KINGDOM OF S A U D I A R A B I A

ROYAL COMMISSION FOR J U B A I L AND YANBU

DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR YANBU PROJECT
E N G I N E E R I N G DEPARTMENT
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE S E C T I O N

RFCBFATION AlD IA N W
GUIDELINES

VOLUME I: T H E MASTER PLAN REPORT

MADINAT YANBU A L - S I N A I Y A H
The Parks, Recreation and Landscape Guidelines contains two volunes. This i s
Volune I , entitled the Master Plan Report. Volume I I i s entitled The Landscape
Des ign Manua I .
 PREFACE

Madinat Yanbu Al-Sinaiyah (MYAS) i s a new industrial c i t y being b u i l t i n the Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia.

MYAS has an unequalled natural environmental location, situated on the Red Sea coastline, cooled
by sea breezes and adjacent t o mangroves and coral reefs. The f l a t coastal plain quickly yields
t o the Hejaz Mountains, which s t r i k e a rugged s i lhouette t o the east.

With careful planning and forethought, the c i t y w i l l benefit enormously from the coastal
location with i t s r i c h b i r d l i f e , magnificent coral reef habitat and the huge potential for
coastal recreation. The Royal Comnission feels that i t i s inportant not only t o conserve these
wonderful natural resources, but t o further enhance them by creating a c i t y of green spaces, a
she1tered e n v i r o m n t where w i I d l ife and exotic plants can flourish, protected from the severe
desert cond it ions.
I t was with t h i s view toward realizing a green c i t y whose inhabitants enjoy t h e i r leisure time
i n a cool, tree-shaded environment i n harmony with the existing r i c h coastal w i l d l i f e , that was
the primary goal for developing the Landscape Master Plan.

A landscape concept has been developed, embodying treatment of the various land use areas within
the c i t y and drawing them together t o a harmonious whole. Particular emphasis has been placed on
the c m n i t y residential area where a detai led landscape open space structure has been proposed
t o accomno- date an expansive range of parks and recreational fac i l it ies.

The landscape planning process carefully evaluated the natural habitats and ecological values of
the s i t e together with physical and planning pressures i n order t o balance the constraints and
opportunities and o f f e r a plan for public open space landscape development which would achieve
the realization o f the Royal Comnission's goals.

Success i n town design i s not achieved e n t i r e l y by creating the best architectural standards or
most e f f i c i e n t road system. A satisfactory relationship has t o be established between the form
of the land and the constructions erected upon it. In the detailed development of the c i t y , i t
i s landscape planning and design which provides unity and the contrast to the bui lding groups
with the careful use of water, plants and other landscape features.

It i s important t o understand the term "the landscape" as general l y referring t o a l l elements

that comprise man's b u i l t environmental setting and not t o plants only. Landscape planning and
design encompass the broad integration of conservation, the use of natural resources and
i nnunerable landscape features and accessories into the c i t y . Landscape planning and design also
include defining the c i t y ' s relationship with the existing natural environmental context.

This document - The Parks, Recreation and Landscape Guidelines, i d e n t i f i e s the goals,
objectives, concepts and pol icies necessary for developing a l l open space areas for MYAS, and
guides t h e i r implementation.

This document consists of two volunes:

Volume I - TheMaster Plan Report

Vol ume I I - The Landscape Design Manua l
The Master Plan Report i s a rational approach for the landscape developnent o f MYAS based on the
unique existing natural and manmede features o f the site. It includes a sumnary of a l l previous
landscape planning and design work. It includes the Landscape Master Plan which identifies the
landscape land use categories. It also provides e x p l i c i t conceptual direction for future
landscape developnent o f s i t e design i n adherence t o the Landscape Master Plan.

This Parks, Recreation and Landscape Guidel ines document should be u t i l ized i n conjunct ion with
the C m n i t y Development Manual, Zoning Regulations, Subdivision Regulations and General Design
C r i t e r i a and Technical Guidelines for Madinat Yanbu Al-Sinaiyah.
The Master Plan Report

Volume I
 VOL. I
TABLE OF CONTENTS

-
PAGE

SECTION I - LANDSCAPE DEVELOPMENT

1.1 INTRODUCTION

1.2 EXISTING CONDITIONS

1.2.1 Original S i t i n g
1.2.2 1977 Master Plan
1.2.3 1980 Urban Design Study
1.2.4 1983 Landscape Developrent Plan
1.2.5 The 1987 Landscape

1 .3 LANDSCAPE MASTER PLAN

1.3.1 The Royal Comnission's Goals

1.3.2 LandscapePlantingandlrrigation-APracticalBasis
1 .3.3 Concept
1 .3.4 Concept Deve lopment

1.4 IRRIGATION

1.4.1 Introduction
1.4.2 Policy
1.4.3 Impact
1.4.4 TSE A l location
1.4.5 I r r i g a t i o n Systems
1.4.6 TSE Quality

SECTION 2 - LAND USE FOR LANDSCAPE OPEN SPACE

2.1 Introduction

2.1.1 Implementat ion Strategy

2.1.2 RecreationFacilityStandardsandLandUseDistribution

2.2 WBL lC OPEN SPACE, PARKS AND RECREAT ION FAC l L l T l ES

2.2.1 Greenbe It
2.2.2 Greenbelt Parks
2.2.3 Haii Parks
2.2.4 Greenways
2.2.5 Othercategories

Greenbelt Opportunities
Coastal Greenbelt Park Opportunities
Landward Greenbelt Park Oppor tun it i e s
Hai i Opportunities
SECTION 3 - IMPLEMENTATION

INTRODUCTION

POLICIES

Road Landscaping
Ha ii Open Space Landscaping
Greenbelt Landscaping

3.3 CONCERNS

Horticultural Developnent
Pr i vate Sector Deve lopnent
Reduct ion of Ava i lable Coasta l Edge
Establ ishment o f Recreation and Tourism Image
Use o f Conservation Areas
Use o f Recreation Fac i l it i e s
Cost o f Landscape Maintenance

3.4 CONCLUSION

SECTION 4 - DEF lNl TlONS AND REFERENCES

4.1 GLOSSARY
4.2 LIST OF REFERENCES

SECTION 5 - APPENDICES
5.1 ENV lRONMENTAL INTERPRETATION - SYNOPS lS
5.2 TREATED SEWAGE EFFLUENT (TSE). WAL ITY STANDARDS
5.3 TSE IRRIGATIONWATERALLOCATIONS
5.4 NATIVE PLANT PROGRAM
5.5 LANDSCAPE MA lNTENANCE GU IDEL INES
 L I S T OF FIGURES

-
T lTLE -
PAGE

Location of Yanbu
1977 Master Plan
1977 Master Plan - Cmnity
1980 Urban Design Study - C m n i t y
1983 Landscape Development Plan - C m n i t y
1987 Landscape Master Plan
1987 Ex isting Landscape Development -C m n it y
Genera l Landscape PIant ing Concept
Landscape Development Concept Reference Poi nts
MYAS Mangrove Colony on the Red Sea Coast l ine
Urban Fabric Hierarchies Plan
Haii Fahd - The City Center
C it y Ceremon ia l Roads
C m n i t y Primary Roads
lndustr ia l and Out ly ing Roads
MYAS Ha i i Greenway
C m n i t y Greenuay System Plan
MYAS Associated Park Areas Plan
Greenbelt Park System Plan
Treated Swage Effluent (TSE) Allocations
Recreation Fac i I it y Standards
Distribution of Public Parks and Recreation Faci l i t i e s by Hai i
Distribution of Major Private Sector Recreation F a c i l i t i e s by Haii
Coasta I Greenbelt Parks
Landward Greenbelt Parks
Buffer D i s t r i c t s Plan
Sumnary of TSE A l locations by Areas for MYAS
MYAS Proposed Nat ive Plant Program
 SECTION 1
LANDSCAPE DEVELOPMENT

1.1 INTRODUCTION
From the very beginning, Royal Cannission has been concerned that the developnent o f t h i s major
new residential camunity and industrial complex should not lose sight o f t h e i r primary ambition
for a green city; a c i t y where people could enjoy the shade and peace o f parks and gardens, with
wide tree-l ined walks and plazas; a c i t y where the r i c h w i l d l i f e of reef and mangrove i s
respected, protected and nurtured for the enjoyment o f a l I.

The developnent o f the Landscape Master Plan for Madinat Yanbu Al-Sinai yah has proceeded touards
that goal fran a series o f planning and design studies, completed over the past 10 years and
surmarized i n the following section:

1.2 E X I S T I N G CONDITI0,NS
1.2.1 ORIGINAL SITING: The new town was identified t o provide an o i l port alternative t o
existing Gulf ports and an industrial complex based on o i l and other natural resources.
See Figure 1.1.1. The primary s i t i n g consideration was the provision o f a natural
deepwater port with a minimal disturbance t o existing Red Sea coral reefs.

1 MADINAT YANBU AL-SINAIYAH

LOCATION OF YANBU

Figure 1.1.1
 The Red Sea coral reefs along the coast o f Saudi Arabia contain marine l if e ecosystems of
international significance. These reefs have been protected i n the neu town by studious
developnent of infrastructure systems that reduce t o an absolute minimum discharges t o
the Red Sea that may have adulterating impacts on the reef ecosystem and by establishing
conservation areas t o protect the best o f the reef areas from any encroachment whatsoever.

1.2.2 1917 MSTER PLAN: The 1977 Master Plan dispositioned the c i t y ' s elements, The best
natural deep water port location having been set, the power and desalination plant, the
sanitary sewage treatment plant and the industrial wastewater treatment plant were then
centrally sited so that the resulting u t i l i t y infrastructure for the c i t y would be a
t r u l y balanced system.

The comnunity was then located along the coastal edge have the richest natural and
inherent urban design opportunities. More importantly, the c m n i t y was located t o the
windward side o f the industrial complex which was i t s e l f then encircled with protective
buffer d i s t r i c t s .

Airport
MADINAT YANBU AL-SINAIYAH

1977 MASTER PLAN

Industry
Figure 1.1.2
Port

Figure 1.1.2
 The 1977 Master Plan identified nunerous objectives, however, the following four were
speci f ical ly inportant t o the approach t o landscape d e v e l o p n t for the new town:

I. [Link] the effects of the harsh climate.

2. Use the natural features of the sea and coastline.
3. Provide adaptabi l i t y t o future needs.
4. Provideguidelines for d e v e l o p n t by the Royal Carmission and privatedevelopers.

The 1977 Master Plan for UYAS determined that the c m n i t y would be surrounded by a
greenbelt of buffer zones, coastal reserves and recreational parks. The plan also
directed a general ized hierarchy of open spaces t o serve the comnuni ty, the definition of
urban edges, entry identification and coastal recreation developnt.

Major open space

MADINAT YANBU AL-SINAIYAH
Minor open space
Buffer zonea -
1977 MASTER PLAN COMMUNITY
Coastal reserves
Figure 1.1.3

Figure 1.1.3

1.2.3 1980 URBAN DESIGN STUDY: The 1980 Urban Design Study elaborated i n detail upon the
camunity carponent of the 1977 Master Plan. The detai l d e v e l o p n t of the comnunity
urban plan was f u l l y based upon Islamic and Saudi traditional and emerging values. The
coastline was reconfigured so that the c i t y center and main mosque would physically be
the heart of the camunity with the urban fabric radiating out from and back t o the c i t y
center i n a l l directions. The importance of the sea and the coast l ine were s t i l l
retained as an integral feature of the c i t y center.
 The greenbelt surrounding the comnunity was reemphasized and a network of continuous
'green uedges' w s recarmended t o provide an alternative landscaped recreation
circulation system throughout the residential areas. An additional recreation or holiday
c m n i t y marina was recarmended a long the coast t o the north of the c m n i t y .

MADINAT YANBU AL-SINAIYAH

-
1980 URBAN DESIGN STUDY COMMUNITY

Figure 1.1.4

Figure 1.1.4

1.2.4 1983 LANDSCAPE DEVELOPMENT PLAN: The 1983 Landscape Deve l o p n t Plan strengthened the
approach t o natural env irormenta l preservation and protect ion. It proposed a deta i led
range o f landscape appl ications throughout the e n t i r e c i t y . It addressed the detai led
allocation o f i r r i g a t i o n water resources so that while the comnunity was the landscaped
focal point of the city, the rest of the industrial and outlying areas would also be able
t o portray a green image.

