GIS Model Exam

Which one is the simplest and oldest surveying method used for linear measurement
only?
A. Pacing method
B. Taping method
C. Stadia method
D. Chain method
ANSWER: D
A measurement is made along a line that is inclined by a vertical angle of 30 as
measured using a hand level & clinometer. The slope measurement is 756.52m. What is
the corresponding horizontal distance?
A. 378.26m
B. 655.17m
C. 436.78m
D. 426.68
ANSWER: B
Let ABCD be the given parcel whose area is to be measured; fix the pegs at A, B, C,
and D. The lengths of lines AB, BC, CD, AD, and AC were measured as 20 m, 10 m, 15
m, 10 m, and 25 m, respectively. What is the area of a given field?
A. 94.99m2
B. 89.44m2
C.173.20m2
D. 866.02m2
ANSWER: A
One is false about the total station instrument.
A. Manual Total Stations was able to read the horizontal and vertical angles
manually
B. Semiautomatic Total Stations read the horizontal circle manually and vertical
circle digitally
C. Semiautomatic Total Stations read the horizontal circle digitally while
vertical circle manually
D. Automatic Total Stations measures both the horizontal and vertical angles
electronically
ANSWER: C

In a field survey, ____________ is used to measure the vertical and horizontal

angles along with slope distances.
A. Total station
B. Theodolite
C. Leveling
D. GPS
ANSWER: A
_________is the north–south reference line that passes through a mean position of
the Earth’s geographic poles.
A. Magnetic meridian
B. Geodetic meridian
C. Astronomic meridian
D. grid
ANSWER: B
_______________ refers to the process of combining two or more images into one
composite image, which integrates the information contained within the individual
images.
A. Image Restoration
B. Image Fusion
C. Image Enhancement
D. Image Registration
ANSWER: B
______________ is a collection of several monochrome images of the same scene, each
of them taken with a different sensor.
A. Hyperspectral Image
B. Monochrome Image
C. Multispectral Image
D. Panchromatic Image
ANSWER:C

______________contains hundreds of wavelength bands collected in narrow, adjacent

sections across the visible and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
A. Hyperspectral imagery
B. Panchromatic Image
C. Multispectral Image
D. Monochrome Image
ANSWER: A
Data acquisition In Remote sensing Digital Image Processing can be possible
through:
A. Theodolite
B. GNSS
C. UAV/Drone
D. Total station
ANSWER: C
One is not the reason for remote sensing image distortions.
A. Data recording procedure
B. Shape and rotation of the Earth,
C. The perfectly transparent atmosphere,
D. Environmental conditions prevailing at the time of data acquisition,
ANSWER: C

From the following alternatives which one is not the aim of image corrections?
A. Put on errors/distortions from an image
B. To correct distorted image data to create a more accurate representation of
the original scene
C. Improving the quality of images and serves as a basis for further image
analysis.
D. Precedes manipulation and analysis of image data to extract specific
information
ANSWER: A
_____________refers to the task of assigning classes—defined in a land cover and
land use classification system, known as the schema—to all the pixels in a remotely
sensed image.
A. Image Analysis
B. Image classification
C. Image Correction
D. Image Enhancement
ANSWER: B
From the following options which one is incorrect?
A. Supervised image classification is a method in which the image interpreting
software separates a large number of unknown pixels in an image based on their
reflectance values into classes or clusters with no direction from the analyst.
B. Supervised classification is a method in which the analyst defines small
areas (training sites) on the image, which contain the predictor variables measured
in each sampling unit and assigns prior classes to the sampling units.
C. Object-based image classification groups pixels into representative vector
shapes with size and geometry.
D. None
ANSWER: A
Which one is the correct fundamental steps in Digital Image Processing?
A. Image acquisition - Image enhancement  Image restoration  Color image
processing  Wavelets  Compression Representation  Recognition Morphological
processing  Segmentation.
B. Image acquisition  Image enhancement  Image restoration  Color image
processing  Wavelets  Compression Morphological processing  Segmentation 
Representation  Recognition.
C. Image acquisition  Image enhancement  Compression  Color image processing
 Wavelets  Image restoration  Morphological processing  Segmentation 
Representation  Recognition.
D. All
ANSWER: B
Which one is a satellite-based positioning system used to collect spatial data?
A. Levels
B. Theodolite
C. Total station
D. Sputnik
ANSWER: D
Which one is not commercial marketplace of GNSS segment?
A. The government usually bears any development risk
B. The market size varies smoothly with supply and demand
C. The seller bears the development risk
D. There are many buyers and competitors for market share.
ANSWER: A
One is false about frequency bands used by Radio Determination Satellite Service
A. Central station to satellite(65256541.5MHz)
B. Satellite to Central station(51505200GHz)
C. Satellite to user (2483.52500MHz)
D. User to satellite(16101626.5MHz)
ANSWER: B

