Upon completion of the system design and implementation, stringent security

measures were integrated to safeguard access to the portal or control panel. Central to

this security protocol is the requirement for usernames and passwords, ensuring that

only authorized personnel can access the dashboard.

39
FIGURE 4.2: ADMIN DASHBOARD

40
The findings presented in Figure 4.1 highlights the functionality and features of the dashboard

upon a successful admin login. The dashboard serves as

a centralized platform for the university administrators to oversee various aspects of the

department.

The dashboard provides an overview of key metrics such as the total registered courses in the

department, and the number of enrolled students. This immediate access to key data allows for

quick access of the current state of department affairs. The presence of navigation menus enhances

the usability of the dashboard by offering intuitive pathways to access different records and

functionalities. the menu options include flash news and complaint reports for communication and

issue resolution, interim entry, single entry and view entries, carryover for exams and records,

student, course, and settings for the admin unit, admin user and login represent the diverse range of

administrative tasks and responsibilities that can be managed through the dashboard. Within the

system, two methods are available for uploading student results: single entry and interim entry.

41
 FIGURE 4.3: ADDING SINGLE STUDENT RESULT

Single Entry: This method involves the manual entry of each student’s result. Firstly, the user

selects the level, semester, session, and course title for which they wish to input results.

Subsequently, the system prompts the user to enter the individual student’s registration number,

test score, lab score, and exam score. Upon submission, the system automatically computes the

grades for each student in the specified course and stores the results in the database.

42
Interim Entry: In contrast, the interim entry method allows for the bulk uploading of

results via a .csv file. Similarly, the user begins by selecting the level, semester,

session, and course title. However, instead of manual input, the user uploads a .csv

file containing the results data. Once uploaded, the system processes the file and

temporarily stores the results in a designated table. These results remain in a pending

FIGURE
state until they 4.4:
are UPLOADING MULTIPLE
verified and finalized by STUDENT RESULT
an authorized [Link] .CSV FILES

43
 FIGURE 4.5: VIEWING COURSES

By clicking on the ”View Entry” option, the admin user gains access to a user-friend

ly interface where they can perform various actions such as adding new courses,

modifying existing ones, or deleting outdated entries.

44
 FIGURE 4.6: VIEWING ENROLLED STUDENTS RESULT

Within the ”View Entry” section, users have the capability to not only view

the details of registered courses but also access the results of students enrolled

in each course. This functionality enables users to efficiently monitor student

performance and academic progress within specific [Link],we are

provided with the option to rectify any inaccuracies or errors in the

computation of results. By leveraging the interface provided within the ”View

Entry” section, users can easily identify and delete any incorrectcomputations,

ensuring that the academic records maintained within the system remain

accurate and reliable.

45
 FIGURE 4.7: ENROLLED STUDENTS

Within the student menu, users have the capability to efficiently manage

student records based on their academic levels. This includes the ability to

view students categorized by their respective academic levels, as well as the

flexibility to add, edit, or delete student records as necessary.

46
 FIGURE 4.8: ENROLLED STUDENTS WITH OUTSTANDING
CARRYOVERS

In the carryover menu, students with outstanding carryovers are prominently displayed, allowing

administrators to efficiently manage this specific category of students. This feature provides a clear

overview of students who have not successfully completed all required courses within their

academic program.

By accessing the carryover menu, administrators can easily identify students

who need additional support or intervention to address their outstanding carryover courses. This

includes providing remedial assistance, scheduling additional coursework, or facilitating

communication between students and academic advisors.

47
4.3.2 Output Design/Result

FIGURE 4.9: CSC DEPARTMENT HOMEPAGE

The homepage serves as the gateway to our department’s digital ecosystem, offering visitors an

immersive experience into the dynamic world of our academic community. Here, individuals gain

insights into the department’s mission, vision, and ongoing initiatives, providing a comprehensive

overview of our commitment to excellence in education and research. Of particular interest to our

students is the seamless access to their academic records, including results and transcripts,

facilitated through intuitive navigation features embedded within the homepage.

48
 FIGURE 4.10: STUDENT AREA FOR CHECKING RESULTS

Once logged in, students can easily locate the ”Result Checker” feature within

the student dashboard. This intuitive interface provides quick access to

semester results, examination scores, and overall academic performance.