The Landscape D e v e l o p n t Plan reaffirmed the regional and Kingdom wide recreational r o l e
for the new town by formalizing the elements of the greenbelt.
 MADINAT YANBU AL-SINAIYAH

1983 LANDSCAPE DEVELOPMENT PLAN

COMMUNITY
-
Figure 1.1.5

Figure 1.1.5

1.2.5 THE 1987 LANDSCAPE: F l e x i b i l i t y and guidelines for development were key objectives of
the 1977 Master Plan. As the new town has grown, f l e x i b i l i t y i n the planning approach
has been achieved. The guidel ines are essential t o assure the Royal Comnission's goals
.are met despite the varying conditions requiring f l e x i b i l i t y .

The Landscape Master Plan, described i n the following pages, provides the detai l
canponents o f the entire parks, recreation and landscape development for the e n t i r e c i t y
as it has evolved through i t s f i r s t 10 years o f growth. The companion volume e n t i t l e d
the Landscape Design Manual provides the design requirements and guidel ines that u i l l
enable the Royal C m i s s i o n t o achieve i t s primary goal.
f \

Makhan

\ J
Community haiis
MADINAT YANBU AL-SINAIYAH
Community greenbelt

Industrial and outlying areas 1987 LANDSCAPE MASTER PLAN

Figure 1.1.6
cdnservation areas

L J
Built or under construction
MADINAT YANBU AL-SINAIYAH
Design complete
1987 EXISTING LANDSCAPE DEVELOPMENT -
Design to be completed COMMUNITY
Figure 1.1.7
 1.3 LANDSCAPE MASTER PLAN
This present document, the Parks, Recreation and Landscape Guidel ines updates and further
develops a l l the previous landscape and open space studies.

1.3.1 THE ROYAL COMISSION'S GOALS:

A. To present a green image t o the c i t y i n a netowrk of landscaped corridors and spaces

accarmodating the c ity's roads, pedestrian routes and recreat iona l open space.

B. To establish a greenbelt around the comnunity which would identify the edge o f the
camrrni ty, accannodate major c m n i t y and regional recreational parks and buffer against
the desert e n v i r o m n t and industrial developnent .
C. To safeguard valuable e n v i r o m n t a l resources by conserving the r i c h ecological diversity
o f existing natural habitats.

1.3.2 LANDSCAPE PLANTING AMD IRRIGATION - PRACTICAL BASIS: The landscape planting, proposed i n
the Landscape Master Plan, i s supported and limited primari l y by the supply o f landscape
i r r i g a t i o n water generated as t e r t i a r y treated seuage effluent from the sewage treatment
plant. Careful a l locat ion o f t h i s resource enables the establ ishment o f the green image
for the entire c i t y based upon a Iouer density o f planting from the edges and industrial
areas of the c i t y gradual ly increasing t o the camrrni t y where the most dense and most
lush planting occurs.

f 3

M8bhah

L 1
m Leas dense planting with
water conservative plants MADINAT YANBU AL-SINAIYAH

Denser, lusher planting

GENERAL LANDSCAPE PLANTING CONCEPT
Figure 1.1.8
1.3.3 CONCEPT: The Royal Carmission's goals have quite l i t e r a l l y evolved into the landscape
pol i c ies around which the landscape planning and conceptual design have been developed.

A. BASIC POLICIES: I n order t o provide a green c i t y , a network o f open space had t o be

developed. With the open space establ ished, how much planting where and by whom had t o
be answered. Limited water resources control led how much planting. Where the planting
occurs i s the detailed subject matter o f t h i s sub-section 1.3.3 and the following
sub-section 1.3.4. By whom was concluded by Royal Comnission policy identifying two
categories i n the c i t y open space network.

I. Private Open Space: The landscape development and maintenance for a l l private open
space i n MYAS w i l l be the responsibility of the private owner. I r r i g a t i o n w i l l be
by potable water. See pol icy i n sub-section 1.4.2. Landscape design guide1 ines are
found i n the Parks, Recreation and Landscape Guidelines, volume II, e n t i t l e d The
Landscape Design Manua I.

2. Public Open Space: The landscape development and maintenance for a l l pub1 i c open
space w i l l be the responsibility of the Royal Comnission and the Municipality.
I r r i g a t i o n w i l l be primari l y by TSE. See policy i n sub-section 1.4.2. The concepts
and conceptual structure are given i n the following sub-sections. Specific
landscape design requirements are found i n the Parks, Recreation and Landscape
Guidelines, Volume II, e n t i t l e d the Landscape Design Manual.

B. INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX: The Oi I Port and the l ndustr i a l Complex are the reasons for the new
c i t y and visual ly they are the dominant features i n the landscape. They are super-scale
industrial elements that have no practical reason t o be footdressed t o provide a green
image. Their industrial image i s j u s t as strong and formidable i n i t s own r i g h t as the
desert i t s e l f and they are a l l a t t h e i r best when honestly treated. The landscaping
e f f o r t i s therefore focused on the c m n i t y with i t s diverse and h m n scale urban
fabric.

C. URBAN FABRIC AND PUBLIC OPEN SPACE: The urban fabric i s a metaphorical description of
the c m n i t y as a portion of the c i t y . It reflects the h m n scale and importance o f
the c m n i t y as the residential and comnercial heart of the c i t y .

Urban fabric includes public and private open space and b u i l t physical units. While
there w i l l be a substantial amount of private b u i l t physical units, the open space w i l l
be predominantly public. It i s i n the public open space that the green imageof t h e c i t y
w i l l be generated.

- Public open space includes three primary networks or systems: vehicular rights-of-way,
pedestrian rights-of-uay and parks. Other components of pub1 i c open space include
conservation areas, buffer d i s t r i c t s and the marginal landscape.

D. LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE

I. Landscape structure i s the planned and guided development and organization of

landscaping so that the pub1 i c open space becomes a logical, hierarchical system
that i s a coherent and recognizable feature.

2. The camunity landscape structure i s an intense hierarchical development o t

landscape systems and networks that begins a t the greenbelt edge and intensifies
into mini-cl imaxes a t the centers of each hara and hai i, reaching i t s major climax
a t the c i t y center.
 3. There i s also a c i t y w i d e landscape structure. Just as the c m n i t y landscape
structure thins out a t the greenbelt, the c i t y w i d e landscape structure general Iy
continues the thinning out through the industrial c i t y where a marginal landscape
treatment diffuses into the natural e n v i r o m n t .

4. The landscape structure should provide interest, variety unity, order, identity and
meaning and, therefore, meet the social, psychological and physical needs of the
residents and v i s i t o r s i n the comnunity.

5. The qua1 i t y o f the landscape structure w i I I be greatly influenced by outdoor spatial

definitions and relationships developed by the location of landscape elements i n
r e l a t i o n t o the bui It physical units and networks o f the urban fabric.

6. The landscape structure i s created by the carefully designed arrangement of

landscape elements.

E. LANDSCAPE ELEHENTS: Landscapingmeans t h e c o l l e c t i v e a c t i v i t i e s , featuresandaccessories

that turn a part o f the landscape into a pleasant outdoor place suitable for gathering,
enjolyment, learning and recreation. Landscape elements are those elements that are added
t o the landscape t o make it so. They include natural e n v i r o m n t a l features, plants,
sculpture, water features, paving, l ighting, s i t e furnishings and other accessories.

F. REFERENCE POINTS: The reference points are the dominant images i n the MYAS carmuni ty.
They are the features and inherent character found i n the Red Sea coastline, the
fundamental elements o f the urban fabric and the Hai i Fahd c i t y center. They are the
conceptual base1 ine for the developnent of a landscape structure that has recognizable
organization, obvious character and shared meaning.

Urban fabric
MADINAT YANBU AL-SINAIYAH

-1
0 City center (Symbolic)

Coastline
LANDSCAPE DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT
REFERENCE POINTS
Figure 1.1.9
These s i t e specific reference points should serve as the determinants and basis for the
planning o f concepts both now and for the future. Continued s e n s i t i v i t y t o these
reference points and their preservation w i l l insure a greater qua1 it y o f l i f e i n the
camuni ty.

I. The Red Sea Coastline: The character and attraction of the coastline i s the
dominating force that has set the pace and s p i r i t of the planning and design o f the
camunity. I t s dominant images and qualities include:

(a) The source o f water and food for the preservation o f l ife.

(b) The historical and social denotations and connotat ions of water-related
a c t i v i t y connected with c m r c e , travel, industry, econanic developnent and
recreation from present t o ancient times.

(c) The ameliorating influence on climatic conditions.

(d) The beauty and interest o f the natural w i l d l i f e habitats, and their unique
ecological interrelationships t o other local, regional and intercontinental
natural enviromnts,

(e) The unique interface and a c t i v i t y along the edge where land and water meet.

(f) The dynamic ever-changing s p i r i t of the sea i t s e l f .

(g) The drama o f the sunset and the f i r s t crescent moon a t the s t a r t of each Hegira
month.
 .-
v,.. if,-,-,-"
3
he,;;.

Figure 1.1.10

5-X

Figure 1.1.10
----P - --- - PPIIP-=~----IIP=-a-PZPPIL-

MYAS Mangrove Colony on the Red Sea Coast l ine

Existing mangrove (Av icennia mr ina) colonies a long the MYAS coast l ine have been given
protected status and identified as conservation areas. They are r i c h and highly value
habitat for avarian and aquatic w i l d l i f e . Signs and graphics should be used t o educate
the pub1 i c about the natural envi ronmenta l qua l it i e s and values of these conservation
areas.

2. Urban Fabric: The urban fabric i s a physical structure that improves the qua1 i t y of
the d a i l y l i v i n g environment by organizing f a c i l i t i e s and networks into coherent
hierarchies. Certain o f these hierarchies provide dominant images i n the urban
fabric. They include:

(a) The hierarchy of d i s t r i c t , neighborhood and local c m n i t y and c m r c i a l

centers (workshop, shopping, recreation) supporting the City Center.
 (b) The hierarchy o f pedestrian oriented open space supporting and linking
c m n i t y c m r c i a l , r e l i g i o u s and recreation f a c i l i t i e s and centers.

(c) The hierarchy o f roads: primary, secondary and t e r t i a r y .

COMMUNITY CENTERS
MADINAT YANBU AL-SINAIYAH

0 City center

District center URBAN FABRIC HIERARCHIES

+ Neighborhood center Figure 1.1.11
Local center

Figure 1 . 1 . 1 1

3. The C i t y Center: The strength o f the H a i i Fahd c i t y center l i e s not only i n the
f a c t t h a t i t contains the most dominant b u i l t c m n i t y image, t h e c i t y center
mosque, but a l s o t h a t the plaza surrounding the mosque accomnodates the juncture o f
t h e two other major c m n i t y reference points. The plaza, the climax open space i n
t h e urban f a b r i c i s juxtaposed check-by-jowel w i t h the Red Sea c o a s t l i n e providing
not j u s t a reference p o i n t o r image, but a v i b r a t i n g hub o f a c t i v i t y and meaning.
The dominant images and qua l it i e s include:

(a) The r e l i g i o u s image and c e n t r a l focus created by the Jum mosque and dominant
minaret as s e t o f f by t h e main plaza and large dense b u i l d i n g masses.

(b) The strong visual t i e s t o minaret v i a approachways from the c m n i t y ,

(c) The pedestr ian-or iented nature, separated from vehicles, possessing a we1 l
defined s p a t i a l hierarchy w i t h a v a r i e t y o f c i r c u m p e c t l y defined spaces.
 (dl The crescent shaped bay, lined w i t h concentric rows o f palms integrating the
Red Sea w i t h the main plaza and mosque.

m
Figure 1.1.12

Figure 1.1.12

Haii Fahd - The C i t y Center

The Juna Mosque w i t h i t s 75 meter high minaret w i l l mark the s p i r i t u a l and visual center
o f the c i t y . The adjacent pedestrian plaza and varied c m n i i y and c m r c i a l
faci l i t ies set the pat t e r n f o r the descending hierarchy o f d i s t r i c t , neighborhood and
local comnuni t y centers d i s t r i b u t e d throughout the hai is. The crescent shaped promenade
and bay provide a prototypical shape a t the heart o f the c i t y that i s repeated a t a l l the
e n t r i e s t o the c i t y and the c m n i t y .
 G. OBJECTIVES: The following objectives were developed from the Royal Comnission's goals
and the dominant MYAS images and qua1 i t i e s . Their implementation ui I I ensure a
successful pub1 ic open space landscape structure.

I. Natural Environmental Objectives:

(a) Maximize the c i t y ' s greatest asset, the coastline, w i t h i t s image and visual
q u a l i t i e s , and r e f l e c t these features i n the public open space landscape
deve Iopment .
(b) Create micro-cl imat i c conditions more comfortable f o r outdoor human a c t i v i t y .