For collecting the coordinates of an object, at minimum, how many GPS satellites
are required?
A. 4
B. 8
C. 24
D. 31
ANSWER: A
Which one is a GNSS segment used to transmit radio-navigation signals?
A. Space
B. Control
C. User
D. Augmentation
ANSWER: A
Of types of Aerial photographs (related to camera angle), which one includes, the
images of horizon.
A. Low oblique Aerial photograph.
B. Vertical Aerial photograph.
C. High oblique Aerial photograph.
D. Horizontal Aerial photograph.
ANSWER: C

In which generations, the motto of analytical photogrammetry has begun?

A. First generation.
B. Digital generation.
C. Third generation.
D. Second generation
ANSWER:C
Of black and white film processing procedures, which one neutralizes the alkaline
developer solution, by stopping the development process?
A. Developing.
B. Washing.
C. Fixing.
D. Stop Bath.
ANSWER:D
From the basic types of Aerials Cameras, which one provides extremely high
geometric image quality?
A. Multi-lens frame camera.
B. Single- Lens Camera.
C. Non-film cameras.
D. Film cameras.
ANSWER: B

One of the following is not expresses Aerial Photo Scale. Which is it?
A. Ground Resolution Distance (GRD) = (Resporical of Image Scale)/(System
Resolution )
B. Aerial Photo Scale = (Camera focal length)/(flying height above terrain)
C. Aerial Photo Scale = (phot distance)/(Ground distance)
D. A and B
ANSWER: A
Success in image interpretation varies with _______.
A. Nature of the objects being interpreted.
B. Training and experience of the interpreter.
C. Quality of the images being utilized.
D. All.
ANSWER: D
Which is true about relief displacement?
A. Relief displacement increases with decreasing heights of features.
B. Relief displacement decreases with increasing heights of features.
C. Relief displacement increases with increasing heights of features
D. Relief displacement increases with increasing heights of features and with
decreasing distances from the nadir.
ANSWER: C

Which of the following is mismatched about the functions associated with raster
cartographic modeling?
A. Local functions - Each cell is processed only based on its own values without
reference to the values of other cells.
B. Global Functions - Per-cell functions, process a grid on a cell-by-cell basis
C. Focal Functions - Process cell data depending on the values of neighboring
cells.
D. Zonal Functions - The data of a grid cell of the same zone is analyzed as a
group.
ANSWER: B
One of the following is false about Decision Support System in GIS using multi-
criteria decision making, which one?
A. Decision theory is concerned with the logic by which one arrives at a choice
between alternatives.
B. Decision frame is set of the alternatives.
C. A base for decision is called criterion.
D. Constraint enhances the suitability of a specific alternative for the
activity under consideration.
ANSWER: D
The transformation of the earth’s surface to a flat surface is inherently not
perfect and causes distortion to shape, area, distance, or direction, depending on
the projection. Accordingly, which of the following projection is correctly matched
with the area they preserve?
A. Conformal projections – preserve distance
B. Equidistant projections – preserve shape
C. Azimuthal projections – preserve direction
D. Equal-area projections – preserve distance
ANSWER: C