49
Here, the students result is display. It can also be printed, see figure 4.12

FIGURE 4.11A: STUDENT RESULT

50
FIGURE 4.11B: STUDENT RESULT

51
FIGURE 4.12: PRINTING 100 LEVEL RESULT FOR
PRECIOUS

52
FIGURE 4.13: STUDENT AREA FOR GENERATING
ACADEMIC TRANSCRIPT

53
 In this system, students can generate their academic transcripts,

after followingevery due process.

FIGURE 4.14: PRINTING ACADEMIC TRANSCRIPT FOR

PRECIOUS

The academic transcript can be printed in hard copy or be converted to

a suitable format, like pdf files.

4.4 System Testing

Software testing encompasses the process of validating and verifying that a computer

program, application, or product aligns with the requirements that guided its design

and development. This entails ensuring that the software operates as anticipated, can

be implemented with consistent characteristics, and ultimately fulfills the needs of

54
stakeholders.

In evaluating the system under consideration, two types of testing were employed:

1. Modular Testing: Modular testing involved the examination of each module or unit

independently to confirm its proper functioning.

2. System Testing: Following individual module testing, the entire system underwent

comprehensive testing to identify any faults or failures. This phase involved

integrating all modules and units into a cohesive system and subjecting it to testing

using predefined test data.

4.5 System Maintenance

This phase is commonly referred to as the support phase, which

primarily focuses on making adjustments related to errors, corrections,

and adaptations as the software environment evolves. It also involves

accommodating changesprompted by evolving client requirements.

1. Correction: Corrective maintenance involves the process of

addressing or debugging defects or faults identified during the

operation of software.

2. Enhancement: As software is utilized, users may identify

additional functionalities that could enhance the software’s

productivity. Perfective maintenance aims to improve the

software’s functionality beyond its original design.

3. Preventive: Software undergoes deterioration over time due to

changes in its environment. Preventive maintenance, also known

as software

55
re-engineering, entails making modifications to the software to facilitate

easier debugging, adaptation, and enhancement. It also helps prevent

system failures.

56
 CHAPTR FIVE

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

5.1 Summary
This report presents the development and implementation of an advanced online

system for generating result transcripts. The project addresses the limitations of

existing systems, such as slow processing, inaccuracies, and limited functionality, by

introducing various enhancements and improvements. The implemented system

boasts several key features designed to improve efficiency, accuracy, security, and

user experience. It offers a user-friendly interface that simplifies navigation for both

administrators and users. Customization options allow educational institutions to

tailor settings, templates, and formatting according to their specific needs.

Automation features automate repetitive tasks, reducing manual efforts and

minimizing errors. The system ensures data security through robust encryption

techniques and access controls.

The system is scalable, capable of handling large volumes of data, and supports

seamless integration with existing educational management systems and third-party

applications. Real-time updates and notifications keep users informed about

the status of transcript generation, fostering transparency and timely communication.

A feedback mechanism enables users to provide input for further improvements.

5.2 Areas of Application of the Work

The enhanced online result transcript generation system has versatile applications

across various sectors, primarily in educational institutions and organizations involved

in academic record management.

57
5.3 Areas for Further Work

While the enhanced online result transcript generation system represents a significant

advancement in academic record management, there are several areas where further

work and improvements could be explored:

Enhanced Data Analytics: Integrate advanced data analytics capabilities to provide

insights into academic performance trends, course popularity, and student outcomes.

This could aid educational institutions in making data-driven decisions to improve

curriculum effectiveness and student success rates.

Machine Learning Algorithms: Develop machine learning algorithms to automate the

identification and correction of errors in transcript data. This could improve the

accuracy of transcript generation and reduce the need for manual data validation.

Accessibility Features: Implement accessibility features to ensure the system is usable

by individuals with disabilities, such as screen readers and keyboard navigation

enhancements. Compliance with accessibility standards would promote inclusivity

and usability for all users.

5.4 Recommendation

Based on the development and implementation of the enhanced online result

transcript generation system, the following recommendations are proposed for

maximizing its effectiveness and impact:

Continuous Improvement: Establish a framework for ongoing evaluation and

improvement of the system based on user feedback, technological advancements, and

evolving requirements. Regularly assess performance metrics, user satisfaction levels,

and emerging trends to identify areas for enhancement and optimization.