(c) Incorporate i n t o the landscape s t r u c t u r e the i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f natural systems

o f the Red Sea coastline.

2. Manmade Physical Envirormenta l Objectives:

(a) Respect and strengthen the C i t y Center focus and image o f i t s s p a t i a l s t r u c t u r e

and o f the mosque and crescent shape o f the bay.

(b) Strengthen the u n i f y i n g features and respect the differences i n the patterns
and nodes o f the urban f a b r i c .

3. Social, Cultural, Religious Objectives:

(a) Create a sense and f e e l i n g o f a garden c i t y .

(b) Provide contact w i t h nature t o create greater appreciation o f the great and
almighty A I Iah's creations.

(c) Enhance c i t y l i f e by providing recreational s e t t i n g s i n accordance w i t h Saudi

Arabian c u l t u r a l and social t r a d i t i o n s .

(dl Use the new and diverse physical development t o educate residents and v i s i t o r s
about the content and benef it s o f the new environment .
H. CONCLUSION: The reference points and objectives above should serve as the purposeful
basis for a l l planning, programning and s i t e design i n the landscape development o f MYAS.

1.3.4 CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

A. INrRODUCTION: The images, q u a l i t i e s and features o f the coastline, C i t y Center, and

urban fabric reference points are the conceptual basis f o r the design o f the public open
space landscape structure. The genera l concept o f landscape plant ing citywide shown on
Figure 1.1.8 indicates a scheme o f p l a n t i n g r e f l e c t i n g the o v e r a l l density patterns o f
development, and a t the same time u t i l i z i n g i r r i g a t i o n water resources e f f i c i e n t l y .
 Less dense planting occurs i n the industrial and outlying areas using water conservingr
plants. Densest planting occurs i n the comnunity using a c h i n a t i o n of plant material,
with primarily f u l l value plants, but urn, water conserving plants i n the c m n i t y edge
areas. The densest planting occurs i n the most used, m s t pedestrian oriented open
spaces.

B. PUBLIC OPEN SPACE LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE CATEGORIES: In order t o proper1y achieve

conceptual objectives i n relation t o planting densities, three functional categories of
open space landscape structure are ident if ied:

I. Vehicular rights-ofway

2. Pedestrian r i g h t s 4 u a y

3. Parks

The following sections identify how each category satisfies the landscape aims and
objectives stated previous1y.

I. Vehicular Rights-ofSJay: Each type of vehicular right-ofway has a landscape

structure accentuating i t s relationship t o the overal l c i t y structure and i t s
hierarchical place i n the urban fabric. The following three categories, respond t o
concerns for greeting the visitor, providing an increased density o f planting i n the
comnuni t y and e f f i c i e n t use o f water resources:

(a) City Ceremonial Roads: The key entry stations into the c i t y w i l l be well
identified with crescent shaped plantings o f palm trees that recall the
crescent shaped bay and palm tree planting i n Haii Fahd. The approach ways
between these entry stations and Hai i Fahd are then marked by median plantings
o f date palm, guiding the v i s i t o r t o the City Center. Date p a l m are a
f i t t i n g and symbolic choice, representing the ideals and goals as depicted i n
the emblem o f the Kingdan o f Saudi Arabia.

Footnote:

I) Ful l value = Lush plants caning from hunid subtropical areas. Sane of these plants may
require watering every day when establ ished.

2) Water
Conserving = Drought tolerant plants coming from a r i d subtropical or medi terranean areas.
These plants may require water infrequently when establ ished.

Plants have been divided into these categories t o maximize the efficiency of i r r i g a t i o n
water use and p r m t e healthy long term plant growth. Both categories o f plants have large
quantities o f broad leaved evergreens t o satisfy the objective o f a green image.
- City gateway crescents

Ceremonial roads
MADINAT YANBU AL-SINAIYAH

CITY CEREMONIAL ROADS

Figure 1.1.13

Figure 1.1.13

(b) C m n i t y Roads: The entry t o the c m n i t y i s special because the c m n i t y

i s the heart o f the green image o f NYAS, Crescent shaped rows of evergreen
Ficus trees repeat the forms of the c i t y gateways and the C i t y Center bay.
Evergreen Ficus are also used t o line a l l primary roads and many of the
secondary and t e r t i a r y roads providing a s t r i k i n g image o f green t o every
motorist entering the c m n i ty.

The planting s t y l e i s a reflection of the importance of the vehicular function

on each road i n relation t o the pedestrian use. Thus primary road plantings
are very regular and uniform since safe driving i s the prime concern o f these
roads. As speeds decrease and pedestrian use increases, the planting s t y l e
becomes less uni form and more natura lesque, reflecting the appropriate changes
i n scale required for more detai led appreciation. Secondary and t e r t i a r y local
roads have one tree type per road. Places, courts, lands and culsde-sac may
have a variety of trees on each road.

Within the c m n i t y , there i s a special class o f primary roads known as

recreational roads. They provide access t o the major c ity/reg iona l greenbelt
parks surrounding the c m n i t y . The landscape planting on these roads u i I l
show natural Iy f lowing tree groupings i n keeping u i t h the roads leisure use and
the need t o open up views o f the sea and recreation areas along the route.
-
w

1
Community entrance crescents
M A D I N A T Y A N B U AL-SINAIYAH
Standard primary roads
--
Recreation primary roads
COMMUNITY PRIMARY ROADS
Figure 1.1.14

Figure 1.1.14

(c) Industrial and Outlying Roads: The last major category of roads c h i n e s a l l
different kinds of roads outside the comnuni t y into one category. The c m n
quality o f t h i s category i s that the roads are often without sidewalks; and the
outlying roads that do have sidewalks rarely have pedestrians and even then,
for short term use only .
The main concern here i s t o extend the green image of the c i t y with the
planting of large strong trees and shrubs. The planting of trees and shrubs
w i l l be acconplished so that views, v i s i b i l i t y of entrances and security are
maintained as the primary concerns.

Trees w i l l general l y be spaced further apart and a l l plants w i l l be from the

water conserving category requiring less regular watering.
(I) A l Sawari: Landscape planting of streets and pedestrian routes i s of
prime importance followed by planting adjacent ?o residential units t o
prov ide shade.

(2) Comnunity Support Area: Because of regular use o f the Comnunity Support
Area by comnunity residents, a denser planting o f shade trees w i l l be
required, Where medians occur, trees w i I I be planted simi lar ly with shrubs
and groundcover below. Area lessees should be required t o landscape a
given setback on a l l road frontages.

(3) Light and Heavy Industry: In order t o provide a green framework through
the industrial road system, trees and groundcover w i l l be planted i n the
median o f a l l divided roads. The sides w i I I be l e f t unplanted for ease of
access t o u t i l i t i e s and t o maintain v i s i b i l i t y for security. Industrial
lessees shou Id provide landscapi ng a t thei r ind iv idua l entrances.

Where sidewalks occur along the industrial roads, trees w i l l be planted t o

provide shade.

Important municipal sites, such as the power and water s i t e and the water
treatment sites have special landscaping due t o their prominent functions.
This special landscaping includes denser plant ings and plants with higher
water requirements. Simi lar special plantings occur a t the Port.

(4) Port: The port roads have been identified as having special landscaping
requirements because o f frequent v i s i t s by dignitaries and therefore have
denser plantings with plants requiring more regular water.

(5) Jeddahflanbu Bypass Highway: The Jeddah/Yanbu Bypass Highway passes t o

the north and east of the c i t y . It i s divided and designed for maximum
speed. It offers superb horizon vistas o f the Hejaz. I t s landscaping i s
the natural e n v i r o m n t o f Saudi Arabia's western coast, respecting and
maintaining the regional e n v i r o m n t identity and images. The rest areas
and e x i t s are marginal ly landscaped with water conserving plants for shade
and identification purposes. The e x i t s from the highway include the
ceremonial roads t o the MYAS Hai i Fahd c i t y center.
Port prA Community support area
MADINAT YANBU AL-SINAIYAH
Labor haiis
INDUSTRIAL AND OUTLYING ROADS
Light industry See 11.2.15
Figure 1 7.15

Figure 1.1.15

2. Pedestrian Rights-of-y: While the green image of the c i t y i s visually accessible

t o the motorists, the real benefits and enjoyment of t h i s landscaped c i t y are not
experienced u n t i l the vehicle i s l e f t behind and the driver becomes a pedestrian.

The pedestrian r ights-of-way comprise two categories:

(a) Standard Sidewalks: Sidewalks b u i l t parallel and imnediately adjacent to

vehicular rights-of-way, and

(b) Greenways: Sidewalks u i t h completely independent alignment, on1 y rarely caning

into contact u i t h vehicular rights-of-way,

The standard sidewalks benefit from street trees and shrub and groundcover
plantings d i r e c t l y adjacent, but as i s the case with a l l sidewalks of t h i s
nature there i s the noise, congestion, pollution and danger associated with the
adjacent road and i t s vehicles. The greenways have the densest and most varied
landscaping. They are the shadiest, the coolest, the most fragrant, the most
hunan, the most f i l led with enjoyable environmental experiences.
 Figure 1.1.16

Figure 1.1.16

MYAS Ha i i Greenway

The Radua-4 greenuay demonstrates the typical qua1 i t i e s and character o f the haii
greenway network: shade, flowers, seating, interesting views o f the bui lt urban fabric,
generous paved areas for walking, bicyc l ing and general active and passive recreation
and, overall, close contact with the MYAS c m n i t y open space landscape structure
providing e n v i r o m n t a l , physical, social and cultural benefits t o the residents'
everyday a c t i v i t i e s .
 The greenways are the veins and arteries of the garden c i t y , They enhance the
quality o f l i f e through the provision o f a healthy, safe energy-efficient
transportat ion network, that, by the density o f i t s landscape planting,
pur i f ies the neighborhoods and provides leisure1y enjoyment. They provide
access t o what the green image of MYAS i s a l l about, delightful public gardens
and parks.

These greenuays historical ly and cultural 1 y recal l the labyrinthine pedestrian

netuorks or traditional Saudi neighborhoods. The disposition of the elements
within these greenways w i I I incorporate a l l the principles o f urban design such
as focal points, circumpect spatial d e f i n i t i o n and spatial sequence. They
should provide the primary visual experience o f the urban fabric. The a l i g m n t
o f the greenuay circulation system i s a c r i t i c a l mans of revealing t o the user
the urban fabric and the dominant qualities and 'features of the green c i t y
.
env ir o m n t

Local ly, they provide safe and comfortable access for women and chi ldren from
t h e i r hanes t o schools, play areas, shops and mosques. City-wide, they provide
a netuork interconnecting harahs and hai i s for bicyclists, r o l ler skaters,
walkers and shoppers. Around the edge o f the Comnunity i n the greenbelt, they
reveal the dynamic industrial sky l ine and the spectacular natural e n v i r o m n t a l
images of the Hejaz Mountains and the Red Sea, with i t s mangroves, breezes and
sunsets and provide access t o additional recreation provisions.

......... Haii greenway network

FAAOlNAr Y A N B U A L - S I N A I Y A H
0s Greenbelt greenway network

COMMUNITY GREENWAY
SYSTEM PLAN
Figure 1.1.17

Figure 1.1.17
 As an integral element of the urban fabric, greenways provide l inkages among
the ascending hierarchy o f recreational, comnercial and religious f a c i l i t i e s
culminating f i n a l l y with the City Center and the greenbelt.

The width of the greenways w i l l be generous t o accomnodate various recreation

a c t i v i t i e s depending on the density and type of use. Smaller widths w i II branch
o f f from the main greenuays similar t o the way secondary and t e r t i a r y roads
branch o f f from primary roads. The greenway system w i l l diffuse into and use
t e r t i a r y courts and cu Is&-sac.

3. Parks: The entire network of c m n i t y open space rights-of-way, vehicular and

pedestrian, leads t o parks, the prime destinations for outdoor enjoyment and
recreation i n MYAS. The parks provide opportunities for constructive use o f leisure
time through the provision of passive and active types o f recreation. By the sheer
mass o f vegetation cover, they provide an enhanced micro-cl imate and serve as
important visual amenities, prime contributors t o the green c i t y image.

The c m n i t y should obtain i t s unique green image identity i n the way it integrates
the natural e n v i r o m n t a l elements of the sea and vegetative cover with the man-made
envi r o m n t . Especial ly along the coastal edge, the unique landscaped identity of
MYAS w i l l be generated and confirmed by the parks and greenway system emanating from
and supporting the City Center and i t s mosque plaza.