Which of the following is a process to find the mathematical representation of the

location of a geographic feature, so as feature can be mapped and spatially
analyzed on geographic information systems?
A. Geocoding
B. Editing Annotation
C. Data editing
D. Parcel Fabric
ANSWER: A
Which of the following alternative properly define topology in GIS?
A. Topology can be used to describe particular features or add general
information to the map.
B. Topology stores a continuous surface of connected parcels or parcel network.
C. Topology is a process to find the mathematical representation of the location
of a geographic feature
D. Topology is defined as the spatial relationships between connecting or
adjacent features (represented as points, lines and polygons).
ANSWER: D
Which of the following is the correct sequential order for DEM Manipulation using
Terrain Preprocessing tool in Arc Hydro tools?
A. Assign Stream -- Build Walls -- Level DEM – DEM Reconditioning
B. Build Walls -- Assign Stream -- DEM Reconditioning -- Level DEM
C. Level DEM -- DEM Reconditioning -- Build Walls -- Assign Stream
D. DEM Reconditioning -- Build Walls -- Assign Stream -- Level DEM
ANSWER: C
Which of the following task is not terrain Morphology menu function?
A. Drainage Area Characterization
B. Depression evaluation
C. Drainage Boundary Definition
D. Drainage Connectivity Characterization
ANSWER: B
Which of the following GIS Architecture/Work Flow is well sequenced?
A. Capture data, Store data, Query data, Analyze data, Display data, Present data
B. Capture data, Query data, Store data, Analyze data, Display data, Present data
C. Query data, Capture data, Store data, Analyze data, Display data, Present data
D. Capture data, Query data, Store data, Analyze data, Present data, Display data
ANSWER: A
Which of the following components of GIS is odd?
A. digitizer
B. Printers
C. Plotters
D. ArcGIS
E. None
ANSWER: D

Among of GIS components which one is used for analyzing the spatial data?
A. Hardware
B. Software
C. Method
D. People
E. Data
ANSWER:B
Which activity should take place first in GIS data processing?
A. Digitizing
B. Georeference
C. Scanning
D. Edge matching
ANSWER:B
Which of the following is the primary data source in GIS?
A. GPS
B. Toposheet
C. Satellite
D. published document
ANSWER: A
One of the following is not a data entry method in GIS.
A. Key board
B. Toposheet
C. Digitizing
D. Scanning
ANSWER: B
Assume that you are hired by some organization to measure Sorga Lake quality, and
you have measured the chemical content of the lake such as; Na, Ca, Mg, and Ph at a
given sample interval. What GIS analysis function is used for measuring the quality
of the whole lake (generating continuous surface) based on the measured value of
chemical content of the lake measured at sampled intervals?
A. Geo-statistical
B. Overlay
C. Classification
D. Network
E. None
ANSWER: A
________is the discipline of land surveying that relates to the laws of land
ownership and the definition of property boundaries.
A. Land development.
B. Land administration.
C. Land information system.
D. Cadastral surveying.
ANSWER:D
Which is not land administration functions component?
A. Juridical
B. Regulatory
C. Economic
D. All.
E. None
ANSWER: E

Which one is the involvement of cadastral surveying?

A. The determination of the boundaries on the ground.
B. The survey of the boundaries.
C. The demarcation of the boundaries.
D. All.
ANSWER:D
Of the three types of cadastres, which one supports all Land Administration System
(LAS) processes?
A. Multipurpose cadastre.
B. Legal cadastre.
C. Fiscal cadastre.
D. All
ANSWER:A
Why land registration answers the question who? Because
A. It is parcel-based.
B. It is owner-based.
C. It is boundaries.
D. All
ANSWER:B
From the two basic types of land registration component of the cadastre, which one
records a particular transaction?
A. Title system.
B. Deed system.
C. A and B
D. All.
ANSWER:B
__________ focuses on the land parcel and registers properties by presenting what
is owned by whom.
A. Title system.
B. Deed system.
C. A and B
D. All
ANSWER: A
_________ is an essential prospect for social and economic resilience of citizen.
A. Land entitlement.
B. Land registration system.
C. Cadastral surveying.
D. All
ANSWER: A
One is the dimensions of land fragmentation.
A. Legal aspect.
B. Spatial aspect.
C. Physical aspect
D. All
ANSWER:D
Which one is not true about science of geodesy?
A. Determining size and shape of the earth.
B. Defining and quantifying gravity field of earth.
C. Defining reference frames and coordinate systems
D. Compute trajectories of satellites
ANSWER:D
One is an instrument for measuring angles with specific observational methods.
A. Theodolite
B. Leveling
C. GNSS
D. GIS
ANSWER: A