58
User Training and Support: Provide comprehensive training and support resources to

administrators, faculty members, and students to ensure they can effectively utilize

the system’s features and functionalities. Offer tutorials, user guides, and helpdesk

support to assist users in navigating the system and resolving any issues they

encounter.

Scalability and Flexibility: Design the system with scalability and flexibility in mind

to accommodate future growth, technological advancements, and changing user

requirements. Adopt modular architecture and interoperability standards to facilitate

seamless integration with third-party systems and accommodate customization based

on institutional preferences.

Research and Innovation: Invest in ongoing research and innovation initiatives to

explore emerging technologies, pedagogical approaches, and industry trends that can

further enhance the system’s capabilities and address evolving challenges in academic

record management. Collaborate with academia, industry partners, and research

institutions to stay at the forefront of innovation in the field.

5.5. Conclusion
The upgraded online result transcript creation system has been designed and deployed

with success. Through the implementation of novel features and the resolution of

significant obstacles, the system produces transcripts with greater efficiency, yields

precise outcomes, and offers educational institutions an intuitive gateway.

59
 References

Adedeji, A., & Falade, O. (2020). Enhancing Educational Feedback Systems through
Automation. Journal of Educational Technology.
An˜ulika, E. A., Bala, E., & Nyap, C. D. (2014). Design and implementation of
result processing system for public secondary schools in nigeria. International
Journal of Computer and Information Technology, 3(01).
Chukwuemeka, E., Ogbu, A., & Nnamdi, C. (2022). Smart Education Systems: The
Future of Academic Record Management. International Journal of Educational
Development.
Emeka, A. G., Emeka, O. N., Johnson, E., & Nnamdi, A. A. O. (2021).
Development of a finite state machine model for monitoring the academic
progression of undergraduate students. Journal of Theoretical and Applied
Information Technology, 99(3).
Emmanuel, B., & Choji, D. (2012). A software application for colleges of education
students results processing. Journal of Information Engineering and
Applications, 2(11), 12–18.
Esther, O. O. (2021). Automated result processing system: A study of caleb
university, lagos [Doctoral dissertation, CALEB UNIVERSITY].
Fadhil, H. M., Eidan, N., & Ahmed, Z. (2016). Design of computerized students
grades database management system. International Journal of Science &
Engineering Development Research, 1, 343–349.
Francis, E., Nwaukwa, J. C., Uloko, F., & Oborindo, C. (n.d.). A novel secured
approach for result processing system.
Grey, S. (2010). Mode of processing result system. Himachal Pradesh University
Journal, 127–134.
Ibrahim, S., Musa, A., & Abdullahi, T. (2021). Academic Records and Quality
Assurance in Nigerian Universities. Journal of Higher Education Studies.
Matemilayo, D. O., Kamaldeen, R. A., & Samson, O. F. (2017). An online result
processing and transcript generation system: A case study of kwara state
polytechnic. Tetfund Sponsored Kwara State Polytechnic Journal of
Research and Development Studies, 5(1), 1–14.
Matemilayo, D. O., Kamaldeen, R. A., Samson, O. F., Tajudeen, Y. I., & Olarenwaju,

60
 S. T. (2017). Design and implementation of an integrated result processing
system in a networked environment. Biomedical Statistics and
Informatics, 2(4), 131–137.
Ojo, O., et al. (2020). Modelling and implementation of a result processing system.
ScienceOpen Preprints.
Okebule, T., Adeyemo, O., Oguntimilehin, O., Awe, A., & Onyinye, F. (2023).
Implementation of a cohesive student end result manager.
Okoro, C., & Okafor, J. (2019). Reducing Errors and Biases in Academic Grading
through Automation. Journal of Academic Integrity.
Oliokwe, B., Mba, C., Ezeaku-Ezeme, C., & Okwueze, C. (n.d.-a). Effective
management of the computerized student results processing system at
enugu state polytechnic.
Oliokwe, B., Mba, C., Ezeaku-Ezeme, C., & Okwueze, C. (n.d.-b). Effective
management of the computerized student results processing system at
enugu state polytechnic.
Ukaoha, K. C., & Amadin, I. F. (2014). Computerized result processing system: A
case study of the department of computer science, university of benin. 2014
IEEE 6th International Conference on Adaptive Science & Technology
(ICAST), 1–4.

61