The MYAS parks have been arranged into a system based upon their location and
function. Parks are found i n two c m n i t y areas which are the greenbelt and the
hai is.

--- Haii parks

Greenbelt parks
I MADINAT YANBU AL-SINAIYAH

MYAS ASSOCIATED PARK AREAS PLAN

1
Figure 1.1.18
L 1
Figure 1.1.18
(a) Greenbelt: The greenbelt i s one more or less continuous band o f plants
surrounding the c m n i ty. It provides the framework for a system o f individual
parks, recreation and educational developnents as c i t y , regional and
Kingdarwide attractions. A l l elements are interconnected with a multi-use
pedestrian path (greenway) system. The greenbelt i t s e l f gives the impression o f
a welcome oasis strongly defining c m n i t y edges and giving protection from
the direct impact o f sand and wind. It i s the greenbelt that gives the c i t y a
firmly established green image identity and character. As a recreation
resource, the greenbelt provides opportunities for a variety of pub1 i c and
private sector recreation a c t i v i t i e s and events t o occur on a large scale.
Specific parks featured within the greenbelt are related t o t h e i r adjacent
natural e n v i r o m n t as uel l as the adjacent urban fabric. According t o the
adjacent natural envi r o m n t , there are two categories of greenbelt parks,
coastal greenbelt parks and landward greenbelt parks.

(I) Coastal greenbelt parks and recreation f a c i l i t i e s develop t h e i r themes

from the opportunities and qualities provided by the sea e n v i r o m n t .
Water based recreation faci l it i e s are provided, such as marinas, areas for
sailing, boating, suimning, wind surfing and fishing.

Specialized parks and educational f a c i l i t i e s are provided t o interpret the

natural w i Id l if e and the events o f the sea and the sky. Other programs
w i l l be developed t o interpret the historical scene o f the Red Sea
relating t o c m r c e , food and water For man's consunption and the natural
cycles and systems.

Parks w i l l provide viewing areas t o enjoy the qualities and a c t i v i t i e s o f

the sea, the sunset, recreation activity, shipping etc. These
opportunities w i l l be provided i n a hierarchy based upon the adjacent
urban fabric. The most urban-type parks w i l l be located i n and adjacent t o
the c i t y center. The parks adjacent t o conservation areas w i l l be quiet,
natural and passive i n character. The primary vacation and active
recreation f a c i l i t y , the Recreation Sharm, with extensive private sector
recreation and tourism opportunities, w i l l be beyond the edge of the
residential area. The varieties o f water front recreation w i l l be linked
by a continuous coastal pranenade greenway and a recreational transport
system. The recreational transport system w i l l be a land-based and
water-based system o f boats and rubber wheeled tram (or similar) that
u i l l provide continuous and convenient off-road vehicle free access a l l
along the coast including the City Center and i t s r e t a i l shops,

(2) Landward Greenbelt Parks: Landward greenbelt parks satisfy c m n i t y and

regional needs for larger open spaces for outdoor recreation. The Hejaz, '
Mt. Radwa, other natural systems, traditional v i l lage l i fe, farming and
the industrial scene i t s e l f w i l l give many opportunities for
interpretation as themes for these park developments.

Associated with them, too, w i l l be additional opportunities for private

sector recreation.
 Of special note among the landward greenbelt parks i s the Botanical
Garden, a regional and K i ngdcmwide attract ion. The gardens themselves
w i II offer the v i s i t o r a whole range of garden themes including the plants
of the Holy Koran, examples of great historical Islamic, Oriental and
Western gardens, and displays showing how residents can beautify their
homes, grow f r u i t s and vegetables and conserve water. There w i l l be an
arboretun and a collection of native Saudi Arabian plants.

The gardens w i l l include special displays for the blind and for the
phys ica l ly handicapped. The development w i l l be an imnense recreat iona l
attraction, but it w i l l also provide an inportant educational resource,
especially i f associated with the Institute of Hunan Resource Development.

......... Haii greenway network

FAAIIINA I Y A N B U A L S l h A l Y A H
Greenbelt greenway network

Landward greenbelt parks GREENBELT PARK SYSTEM PLAN

Coastal greenbelt parks
Figure 1.1.18

Figure 1.1.19

(b) Haiis: Within the Haiis, there i s a hierarchical system of parks that organizes
pub1 ic recreational provisions within the c m n i t y so that local faci l i t i e s
are easily accessible t o a l l residents within a short distance of their homes.
The parks i n the hai i s closely correspond t o a c m n i t y center hierarchy i n
the urban fabric initiated and dominated by the main mosque and i t s adjacent
open space i n the c i t y center. Just as the c i t y center i s the dominant
religious and carmercial center supported by a descending hierarchy of
d i s t r i c t , neighborhood and local centers throughout the c m n i t y , the parks i n
the haiis become the adjacent open space t o each of these centers i n the sane
hierarchy. See Figure I. I. I I. These pub1i c recreation provisions, accessed by
greenways are described i n four categories,
 (I) D i s t r i c t Parks: D i s t r i c t parks are developed as a part o f the h a i i centers
which are located i n the Hai i Alayoun and Hai i Al-Jabriah, The character
o f these parks should r e f l e c t the image o f the sea and City Center.

(2) Neighborhood Parks: Each remaining hai i has i t s own neighborhood park as a
part o f the neighborhood comnuni t y center emphasizing speci f i c
neighborhood character.

(3) Local Parks: Each remaining hara w i l l have i t s own local park t o meet the
needs o f the local areas, located adjacent t o the local comnunity
c m r c ia l centers supporting the local character but generating variety
a t the same time. The mosque i n each center i s t o be emphasized by special
vistas and circumspectly defined spaces through the use of planting,
architectural and a l l other landscaping elements. Comnercia l centers w i l l
be integrated with the parks and pedestrian oriented greenways which
recall the hierarchy and d i s t i n c t focus of the City Center.

(4) Incidental Play Areas: The incidental play areas include playlots for
youngsters, playspaces for kids, and kickabouts for bal l and running
games. Playlets, playspaces and kickabouts w i l l be located within each
park and individually as part of the fabric o f the greenways, providing
smaller scale gathering points throughout the comnunity.

1.4 IRRIGATION
I r r i g a t i o n o f landscape planting i s done with treated sewage effluent (TSE) and potable water.

1.4.1 INTROOUCTION: The amount of landscape planting i s limited by the amount of i r r i g a t i o n

water available. The Royal Carmission has chosen an e f f i c i e n t , economical approach t o
provide the green image for the c i t y by relating d i r e c t l y the density of the planting t o
the amount of TSE generated by the population.

1.4.2 POLICY: The current interim i r r i g a t i o n water pol icy states that treated sewage effluent
(TSE) w i l l be used t o i r r i g a t e a l l landscaped areas within MYAS with the exception of the
following areas which w i I I use potable water:

Private faci I i t i e s - residences, c m r c i a l and industrial f a c i l i t i e s .

Mosques - d i r e c t l y adjacent t o the Mosques.

Health f a c i l i t i e s - d i r e c t l y adjacent t o the f a c i l i t i e s .

Schools - within the perimeter wal Is

Chi ldrens playlots - within the play areas.

and p layspaces

Surface spray areas - for lawns and other approved pub1 i c spray irrigation.

1.4.3 IMPACT: Neither the c i t y nor the c m n i t y w i I I be 1002 planted but the densest planting
w i l l be i n the comnunity and the unplanted landscape w i l l be attractively designed with
careful l y coordinated and integrated stone mulches o f various sizes and colors, so that
the overall effect w i l l be one o f refinement and amplitude.
 1.4.4 TSE ALLOCATIONS: An irrigation allocation i s the volune of irrigation water reserved for
a specific area of landscape planting i n the c i t y . A l locations have been developed based
upon treated seuage effluent USE) generated, planting density requirements and
irrigation demand by plants.

A. TSE Generated: TSE allocations have been based upon the TSE generated by an u l t i m t e
population projection of 118,200 for the planned c m n i t y as taken from the C m n i t y
Development Manual (August 1984). The Rule of Thunb (ROT) factor of .3O cubic meters per
person per day return o f usable TSE for irrigation provides 35,460 m3 for city-ide
pub1 i c planting (less future camunity expansion areas). Figure 1.1.20 shows how that
volune has been roughly divided. In appendix sub-section 5.3, more detailed comnunity
irrigation a l locations are l isted.

fl \

M6hb.h

NOTE: Total TSE generated = 35,460 cubic meters per day

TSE allocations for community expanaion Community allocation = 32.960 cubic meters per day
will be generated from that additional Industrial and outlying
\population. areas allocation = 2.500 cubic meters per day J

Community: 93% of total MADINAT YANBU AL-SINAIYAH

Industrial and outlying areas: 7% of total
TREATED SEWAGE EFFLUENT (TSE)
ALLOCATIONS
Figure 1.1.20

Figure 1.1.20

0. Planting Density Requirements: Figure 1.1.8 already demonstrates the p r i o r i t y given t o

the c m n i t y due t o the fact that it i s the residential, carmercial and recreation
center o f the c i t y . Within the c m n i t y , certain hierarchies have been established i n
consideration of the urban fabric image and the fact that 1002 coverage of plantable
areas i s not possible.
 As a result, only i n Hai i Fahd c i t y center w i l l 100% of the plantable public areas be
planted. Throughout the rest of the c m n i t y residential areas, densest plantings w i Il
be i n parks, comnercial centers and greenways followed by roadsides and then wadis.

C. Irrigation Demand by Plants: Plants have been divided into two categories t o maximize the
efficiency of irrigation water use and pranote healthy long term plant growth. Both
categories of plants have large quantities of broad leaved evergreens t o satisfy the goal
of a green image. The categories are:

I. Fcll l Value: Lush plants caning fran hunid subtropical areas. Sane of these plants
may require watering every day when establ ished.

2. Water Conserving: Drought tolerants plants caning from a r i d subtropical or

medi terranean areas. These plants may require water infrequently when establ ished.

These plants should be segregated, not mixed i n one irrigation area, i n order to maximize
the effectiveness of the irrigation water,

Irrigation d m n d i s calculated on the worst conditions i n the surmer and includes a I52
surcharge for leaching. Assurgtions have been based upon in-Kingdan and s i t e specific
studies. This approach t o irrigation demand assures a surplus of irrigation water i n the
winter season. This water w i l l be u t i l i z e d for annual native plants i n areas of marginal
landscape.

1.4.5 IRRIGATION SYSTMS: Automatically controlled drip-type irrigation i s preferred i n HYAS

t o maximize effective use of water resources. No flood irrigation or other manual
application techniques should be used. Autanatically controlled drip-type irrigation
e l iminates ponded water wasted through evaporation and guarantees a uni form appl icat ion
of water over time making healthier plant growth.

1.4.6 TSE QUALITY: The Sewage Treatment Plant provides high quality effluent that by
Ca l ifornia standards i s suitable for spray irrigation. The TSE qua1 it y standards required
for the irrigation system are given'in the Appendices, Section 5.0.

t t END OF SECTION I t t
Land Use for Landscape
Open Space
L
 SECTION 2
LAND USE FOR LANDSCAPE OPEN SPACE

2.1 INTRODUCTION
The major conponents i n the hierarchy of the MYAS pub1i c open space recreation land use areas i n
descending order are the greenbelt, greenbelt parks, d i s t r i c t parks, neighborhood parks and
local parks connected by a system or greenways (heavily planted multi-purpose pedestrian paths
separated from vehicular routes). These are supplemented by a network of recreational
f a c i l i t i e s for private sector developnent and a limited range of sports f a c i l i t i e s i n the
schools. A brief description of the key elements constituting the carponents i s provided in
t h i s section.

2.2.1 IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY: The 1983 Landscape Developnent Plan developed i n detai l the
planning and philosophies contained herein. The resulting implementation strategy i s
divided into two categories of responsibility and they are described i n t h i s section.

A. PUBLIC: Public open space park and recreation f a c i l i t i e s w i l l k open for public use
without charge. Tkir outline programs and descriptions follow i n sub-section 2.2.

B. PRIVATE: Private Sector recreation f a c i l i t i e s w i l l be operated for members only or on a

daily fee basis. These opportunities w i l l be listed i n subsection 2.2 below and then
their outline programs and descriptions w i l l be given i n sub-section 2.3.