One is better to determine the shape of the Earth and its external gravity field.
A. Ellipsoidal Geodesy
B. Geometric Geodesy
C. Dynamic Geodesy
D. Space Geodesy
ANSWER: A
Except one all are space geodetic techniques that can provide 3-D coordinates.
A. GNSS
B. DORIS
C. SLR
D. EDM
ANSWER:D

One is wrong about map scale generation from 1;1000000 map scale of the world
A. The regular grid of the IMW developed, consists of: 4° high by 6° wide
B. Size of 1:200,000 map sheet is 1° by 1°.
C. The size of 1:100,000 map sheet is 30' by 30.
D. One of the names of the 1:200,000 map sheets is 0938D4
AMSWER:D
_________Is a method used for accurate determination of height difference between
two points.
A. Leveling
B. Steel Tape
C. Theodolite
D. Total station
ANSWER: A
_______ is the process of measuring distances and calculating bearings
A. Triangulation
B. Trilateration
C. Traversing
D. Triangulateration
ANSWER: B
______________ is a process of selecting information by asking logical questions.

A. Spatial query
B. Attribute query
C. Find and replace tool
D. Join and relate
Answer: B
Which one the following is not basic Vector-based analysis overlay tool set?

A. Extract by mask
B. Erase
C. Intersect
D. Identity
Answer: A

From the four main areas in the tool dialog box that are used to create a Map
Algebra expression which one is allow you to enter numeric values into the
expression?

A. Layers and variables

B. Expression
C. Calculator buttons
D. Tools
Answer: C
From the following advanced spatial analysis, one is used to finds the path with
the minimum cumulative impedance between nodes on a network.
A. Cost-distance analysis
B. Shortest path analysis
C. Neighborhood operation
D. Spatial interpolation
ANSWER: B
Which type of GIS model uses logical expressions to select spatial features from
composite feature layers or multiple grids?
A. Binary model
B. Regression model
C. Index model
D. Process model
ANSWER: A
From the following one is not true about TIN (Triangulated Irregular Networks)
A. It is a vector-based model that represents a continuous surface
B. The areas of all triangles across the representing terrains are the same
C. It is made up of non-overlapping triangle (3-verteces)
D. The inclination of the terrain is assumed to be constant within each triangle
ANSWER: B
What are the steps to be follow in order to develop modeling process in GIS?
A. Break down the model into elements >> define the goals of the model >>
implementation and calibration of the model >> Validate the model
B. Define the goals of the model >> break down the model into elements >>
implementation and calibration of the model >> Validate the model
C. Implementation and calibration of the model >>define the goals of the model
>> break down the model into elements >> Validate the model
D. Define the goals of the model >> implementation and calibration of the model
>> break down the model into elements >> Validate the model
ANSWER: B
Which of the following DBMS is not used in the GIS environment because it cannot
establish complex relationships between the data?
A. Relational DBMS
B. Network DBMS
C. Object-oriented DBMS
D. Hierarchal DBMS
ANSWER: B
______Is a set of connected edges and junctions, along with connectivity rules,
that are used to represent and model the behavior of a common network
infrastructure in the real world.
A. Topology
B. feature data sets
C. feature Classes
D. Geometric network
ANSWER: D
Which ArcGIS geo-database property is used to improve spatial query performance on
feature classes?
A. Domain
B. Spatial references
C. Spatial indexes
D. Configuration keywords
ANSWER:C