2.1.2 RECREATION F K l L lTY STMDAROS AND LAND USE DISTRIBUTION: Recreation fac i l it y standards
are based on population figures and hectare requirements as shown b e l w i n Figure 1.2.1.
The standards are based on experience i n western countries and are adapted t o serve as
the mt appropriate guidelines t o the future mixed nationalities i n the comnunity of
MYAS. The standards apply t o the presently defined c m n i t y hai i s and exclude the
greenbelt, c m n i t y expansion area and labor hai is. The population forecast of 120,000
i s used for the ultimate developnent of the comnunity as defined. A usage factor of
202 -
MI of the projected population i s used as the basis for demand for use of
carmercial recreational faci l i t i e s by residents of the camuni ty.

-=-I=- n

Figure 1.2.1

Recregt ion Fac i I it y Standards

No. Fac./ Size No. Landtake

F a c i l i t v (1) Pop.

Public Use F a c i l i t y

Play lots
Playspaces
Kickabouts
Loca I Parks
Neighborhood Parks
D i s t r i c t Parks
Figure 1.2.1 (Continued)

Recreation Fac i l it y Standards

[Link]./ Size No. Landtake

Facility (I) Pop.

Private Use Fac i Iit y

Standard Swimning Pool (25 m length)

Sports Ground
Sports Center (4)
Major Sports Grounds
Olympic Swimning Pool (50 m length)

Total Landtake (Ha) - - - 112.32

NOTES :

( 1 ) The table colum abbreviations are: Number o f f a c i l i t i e s per population increment;

individual f a c i l i t y size i n hectares, t o t a l number of f a c i l i t i e s ; total landtake i n
hectares.

(2) 1,000 sq.m. when located i n local parks.

(3) These t o t a l s represent free standing f a c i l i t i e s only. Each local, neighborhood and
d i s t r i c t park contains one additional f a c i l i t y . Additional f a c i l i t i e s ( I each) i n
local, neighborhood and d i s t r i c t parks.

(4) The Sports Center i s the hub o f a network o f recreation f a c i l i t i e s including a l l

varieties of indoor and outdoor courtgames, swimning pools, f i e l d g m s , workshops,
kitchens, all-purpose roams, gyrmasia and weight room.

The f o l lowing faci l i t i e s are included i n the Sports Center. Their standards are:

Faci l i t y No. Fac./Population

Basketba l I, Vol leyba l l and Other Court Games 1/3,000

Soccer 1/3,000
Tennis 1/5,000
Squash or Racquetbal l 1/5,000
-==-=I--X¶=-36PP-E--POX-Pm-mX-rR-=~I~¶-E====:eiP=~====E-W-~3=

B. Distribution o f Parks and Recreation Facilities: Figure 1.2.2 shows the distribution o f
pub1 i c parks, incidental play and recreation faci l i t i e s by hai i .
Figure 1.2.3 shows the distribution of major private sector recreation f a c i l i t i e s by hai i.

2.2 P U B L I C O P E N S P A C E , PARKS AND R E C R E A T I O N F A C I L I T I E S

The public f a c i l i t i e s bui It by the Royal Cannission and maintained by the Municipality include
the greenbelt, coastal and landward greenbelt parks, d i s t r i c t , neigborhood and local hai i parks,
incidents l play areas, and greenways. The opportunities for pr ivat$ sector development are
identified as they occur i n these public areas and are further detailed i n sub-section 2.3.
 GREENBELT: The greenbelt i s planned as one continuous b e l t of plants surrounding the
carmunity. This provides the frameuork for a system o f individual park and
recreation/educationa I developnents as c m n i t y and regional a t t r a c t ions. They provide
special recreational and educational f a c i l i t i e s and certain types o f events t o occur on a
much larger scale that are not avai lable i n hai i parks. The parks and the greenway
connections completely encircle the carmunity and satisfy one o f the fundamental aims o f
the landscape master plan providing an easy access and safe green passages for c y c l i s t
and pedestrians t o a l l recreation f a c i l i t i e s . See Fig. 1.1.17.

Landtake: Elements and Faci I ities:

I059 Ha. Shelterbelt planting

7 Coastal and 8 Landward Greenbelt Parks
Greenway (multi-use pedestrian circulation system)
Greenuay connect ions t o adjacent ha i i s

~ ~ E . - P Z O ~ P - = ~ P I I ~ ~ . ~ ~ - R I I ~ I ~ - ~ ~ - P ~ I ~ ~ P - - E ~ - I ~ Z ~ E P ~ * ~ ~ ~ ~

Figure 1.2.2
~p~

Distribution of Public Parks and Recreation F a c i l i t i e s by Haiis

-
Parks Play Areas (I)
Hai i
- -
Loca l Nei~hborhood District Play l o t Playspace Kickabout

A l Nawa (2)
A l Semairi (2)
Radwa (2)
Faisal
A l Jabriah
Ain A l Nawa
Abdulaziz
Alnakheel
Khal i d
A l Sobh
RCI -HRDY (3)
Joha ina
A l Oyoun
A l Bathna
Fahd (4)

NOTES:

I. Free standing faci l i t i e s only. They occur one each i n every local, neighborhood and
d i s t r i c t park.

2. Aberrations i n parks, playlots and playspaces are due t o design being accomplished before
citywide recreation plan was established.

3. One small carmunity residential area on the western end o f the site.

4. Two major urban water front parks with chi ldrens play areas and picnic f a c i l i t i e s .
Figure 1.2.3

Distribution of Major Private Sector Recreation F a c i l i t i e s by Haiis

hjor
Sports Sports Sports Sw imni ng Tennis
-
Hai i Centers Grounds Grounds Pools(l) Courts ( I)

A l Nawa
A l Semairi
Radua
Faisal
A l Jabr iah
Ain A l Nawa
Abdulaziz
Alnakheel
Khal i d
A l Sobh
RC I-HRDY
Joha ina
A l Oyoun
A l Bathna
Fahd

NOTES:

I. Free standing fac i l it ies separated from sports center.

2.2.2 GREENBELT PARKS: The greenbelt parks are the larger city/regional scale parks that
surround the city.

The character and faci l it i e s of the greenbelt change u i t h intensity of the adjacent
. camunity features and i n relationship t o the adjacent natural enviromnt. There are
therefore hro sub-parts t o the greenbelt park system; as previously shown i n Figure
1.1.19.

o Red Sea Coastal Greenbelt Parks

o Landward Greenbelt Parks

The following i s a brief description of each park, i t s size and program faci l i t i e s and
elements. Note that the ultimate scope of program facilities, elements and private
sector opportunities for the parks w i l l be defined by future design contracts. What has
been inc Iuded here are the Roya l Canniss ion approved program out l ines.
A. RED SEA COASTAL GREENBELT PARKS:

, East Coastal C m n i t y Park: A linear park that acts primarily as a transition

connection from Hai i Fahd t o Conservation Area No. 2 and from a vehicle-oriented
comnunity t o a pedestrian-oriented Harbor Island Park. Many people w i II be passing
through and many cars w i l l be parked here, so it i s essential that t h i s park be
carefully detailed t o f i t both the urban setting and the greenbelt role.

Landtake: Elements and Faci I i t i e s :

43 Ha. 3 pedestrian bridges t o Haii A l Sobh

3 Major plazas with water features
Ua lkway into Mangrove
Conservation Area
Cont inuous coasta l promenade
Greenways
Comfort s t a t ions, maintenance storage
50 Car parking

Ptivate Sector:

Restaurant
Recreational Transport System (RTS) Headquarters
Bicycle rentals

Harbor Island Park: This i s a pedestrian's park, providing a vehicle free

e n v i r o m n t for play and picnicing. Access t o the island w i l l be by foot, bicycle,
on tuo pedestrian bridges or by the land and sea crossings with the Recreational
Transport System (RTS) . Residents and v i s i t o r s w i I I be expected t o leave motor cars
and other motorized vehicles a t the nearby East Coastal Comnunity Park. While
primary u t i l i t y infrastructure w i l l be provided across the bridges t o the island,
the island, nevertheless, shall be a pastoral ' c i t y park' for the pedestrian without
intense active comnercjal recreation developnent.

Landtake: Elements and Faci I ities:

Pedestrian only island with two bridges from East Coastal

C m n i t y Park
Major lawn area, 10 Ha
6 Major picnic areas
Play Iots/pIayspaces/kickabouts
Games courts
Sculpture
2 public beaches
6 piers
2 major plazas
Prayer she1ters
Comfort s t a t ions, maintenance storage
Cont inuous coasta l promenade
Greenways
Possible i n t e r i o r saltwater lake
 Private Sector:

6 Small cafes
2 Paddle boat rentals
Bicycle rentals
Hiscel laneous recreation equi p e n t renta I s
b a t rides t o Red Sea coral reef
RTS
Restaurant and possible amusement park near c i t y center

3. North and South Waterfront Parks and Crescent Promenade: These are City Center
landscape elements. Because o f the prominence o f the City Center, the Hai i Fahd
i r r i g a t i o n water a l location, which normal l y l i m i t s landscape coverage t o less than
Im, has been p r i o r i t i z e d t o enable 1002 o f the pub1 i c landscape areas t o be
planted. The landscape highlights are the parks which include the North and South
Waterfront Park and the Coconut Pa lm Crescent Pranenade uh ich provides the greenway
connect ion a long the waterfront betueen them.

North Waterfront Park:

Landtake: Elements and Faci I i t i e s :

4 Ha. Scu lptura I water feature

Scu lpture
Continuous coastal pranenade
Large bowl of lawn
Picnic areas
Canfort s t a t ion, Ha i ntenance storage
80 car parking

South Waterfront Park:

Landtake: Elements and Faci I i t i e s :

6 Ha. Sa ltwat e r lagoon

Exotic seacoast plants
Play l o t
Continuous coasta l pranenade
Picnic areas
Canfort station, maintenance storage
50 car parking

Crescent Promenade:

Landtake: Elements and Faci I i t i e s :

4 Ha. Four concentric rows of coconut p a l m i n lawn

Continuous coasta l pranenade u i t h steps down t o the bay
4. Marina: Mixed use developnent of 19 Ha shal l be designed and constructed entirely
by the Private Sector. The Private Sector shal l provide a 10 meter wide coastal
promenade easement connecting North Water front Park t o West Waterfront C m n it y
Park. For a detailed progranof elements and f a c i l i t i e s , see sub-section 2.3.

5. West Waterfront C m n i t y Park: This w i l l be an urban park canbining education and

recreation. It i s the park and peninsula which separates the downtown from the more
r u s t i c conservation area. I t s emphasis i s on the Red Sea and learning about it i n a
park I ike atmosphere.

Landta ke : Elements and Faci I i t i e s :

24 Ha. Park plaza with landmark water feature

Secondary plaza with water feature
Piers into Red Sea
Continuous promenade a long coast
I Large public sand beach
Play Iots/play spaces/kickabouts
Games courts
Greenways
Prayer she l ters
Sculpture
Comfort s t a t ions, maintenance storage
700 car parking
Sundial Sculpture

Pr ivate Sector :

I Restaurant
4 Cafes
Paddle boat renta l
Bicycle rental
Miscel laneous recreation equi pnent rental
Boat rides t o Red Sea coral reef
Aquar im
Planetarim
Underwater Cora l reef observatory
RTS

6. Shareh Jeddah Recreation Area: This park fronts on Conservation Area No. I
containing a substantial mangrove colony j u s t offshore and spectacular reef habitat
about one k i lometer out t o sea. Arrangement of a l l elements and faci l i t i e s must
safeguard these natura l resources.
 Landtake: Elements and Faci Ii t i e s :

18 Ha. 3 Major a u t m b i l e accessed picnic areas

I Public sand beach
I Walkway into mangrove conservation area
Cont inuous coasta l promenade
Play Iots/pIayspaces/kickabouts
Games courts
I Major plaza with a special water feature
Greenuays
Prayer shelters
Comfort station, maintenance storage
225 car parking

Pr iva t e Sector :

Paddleboat renta I s
Bicycle rentals
Hi scel laneous recreation equipnent renta I s
Boat rides t o red sea coral reef

7. Recreational Sham: The recreational sham i s a quiet water recreational area

emphasi zing water sports and expansive coasta l comnerc i a l recreation and t o u r i s t
facilities.

Landtake: Elements and Faci I i t i e s :

70 Ha. 80 Ha shark protected quiet uater

I I pub1 i c sand beaches
Picnic provisions
Continuous coasta l promenade
Play Iots/pIayspace/kickabouts
Games courts
Sculpture
2 Major plazas with special water features
600 car parking
Greenuays
2 Prayer she1ters
Comfort stations, maintenance storage
Docks
Extensive mounding and shelterbelt planting

Private Sector:

Hotel complex, 7 Ha
Boat club, 2 Ha
Padd leboat renta l
Bicycle rental
Hiscel laneous recreation equi pnent rental
Boat rides t o red sea coral reef
Hol iday developnent inc l udi ng amusement park
Marine service station
 :;::.>..,.
....i:
...:.
i
1. East Coastal Community Park
%S5'
... ,\.f.% ..
..?
Conservation areas
2. Harbor Island
1 I I111 ICoastal greenbelt parks 3. City Center
MADINAT YANBU AL-SINAIYAH
4. Marina
5. West Waterfront Comm. Park
6. Shareh Jeddah Rec. Area
COASTAL GREENBELT PARKS
7. Recreation Sharm Figure 1.2.4

Figure 1.2.4

B. LANDWARD GREENBELT PARKS

I. Native Plant Garden: The 1.5 hectare garden i s dedicated solely t o providing a
habitat for plants native t o Saudi Arabia. I t has been planned so that i t s
implementation can occur independent of, or simultaneous with the botanical garden.

Landtake: Elements and Faci I i t i e s :

105 Ha. 48 Car parking shaded by broad-leaved evergreen trees running

f u l l length o f car park
Garden pav i l l ion 370 m2
A r t i f i c i a l l y shaded pathways
Footpaths
Plant c m n i t y [Link]:
Acacia desert park land
Foothi I ls/mounta ins, scree slopes
Duke and sand format ions
Sabkhahs
Wadi/hurmock hollow formations
Botanical Garden: Regional i n concept and attraction, t h i s large c i t y park could
becane of nat iona l importance and popu lar it y .
Besides the prime objectives o f displaying tropical and rare plants, the park w i l l
provide recreational attractions i n various botanical settings where the whole
fami ly w i I I f i n d places o f interest and areas t o relax and enjoy the e n v i r o m n t .

A variety o f pedestrian routes are planned through the unique glasshouse structures
containing rare and indigenous plants. Ornaments l gardens representing d i fferent
c I imates and cultures w i II excite the imagination and stimulate interest.
Look-outs, picnic areas and play-spaces w i l l enable families t o meet and relax.

The developnent w i l l be an imnense recreational attraction, but it w i l l also provide

an important educational resource if associated with the l n s t i tute o f H m n Resource
DeveIo p n t.
Schools w i I I be able t o see how plants are used econanical ly, socially and medically
the world over, and t o understand the very special ecology of desert regions. The
gardens ui l l be the backbone o f the plant introduction program that w i l l supply the
c i t y with the most outstanding varieties of broadleaf flowering and fragrant
evergreen plants. Botanical students and research workers w i l l have fu l l faci l i t ies
for t h e i r work and i n time there i s no doubt that t h i s aspect w i l l become o f
national and international significance.

Landtake: Elements and Faci I i t i e s :

31 Ha Four pyramid glass houses

Administrative bui Iding
Pyramid shade structures
Nursery/ma intenance bui I d i ng
Mat ive plant garden
Arboretun
Chi ldrens play area
Garden for the b l ind
Moorish garden
Persian garden
Hugha l garden
French garden
Eng l ish garden
Economic plant col lection
Landscape planting design collection
200 car parking

Pr ivate Sector :

Restaurant
Coffee shop
3. Faisal Greenbelt Park: Faisal Greenbelt Park i s situated next t o a major sports
ground and w i I I be simi lar i n components t o Al-Ageeg West Recreation Greenbelt.

Landtake : Elements and Faci I i t i e s :

2.25 Ha. Large Lawn, 1 .3. Ha

55 Car parking
Greenway
Comfort stat ion
Maintenance storage

4. Al-Semairi Greenbelt Park: This park abandons the r o l l i n g 'English' lawn for large
geanetr ic squares of lawn separated from each other by a careful l y designed orchard
g r i d of f r u i t trees providing i n t h i s park bounties simi lar t o those described i n
the Koran and simi lar t o the traditional Arabic "pustan".

Landtake : Elements and Faci I i t i e s :

2.75 Ha. Large lawn, 2.0 Ha i n quadrants l ined by a g r i d of productive

trees.
60 car parking
Greenway
Comfort stat ion, maintenance storage

5. Harat Al-Yagoot Greenbelt Park: The Harat Al-Yagoot Greenbelt Park provides a 7.0
hectare family oriented park with picnicking as the principal feature on a lawn area
of 1.3 hectares. Shade structures, barbecues, potable water and l ighting compliment
the picnic area.

Landtake: Elements and F a c i l i t i e s :

2.25 Ha. Large lawn, 1.3 Ha

Storm drainage channel as wadi landscape feature
Sculpture
Barbecue f a c i l i t i e s
Play lot/playspace
Basketba I I
60 car parking
Greenway
Comfort s t a t ion, maintenance storage

6. Lake Yanbu Greenbelt Park: This park w i l l integrate Lake Yanbu, a 'fresh' uater
lake, into the greenbelt park system. The present lake w i l l be expanded t o provide
increased passive recreation area and w i I d l i f e ecosystem habitat.
 Landtake: Elements and Faci I i t i e s :

2.2 Ha. .
Lawn, 75 Ha
Expanded freshwater lake with protected w i l d l i f e islands, 8,000 m2
40 car parking
Greenuay
Comfort s t a t ion, maintenance storage

Pr iva t e Sector :

Coffee shop
Horse r i d i n g t r a i I s and stables

Harat AI-Ageeg West Recreation Greenbelt Park: I t i s an extension of the A l Nawa

d i s t r i c t size Recreation Center with a huge sports ground potential for a private
sector bike racing track, generous lawn areas, passive recreation f a c i l i t i e s
including traditional Islamic gardens and, greenways connecting a l l parts. (See
Fig. [Link])

Landtake: Elements and Faci I ities:

24.0 Ha. Large lawn, 1.5 Ha

Poet's corner, passive garden i n Islamic style.
3 Soccer f i e Ids
2 Kickabouts
100 Car parking ,
Greenway
Comfort s t a t ion, maintenance storage

Pr ivate Sector :

BHX track
Boul ing a1 ley
Refreshment pavi l l i o n

. Abu Bakr Al-Sedeeq Greenbelt Park: This park w i l l create a passive recreation area
for families. It features 25 individual picnic areas, each with a lawn area,
potable water, electrical outlets, barbecue, table, benches and parking for three
autanobi les.

Landtake: Elements and Faci I ities:

Large lawn, 1.3 Ha

25 Car pu l l-of f picnic spots
35 car parking
Greenway
Comfort station, maintenance, storage
Land mark sculpture
Shade structures 400 m2 with wood benches
 ;i.?$,. Greenbelt linkages
MADINAT YANBU AL-SINAIYAH
m ~ e s i ~ n a t Parks
e d
1. Native Plant Garden 5. Al-Yagoot Park LANDWARD GREENBELT PARKS
2. Botanical Garden 6. Lake Yanbu Park
3. Faisal Park 7. Al-Ageeg West Park Figure 1.2.5
4. Al-Semairi Park 8. Abu Bakr Al-Sedeeq Park

Figure 1.2.5

2.2. J HAll PARKS: The Hai i parks are the main public recreation f a c i l i t i e s within the
residential neighborhoods. There are three categories: d i s t r i c t parks (5.0 Ha),
neighborhood parks (2.0 Ha) and local parks (0.6 Ha). These parks are arranged i n a
hierarchy as part o f the urban fabric and provide the main pub1 ic recreational provisions
within the haiis. See Figure 1.2.2.

The park hierarchy i s developed into a viable system by greenway pedestrian circulation
routes connecting each park and i s described as f o l lows:

A. DISTRICT PARKS: Hai i s Al-Jabriah and Al-Oyoun have hai i comnercial centers where there
w i l l be a greater than average need for outdoor recreational faci l i t i e s . Two large
d i s t r i c t parks o f f i v e hectares each are planned adjacent t o these c m r c i a l centers.
Both d i s t r i c t parks w i l l have a large portion o f t h e i r landtake reserved for private
sector carmercial recreation developnent. The parks are t o be located imnediately
adjacent t o the D i s t r i c t Carmercial Centers and the designs should integrate these two
major h a i i elements.
I. Haii Al Jabriah

Landtake: Elements and Facilities:

Public Park - I Kickabout

0.85 Ha. I Playspace
I Playlot
lnforme I garden
Paved plaza with major decorative water feature
Shade structures
Publ i c t o i l e t s
Public telephones
Lighting
Drinking fountains
Seat ing areas
Irrigation
Plants
Site features and accessories

Pr ivate Sector Recreation Center :

4.15 Ha. I Gymnasiun

I Fitness centerkhang ing area
4 Racquetba l l courts
4 Tennis courts
I Soccer field, perimeter trace, and spectator seating
(approx. 500 spectators)
I Swimning pool (2%)
250 Parking spaces
I Food service area

2. Haii Al-Oyoun

Landtake: Elements and Faci I i t i e s :

Publ i c Parks - I Kickabout

3.04 Ha. I Playspace
I Playlot
lnforma I garden
Paved plaza with decorative water feature
Shade structures
Public t o i lets
Pub l ic telephones
Lighting
Drinking fountains
Seating areas
Irrigation
Plants as required
Site features and accessories as required
 Private Sector Recreation Center:

I.% Ha. I Clubhouse and 20 indoor

tennis courts
I Swimning pool
50 parking spaces

B. NEIGHBORH000 PARKS: These parks serve a greater population than local parks. They are
larger and provide more recreational opportunities.

Neighborhood Parks are located adjacent t o Al-fbha l lah Comnercial Centers. When there i s
no Al-Mohallah Center located within the haii, then the park should be located as near
the center o f the h a i i as possible or located adjacent t o a local center. When located
adjacent t o an Al-Mohallah Center, the parking requirements may be combined into a single
unit.

Landtake: Elements and Faci l ities:

2.0 Ha. 25 Parking spaces (32 rn2/space)

2 tennis courts - I practice court
I games court
I kickabout
I playspace
I playlot
I nforma I garden
Paved plaza with decorative water feature
Seating areas
Shade structures
Public t o i lets
Pub l ic telephones
Lighting
Drinking fountains
Irrigation
Plants as required
S it e features and accessor ies as requ ired.

Pr ivate Sector :

I Swimning pool 25 m.

C. - LOCAL PARKS: The provision of local parks i s directed t o the econany o f land-take and
the provision of an integrated a l l purpose park for use by the whole fami l y i n Islamic
style. Organized playing f i e l d s are placed further away. There w i l l be several local
parks within each Haii. The nunber w i l l largely depend on the density and character o f
the neighborhood with denser neighborhoods having the greater nunber .
 Landtake: Elements and Faci I i t i e s :

0.6 Ha. 10 Parking spaces (32 m2/space)

Center
I kickabout
I playspace
I playlot
lnforma I garden
Paved plaza with decorative water feature
Seating areas
Shade structures
Public t o i l e t s
Pub l ic telephones
Lighting
Drinking fountain
Irrigation
Plants
Site features and accessories

D. INCIDENTAL WBLlC RECREATION FACILITIES: The hierarchy o f pub1 i c open space requires
c m n i t y harahs t o be provided with small, readily accessible recreation spaces for
frequent use and short journey times. These include incidental landscaped public play
f a c i l i t i e s such as playlets, playspaces and kickabouts.

As the individual harahs and hai i s develop these incidental pub1 i c play faci l i t i e s w i l l
be used along greenway paths, i n addition t o local and neighborhood parks, t o supply
additional recreational and landscaped open space f a c i l i t i e s where the d i s t r i b u t i o n of
local parks i s not exactly equal. The landscaping o f each of these elements i n the
hierarchy compliments the land use a c t i v i t y and contributes t o the overall landscape
image o f HYAS,

1. PLAYLOTS: The smallest element i n the open space hierarchy i s the playlot.
Play l o t s are included as an integral part o f the design of a l l housing areas and are
designed t o accamnodate the age group 3 4 years old.

Playlots shall be located i n a l l local, neighborhood and d i s t r i c t parks, and may be

located along pedestrian paths, greenways and i n residential areas.

Landtake : Elements and Faci I i t i e s :

Balancing, climbing, junping and swinging play equipment

Sand p i t
Shaded seating (trees or pergola)
Drinking fountain (low)
Lighting
Irrigation
Plants
 PLAYSPACES: These areas are designed t o meet the needs of the age group o f 6-12
years old. An adequate provision for c m n a l playgrounds should be planned for
(one serves 200 children) i n addition t o play areas made available i n the primary
schools. The nunbers might be reduced appreciably i f school playgrounds were open
t o the general pub1 i c a t a l l times.