_____________represents Esri's open mechanism for information interchange between

geo-databases and other external systems.
A. Extract Data wizard.
B. geodatabase Record Set document
C. geodatabase XML workspaces
D. none
ANSWER: C
___________support version-based workflows such as geo-database replication and
archiving that are not supported with other geo-database types.
A. file geo-database
B. Arc-SDE geo-databases
C. personal geo-database
D. all
ANSWER: B
_______ are collections of features with the same type of feature geometry and
attribute.
A. feature class
B. feature data set
C. Subtype
D. domain
ANSWER: A
________is a collection of rules and relationships that, coupled with a set of
editing tools and techniques, enables the geo-database to more accurately model
geometric relationships found in the world.
A. A Topology
B. feature data sets
C. feature Classes
D. object classes
ANSWER: A
From the following one is referring to the outgrowth of urban areas caused by
uncontrolled, uncoordinated and unplanned growth.
A. Urban development
B. Urban ecosystem
C. Urban sprawl
D. Urban geography
ANSWER: C

Which of the following integration architecture that link planning model with GIS
through writing programs within the GIS environment and avoiding explicit of data
transfer between software packages
A. Tightly-coupled
B. Loosely-coupled
C. Fully-integrated
D. Planning model
ANSWER: A
A city may be planned with exclusive zoning guidelines; means separate land use
policies; and this separation zoning created isolated islands of each type of
development and it causes urban sprawl. What is the reason for such urban sprawl?
A. Population growth
B. Housing investment
C. Lack of proper planning policy
D. Industrialization
ANSWER: C
Assume that you are working in urban planning organization and you are requested to
analysis urban growth/sprawl between ten years using remote sensing data; so, what
type of resolution you will consider to do this?
A. Spatial resolution
B. Temporal resolution
C. Radiometric resolution
D. Spectral resolution
ANSWER: B
From the following one is not the consequence of urban sprawl
A. Inflated Infrastructure and Public Service Costs
B. Increase in Temperature
C. Lack of Proper Planning Policies
D. Impacts on Water Quality and Quantity
ANSWER: C

Which of the following satellites is provided detailed information for the

development of sustainable urban area planning?
A. A World-View
B. MODIS
C. AVHRR
D. Landsat
ANSWER: A
Satellite data are application specific. To gather information about the historical
status and present status of the urban expansion, which satellite data, is the most
appropriate?
A. Landsat
B. Sentinel
C. SPOT
D. Worldview
ANSWER: A
Which band of Radar sensing system is primarily designed to penetrate in forest
canopy
and detect stem - ground interaction?

A. K – band
B. C – band
C. L and P – bands
D. X - band

ANSWER: C
From the following alternatives one is false about the use of remote sensor for
forest resource assessment, which one?
A. Thermal remote sensing is used in the detection, study, and management of
biomass burning occurring in open vegetation fires.
B. LiDAR is used for depicting forest stand structures (the vertical and
horizontal profiles of trees) and other forest inventory variables.
C. Multispectral imagery Optical remote sensing can successfully measure the
vertical structure of forests.
D. Hyperspectral data which have abundant spectral content have potential to
measure the complex forest ecosystems and identification of individual tree species
along with fine spectral and spatial details.
ANSWER: C

From the following information requirements for forest resources management which
one deals with survey of the location, composition, and distribution of forest
resources?

A. Forest compartment
B. Forest boundary
C. Forest inventory summary
D. Forest types/stratification

ANSWER: C
Of the following options which one is forest biomass estimation approach?
A. Biomass estimates at individual level
B. Biomass estimate at stand level
C. Large-scale biomass estimate
D. All
ANSWER: D
Which statement is correct about forest fire?
A. Forest fire is one of the major global environmental issues, causing
havoc(disaster)
B. Forest Fires are caused due to natural and man-made reasons
C. Fire detection and monitoring can be done by satellite-sensor systems like:
NOAA AVHRR, DMSP OLS, Terra-MODIS, Landsat TM, and SPOT-HRV/HVIR.
D. All of the above are correct
ANSWER: D