Playspaces shal l be located i n a l l local, neighborhood and d i s t r i c t parks, and may

be located along pedestrian paths and i n residential areas, and could be combined
with kickabouts when considered e n v i r o m n t a l l y suitable.

Landtake: Elements and Faci I i t i e s :

Balancing, c l i h i n g , jumping and swinging play equipment

Slides, nets, towers, f o r t s and other adventure play equipment
Sand p i t
Shaded seating (trees or pergola)
Drinking fountain (low)
Lighting
Irrigation
Plants

3. Kickabouts: Kickabouts shall be located i n a l l local, neighborhood and d i s t r i c t

parks and i n other selected areas which may require additional f a c i l i t i e s . They
sha l l be located adjacent t o other pub1 i c faci l it i e s when separate from the parks.

Landtake: Elements and Faci I it ies:

Campacted sand (1,000 m2)

Turf (2,000 m2)
Drinking fountain
Lighting
Irrigation
Fences, goals, corner and midfield markings
Plants

4. Tennis Courts: Public tennis courts shall be located i n only neighborhood parks.
A I l other tennis court areas sha l l be provided and operated by the private sector.

Landtake: Elements and Faci I ities:

M i n i m 2 Courts - I practice court with backwal l per cluster

Net, removable poles
Markings
Fencing and gates
Lighting
Drinking fountain
Seating (court side)
Canvas windbreak on inside o f fence
5. Gams Courts: These courts are nwlti-use hard surface courts designed for several
different types o f gaws and are located i n neighborhood parks only.

Landtake: Elements and Facilities:

Court
Orinking fountain
Net, removable poles
Pemnent backboards, hoops and nets
Markings
Fenc ing and gates
Lighting
Seat ing

6. Sports Ground (Soccer Field): A Sports Ground i s a grass area for playing soccer
and other f i e l d sports. It should be surrounded by a hedge or other forms of
landscaping.

It should be located adjacent t o other canpatible public f a c i l i t i e s such as local

and neighborhood parks, or i n the v i c i n i t y of higher density apartments. Convenient
vehicular and pedestrian access must be provided. These faci l i t i e s w i l l be
developed by the private sector.

Landtake:

Major Sports Ground: These are large mu1ti-use sports faci l it i e s each capable of
accamnodating a nunber of soccer pitches or other f i e l d activities. They represent
land reserves which m y be selective1.y turfed i n response t o user needs.

These male-daminated f a c i l i t i e s should be located on the fringes of the carmunity

area t o provide a transition into the surrounding buffer zones, and t o minimize the
inpact of noisy a c t i v i t i e s on the family residential areas.

Concentrating a nunber of soccer pitches i n selected locations w i l l minimize

irrigation and maintenance costs when the land i s turfed, and faci l i t a t e conversion
t o residential uses, i f required. These f a c i l i t i e s w i l l be developed by the private
sector.

Landtake:

8. Swilnning pools: Swimning pools shall be located i n neighborhood and d i s t r i c t parks

and should be planned considering the park as a whole. The majority shall be 25
m t e r s long with only 2 olynpic size 50 meter pools.
 They should be conveniently accessible from the adjacent residential areas, and
protected against overviews fran bui ldings t o offer privacy for the users. These
f a c i l i t i e s w i l l be developed by the private sector.

Landtake:

60,000 sq. m. (citywide)

9. Public Square: The pub1i c square i s the hub around which the Local, Neighborhood
and D i s t r i c t Centers are organized. It should be a hard surfaced, formal, geometric
space allowing vistas t o important buildings, vertical elements or view of the
C m n i t y . The mosque should dominate t h i s space. The pub1 ic square should have a
direct l i n k t o the adjacent park. Open a i r cafes may u t i l i z e portions of these
pub l ic squares.

Landtake:

Local: 1,000 sq.m.

Neighborhood: 1,250' sq.m.
D i s t r i c t : 1,500 sq.m.

2.2.4 GREENWAYS: A major circulation feature of MYAS i s the separate system of pedestrian
routes and bikeuays woven through the c m n i t y , connected t o the greenbelt surrounding
the c m n i t y , providing children and families with safe non-vehicular access t o a l l
c m r c i a l and recreational f a c i l i t i e s . These paths are called greenways. They u i l l be
heavily planted, becoming the main arteries i n the green c m n i t y . Greenway circulation
routes provide a safer, more enjoyable alternative t o vehicular routes and street
side-ualks. Multiple-use i n combination with camplimentary functions such as drainage
channels should be maximized. Land allocation for greenways should be greater i n
high-density residential areas than i n low-density areas. See Figure 1.1.17.

Total K i lometers: Elements

u lt i-use paved pathuays/pedestr ian precincts

ense shrub/tree planting
rimary, secondary, t e r t i a r y pathways
he Iters/pergo las
~ u n t ians
ighting
enches
ike stands
irectionaI/informationaI signs
rrigation

2.2.5 OTHER CATEGOR IES:

A. Wadis (Drainage channels): These drainage channels serving the comnunity may sometimes
be used as greenways. Most often they w i l l be l ight ly landscaped and serve as secondary
recreation f a c i l i t i e s for jogging and d i r t bike riding. A l l attempts shall be made t o
design the a l i g m n t and cross sections o f these "wadis" within the comnunity t o be
curvi l inear and we1 l integrated into the overa l l landscape developnent.
 Total Ki lometers: Elements

58 Km (Approx.) Greenways
for open channels H u l t i use for drainage/
i n the comnunity pedestrian circulation/bicycle r i d i n g

. Buffer Districts: They are normally wide s t r i p s o f undeveloped Land that are rough
graded and generally not planted except for adjacent roads and i n two other conditions
where Buffer Districs have become part o f the greenbelt. They are generated by a setback
betueen the pub1 i c road and the bui lding l imi t s o f adjacent developnent.

I. The C a m n i t y Buffer (CB)

Landtake: Elements

540.0 Ha. Greenbelt planting

Greenuays
Ricreation faci Ii t i e s
Nurser ies
Hounding
Roadside planting on Shareh A l Mina

2. Thecentral Buffer D i s t r i c t (CEB)

Landtake: Elements:

1,176.5 Ha. Plant ing/Greenbe It

Greenuays
Recreation faci Ii t i e s
Roadside planting on Tareeq
Al-Halik Abdulaziz and Shareh Al-Mina

3. The Peripheral Buffer D i s t r i c t (PB)

Landtake: Elements:

2,000.0 Ha. Crescent shape planting a t City entry points.

Food Control Barrier
Roadside planting o f by-pass highuay

4. The Industrial Buffer D i s t r i c t (18)

Landtake: Elements:

388.5 Ha. Undeve Ioped

5. Total landtake for a l l the above Buffer D i s t r i c t Categories 4105.0 Ha.

\ 1
Community buffer district (CB) r MADINAT YANBU AL-SlNAiYAH
\
Central buffer district (CEB)

Peripheral buffer district (PB)

BUFFER DISTRICTS PLAN

Industrial buffer district (18) Figure 1.2.6

Figure 1.2.6

C. Conservation Areas: These areas shal l be preserved by l imi ted use and control led access
for viewing and educational purposes. See Figure 1.1.6.

Landtake:

Conservation Area I - 364.65 Ha. Elevated board ua lks

Viewing stations
Conservation Area 2 - 121.88 Ha. Interpretation signs and graphics
Conservation Area 3 - 612.50 Ha. Protection from h m n and grazing animal intrusion

Total landtake:

1,099.03 Ha.
2.3 P R I V A T E SECTOR RECREATION F A C I L I T I E S
These are c m n i t y recreation faci l i t i e s that are recamended opportunities for private sector
tourism, sports, recreation and comnercial d e v e l o p n t s .

They are generally subdivided into hro classifications, the greenbelt where the largest c i t y and
regional scale f a c i l i t i e s occur and the h a i i s where local, neighborhood and d i s t r i c t c m n i t y
faci l i t i e s occur.

Opportunities for private sector d e v e l o p n t and/or operation are l isted for each major park or
recreation area. See Figure 1.1.18 for the location o f the t o t a l c m n i t y park network. Refer
t o sub-section 2.2 for pub1 i c recreation faci l i t i e s .

2.3.1 GREENBELT: In the greenbelt there are designated park areas and connecting greenbelt
portions. The designated park areas have t h e i r specific opportunities l i s t e d below. I n
the connecting greenbelt linkages along Shareh Alaina, i n what was o r i g i n a l l y part o f
the C m n i t y Buffer D i s t r i c t , vacant lands are avai lable for special one-of-a-kind
private sector sports and recreation f a c i l i t i e s suitable as citywide and regional
attractions.

2.3.2 COASTAL GREENBELT PARKS: The coastal greenbelt parks are a series o f designated park
areas located one r i g h t next t o the other along the entire c m n i t y coastal edge.

A. FACILITY TYPE SUMMARY: The following section identifies and describes a t least 14
private sector comnercial recreation faci l it y opportunities i n the coastal parks system.
See Figure 1.2.4. They are grouped into hro basic types, those occurring on a regular
basis or more than tuice and by those that occur on1y once or twice along the coast l ine.

1. F a c i l i t i e s o c c u r r i n g o n a r e g u l a r basis:

a. Recreational Transport System (RTS) shal l serve Harbor Island, the East Coastal
C m n i t y Park, Hai i Fahd parks and promenade, the Marina, the West Waterfront
C m n i t y Park, the Recreational Sham and the Shareh Jeddah Recreation Area.

The program elements include bus shelters, parking areas, bus and boat
terminals and docks, signs and graphics, route maps, schedule recomnendations
and a l l other amenities such as waiting areas, toilets, telephone booths and
a l l requirements for the Private Sector t o operate the system.

The RTS shall be the animation and excitement o f the Coastal parks system
making access t o the entire recreational coast1 ine for easy, safe and
convenient use the user, enabl ing the user t o feel comfortable t o park h i s car
once and have the entire coast available t o him. The RTS shall provide an
important l i n k from private car and municipal bus t o a l l areas o f the park.
The RTS may be used t o provide transportation of personal and r e t a i l goods and
services t o pedestrian only areas (such as Harbor Island Park). The Royal
Carmission u i I I have the system designed t o guarantee complete integration into
the coastal parks system. The private sector w i l l then be offered the
camercial d e v e l o p n t opportunity.

b. Bike Rentals: including storage, repair, o f f i c e and rental f a c i l i t i e s .

 c. Boat Ride and Rentals: including dock, storage, repair, o f f i c e and rental
faci l i t i e s for paddle boats rental, glass bottom boat rides and Red Sea boat
rides.

d. Recreation Equipnent Rentals: including storage, repair, o f f i c e and rental

f a c i l i t i e s for a variety of coastal recreation equipnent such as w b r e l las,
cabanas, paddle boards, windsurfing boards and the l ike.

e. Small Cafes including a l l the features o f regular indoor-outdoor cafes on the

coast.

2. F a c i l i t i e s & c u r r i n g o n l y onceor twice:

a. Restaurants: including a l l the features of a high quality indoor-outdoor

restaurant on the coast.

b. Underwater Observatory: including o f f ice, observatory i n the coral reef, the

means of access from the shore t o the coral reef and a l l faci l i t i e s for repair,
storage, etc. The approximate location of the Underwater Observatory w i l l be
suppl ied by the' Royal C m i s s i o n . The f i n a l location o f the observatory shal l
be approved by the Royal C m i s s i o n . Access t o the observatory from land w i I I
be from the West Waterfront Comnunity Park,

c. Hotel Complex: a 7 Ha. s i t e including a recreation hotel complex with

convention faci l i t i e s .

d. Boat Club: a 2 Ha. s i t e including club f a c i l i t i e s and dock for 100 small c r a f t .

e. Aquarim: sized t o support the regional population and bring a l l the marvels
of the Red Sea and i t s coral reefs, including dolphin shows t o the population
i n a profitable way. Educational programs and displays shall be emphasized as
uel l as entertai m n t .

f. Planetarim: sized and provided with attractions for the regional population
that w i l l be profitable. Laser l i g h t shows and the abi l i t y t o sport the
beginning of the Hegira months should be part o f the program. Educational
programs and displays shal l be emphasized as we1 l as e n t e r t a i m n t .

g, Hol iday Development: 23 hectares a t the Recreational Sharm shal l emphasize the
active holiday recreational aspect of the c i t y , including but not limited to,
residential holiday bungalows, childrens water park, mini-golf, scale grand
prix/go-kart t r a c t and a m u s m n t / t h m park.

h. Marine Service Station: sized t o provide f a c i l i t y and service for the nunber
and range o f recreation water vehicles i n use around the c i t y .

i. Fun Park: a high qua1 i t y r i d e and attraction park t o be located on the c i t y

center end o f Harbor Island Park.