The components of the Forest Management Information System include:

A. Monitoring Information System (MIS)
B. Geographic Information System (GIS)
C. Image Processing System
D. All
ANSWER: D
Of the following, national and global mapping initiatives may not include one.
Which one is it?
A. Global Forest cover Watch
B. ISO 19115: Geographic information – metadata
C. Open Geospatial Consortium
D. Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
ANSWER: A
Why the watershed management approach is appropriate means of natural resource
management
A. Water is followed from upstream to downstream
B. Soil erosion is not followed from downstream to upstream
C. Degradation of upstream is cause for fragile downstream
D. To protect agroecology of the up and downstream
Answer: C
The main object of watershed management is
A. To improve the living standard of the upstream community
B. Using the watershed for irrigation purposes
C. To develop more than one resource at a time
D. To increase the influence of natural and manmade deathtraps
Answer: C

If you are assigned to perform irrigation suitability analysis for Anger watershed,
which GIS function is appropriate to compute suitability analysis

A. Neighborhood function
B. Measurement function
C. Network function
D. Overlay function

Answer: D
From the Remote Sensing data resolution which one is used to identify the status of
healthy and unhealthy crops?

A. Spatial resolution
B. Radiometric resolution
C. spectral resolution
D. Temporal resolution
Answer: C
Which multispectral image bands are suggested to assess crop conditions
information?

A. Microwave band
B. Near Infrared band
C. Mid Infrared band
D. Panchromatic band
Answer: B

Know day agriculture sustainability and productivity is a key issues worldwide as

it's expected to feed 8 billion people, in another side climate change and land
degradation are challenging, to overcome this and achieve Agriculture
sustainability what activity should be performed at different scales and stack
holders?

A. Use advanced technology

B. Use natural resources effectively
C. Use one land for more than one purpose
D. Apply effective watershed management
Answer: D

To say one geographic area is suitable for agriculture or not, what criteria is
needed to be fulfilled

A. Availability and proximity of the river

B. Availability of road and town
C. Availability of fertile soil
D. The intersection of stated criteria
Answer: D
Suppose that the Oromia Agricultural office went to study the drought status of the
Borana zone, which satellite is mostly recommended to be used

A. SPOT -XS
B. MODIS -TERRA
C. AVHRR
D. ASTER -TERRA
Answer: B

From the following one is used to develop a set of standards and specifications for
how spatial data is accessed and distributed.

A. HTTP
B. GML
C. ISO
D. OGC
Answer: D
QGIS is among the Open-source GIS software with different functionality like
plugins, what is the role of plugins in QGIS

A. Displaying Geodata
B. Creating maps
C. Adding new functions
D. Perform complex process
Answer: C

Of the following one is correct about the principle of open-source GIS

A. License Must Be Specific to a Product
B. The freedom to run the program, for any purpose
C. Discrimination Against Fields of Study
D. No Integrity of The Author's Source Code
Answer: B

What does it indicate when we say in Distributed GIS, the function of client and
server are integrated computing systems?
A. The system is platform dependent
B. The system is application dependent
C. The client can only request service from the server and the server can only
provide service
D. Any computer could be both a server if it provides service and a client if it
requests service
Answer: D
The reason recently the distributed GIS is most popularly used worldwide is due to
its:

A. License is free of cost

B. It is user-friendly, more suitable for newbies in geospatial analysis
C. Allow Desktop data analysis
D. Provide information portable
Answer: D
In Internet GIS Interoperability implies:
A. Ubiquitous GIServices
B. Flexible data approach between geodata and metadata scheme
C. System cooperation process
D. Reusability and compatibility of GIS software
Answer: C

From the following one is the most spatial database used for spatial data storage
and to perform spatial Query

A. XML
B. GML
C. Post GIS
D. Open GIS
Answer: C
Which one is the basic requirement for the implementation of open-source GIS in
organizations?
A. Internet connection
B. Software
C. Users
D. Task and computing system
Answer: A