8. FACILITY LOCATIONS: The locations for the above elements and f a c i l i t i e s i n the Coastal
Greenbelt Parks are shown below (see the above sub-sections for descriptions):

. East Coastal Comnuni t y Park Proposed Faci l i t i e s :

a. Recreation Transport System (RTS) and Headquarters.

 c. Restaurant

2. Harbor Island Park Proposed Facilities:

a. Bike Rentals - one bike rental, repair, storage and o f f i c e f a c i l i t y .

b. Boat Rides and Rental: Red Sea/Coastal reef boat rides; two paddle boat rental
o f f ices, storage and dock faci l i t i e s .

c. Recreation equipnent rental o f f ice and storage location i n each service center.

d. Cafes - six small cafes located i n service centers.

e. Restaurant - one a t c i t y center t i p

f. Fun Park - one near c i t y center t i p

3. North and South Waterfront and Crescent Promenade

a. No private sector f a c i l i t i e s .

4. Marina: The dredged area, i f f u l ly u t i l ized, could contain some boats o f average
size. The proposed marina i s o f the semi-recessed type.

Easy access for boat t r a i l e r s i s essential and a large car park (1.5 : I car/boat
r a t i o ) must be within easy walking distance of the moorings. M a x i m boat
dimensions would be 4.3 m t o 21.3 m. (length range); 1.01 m t o 2.16 m (draft) and
1.5 t o 6.0 m. (beam). S l ipuay boat storage, hoists, repairs, fuel l ing, spares shops,
are among the necessary features.

Provision should be made also for leisure areas, landscaping, service/information,

club, harborinaster, hotel and residential accarmodat ion,

The marina i s expected t o be bui I t and operated by the private sector, nevertheless
there shal l be a 10 meter easement along the waterfront for a pub1 i c use waterfront
promenade which w i l l provide the greenway l ink establ ishi ng the continuous greenbelt
around the comnunit y .
Landtake: Elements and Faci I i t i e s :

19 Ha.. Total Water surface, 6 Ha.

Land surface, I 3 Ha.
Entirely private sector except for
pub l ic coasta l promenade easement
Apartments
Hotel, Conference center
Club
Restaurant (s)
Cafe(s1
C m r c i a l retai l
A I l marina services
Coastguard harbormaster bui lding and checkpoint
 5. West Waterfront Comnunity Park:

a. Bike rentals concession

b. Boat rides and rental -Red Sealcoral reef boat rides, one paddle boat rental
concession (a1 I faci l it i e s t o be combined with the paddle boat rental
concession)

c. Recreation equipment rental

d. Four small cafes

e. Restaurant

f . Underwater observatory access

h. Planetariun

6. Shareh Jeddah Recreation Area:

a, Two bike rental concessions

b. Boat rides and rental

c. Recreation equipment rental - three with rental offices and storage f a c i l i t i e s

7. Recreationa I Sharm:

a. Bike rental

b, Boat rides and rental

c. Recreation equipment rental

d. 7 hectare hotel com~lex

e. 2 hectare boat club

f. 23 hectares o f holiday development

g. Marine service station

2.3.3 LANOWARD GREENBELT PARKS: The landward greenbelt parks are a non-continuous series of
designated parks around the north, east and south edges o f the comnunity. See Figure
1.2.5.

A. FACILITY TYPE S W Y : The f a c i l i t y opportunities are specialized for each o f the

designated park areas.
 0. FACILITY LOCATIONS:

I . Botanical Garden:

a. Restaurant/Coffee Shop (225 m2) -

located i n elevated position, terraced for
views of gardens t o include: dining area (inside and external terrace),
kitchen, pantry, fast food counter, t o i lets (male/female), store, o f f ice,
entrance, reception area.

2. Al-FaisaI, Al-Semairi and Al-Yagoot Greenbelt Parks:

a. No private sector f a c i l i t i e s

3. Lake Yanbu Greenbelt Park:

a. Coffee shop

b. StabIes/equestr ian t r a i I s

4. Al-Ageeg West Greenbelt Park

a. ElMX track

b. Bowling a l ley

c. Refreshment pavi l l ion

5. Abu Bakr A l -Sedeeq

a. No private sector f a c i l i t i e s

2.3.4 HAll OPPORTUNITIES: There i s a wide range of opportunities from local scale t o
c m n i t y r i d e scale i n the private sector developnent of a network of c m n i t y
recreation faci l ities.

A. FACILITY TYPE S W R Y :

I. C m n i t y Wide Recreation Facilities

a. Stadiun
b. Major sports ground
c. Youth hostel

2. D i s t r i c t Faci l i t i e s

a. Sports centers: This indoor/outdoor sports faci l i t y can accomodate a variety

of sports a c t i v i t i e s such as tennis, badminton, basketbal I, vol leybal I, squash,
and wimning. It can also be used for physical and recreational a c t i v i t i e s
such as w i g h t training and gymnastic. They vary i n size depending upon
whether they function as d i s t r i c t , neighborhood or local centers.

A I l of these are expected t o be bui It and/or run by private sector.

 An average size sports center w u Id cover 1,500 m2 and inc lude:

Indoor courts 2,500 sq. m.

Hu It ip le-use-cour t s (1,200 sq. m.)
Squash/handba I I ( 500sq. m.)
Support faci I i t i e s ( 800 sq. m. 1

Outdoor courts 2,500 sq. m.

Parking for 75 cars 2,400 sq. m.
Playing f i e l d s 2,600 sq. m.

b. Olympic swimning pool (5011)

c. Youth centers

3. Neighborhood Faci l i t i e s

a. Sports centers (seeabove)

b. Swimning pools (2%)

4. Local F a c i l i t i e s

a. Sports centers (see above)

b. Swimning pools (2%)

c. Sports grounds ( t u r f surface)

d. Tennis courts

e. Indoor courts

f. Recreation h a l l s

g. Auditoria

0. FACILITY LOCATIONS: See Figure 1.2.3.

, Haii Al Nawa

a. D i s t r i c t sportscenter ( I )

b. Recreation buildings (8)

c. Auditoriun (I)

d. Tennis courts (6)

e. Swimning pools - 2% (14)

f. Sports ground ( I )

g. l ndoor courts (6)

2. Haii Al Semairi

a. Sports grounds (2)

b. Tennis courts (7)

c. Recreation ha1 I s (4)

d. Outdoor courts (2)

e. Swimning pools - 25 m (3)

3. Hai i Radwa

a. Local sports centers (4)

b. Sports grounds (2)

c. Tennis courts (2)

4. Haii Faisal

a. Major sports ground (I

b. Swimning pool - 50 m (I)

c. Swimning pool - 25 m (1)

d. Sports ground ( 1 )

e. Youth center (I)

f. Youth hostel (I)

5. Haii A l Jabriah

a. D i s t r i c t sportscenter (I)

b, Swimning pool - 25 m (I)

c. Sports ground ( I)

6. HaiiAinAlNaua

a. Local sports centers (2)

b. Sports ground (I)

c. Swimning pool - 25 m (I)

 7. Haii Abdulaziz

a. Neighborhood sportscenter (I)

b. Sports ground (I)

c. Swimning pools - 25 mn (2)

8. Haii Alnakheel

a. Sports grounds (3)

b. Swimning pools - 25 m (3)

9. Haii Khaled

a. Neighborhood sports center (I)

b. Sports ground (i)

c. Swimning pools - 25 m (3)

10. Haii A l Sobh

a. Sports ground (1)

b. Suimning pool - 25 m (I)

II. Haii Johaina

a. Major sports ground ( I )

b. Neighborhood sportscenter (I)

c. Sports ground ( 1)

d. Swimning pools - 25 m (2)

e. Youth center (I)

. 12. Haii A l Oyoun

a. D i s t r i c t sportscenter (I)

b. Swimning pool - 50 m (I)

c. Swimning pool - 25 m (2)

d. Sports ground (I)

13. Hsi i At Bsthna

a. Swimningpwl - 2 S m ( I )

b. Sportsground (1)
Implementation 3
M I T Y : In design a condition of harmony, that the varied parts visually appear as a whole or
totality.

URBAN FABRIC: Describes the assemblage of a l l open space and a l l b u i l t physical units
(bui Idings) i n the comnunity.

4.2 L I S T OF REFERENCES
A l l of the following references are work performed for the Royal Carmission for Jubai l and
Yanbu, unless otherwise noted. For histor ica I preference they have been arranged
chronologica I Iy. These references docunent the history of the landscape development at Madinat
Yanbu A l -Si na iyah.

1972; Kingdm of Saudi Arabia Western Region Plan by Robert Matthew,

Johnson-fibrshal l and Partners Consultants for the Ministry of Interior .
2. 1976; General Survey of the Surface and Sub-surface Condtions i n the Yanbu
Region by Dames and Moore and Basi I Geotechnics S.A.

3. 1977; Yanbu Industrial Canplex Master Plan by Saudi Arabian Parsons Limited
i n association 'with Arthur D. L i t t l e , Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, De
Leuw, Cather International, Dames and Moore and Tetra Tech Inc.

Vo lume 1 : Land Use

Volune 2: lnfrastructure
Volume 3: Implementation

4. 1978; Yanbu Town and Sub-Region Study by Zuhair Fayez and Associates with
L leuel yn-Davis Weeks.

5. 1978; Marine Site Investigations by Tetra Tech Inc.

6. 1980; Developnent Plan and Urban Design Study by Idea Center.

7. 1980; Envirommtal Studies by Ecology and Environment of Saudi Arabia.

1983; Overview and Status Report of the Mangroves, ibid.

1983; Underwater Mar ine Observatory, ibid.

10. 1983; Coastl ine Model ling Study by Delft Hydraul ics.

1 1. 1983; Parks, Recreation and Landscape Design by Zuha ir Fayez and Associates.

Vo lune I: Env ir o m n t a l Resource Ana lys is

Volume 2: Planning and lnfrastructure Analysis
Volume 3: Synthesis
Volume 4: Botanical Garden
Volune 5: Sharm and Enviromnta l Impact Assessment
Volume 6: Corniche and Perimeter Road
Volume 7: Landscape Development Plan Alternatives
Volume 8: Island Park
Volune 9: Coast l ine and Miscel laneous
Volume 10: Landscape Development Plan
Volume I I: Landscape Design Manua l
Vo lume 12: Landscape Maintenance Manw l
12. 1994; Evaluation of Recreation Facilities i n the Permanent Camunity by Saudi
Arabian Parsons Limited.

I . 1985; Cannunity Oevelosmmt Plan by Saudi Arabian Parsons Limited.

14. 1986; Zoninp Regulations of Medinat Yanbu Al-Sinaivah by Regulation and

Control Oepartrnent of Municipality

15. 1986; Subdivision Repulations of M i n a t Yanbu Al-Sinaiyah, ibid.

6 1987; General Desipn Criteria and Technical Guidelines by Saudi Arabian

Parsons Limited

17. 1987; 1977 Master Plan Revision by Regulation and Control Department of
Municipality

t t ENDOF SECTION 4 t t
 SECTION 5
APPENDICES

5 . 1 ENVIRONMENTAL I N T E R P R E T A T I O N - SYNOPSIS
5. I. I INTROWCTIOIJ: Enviromntal interpretation i s a profession whose objective i s t o
interpret the unique values of the mnmede historical systems and natural systems i n a
way that increases public awareness and understanding. The goal i s t o increase pub1 ic
appreciation and then increase public c m i t m e n t and action t o respect, support and
preserve the inportant ecological and h i s t o r i a l values o f the environment. It i s
inportant to support the ideal that education can be fun and i s one of the greatest types
of recreation i n which one can spend h i s time i n constructive and exciting ways.

The methods used t o explain e n v i r o m n t a l systems vary fran signs, models, displays,
s e l f + t i d e d walks, interpreters taking people on guided walks and tours t o actual
life-size restorations o f the real world that i s being interpreted. The Asir National
Park i n the Kingdan i s a great exmple patterned after national parks i n the United
States. The program and f a c i l i t i e s are used t o creatively interpret the natural and
historical values and features within the park areas.

Interpretive program and interpreters should present information i n ways that are fun
and helpful. Such programs are considered m s t appropriate because rules, pol icies, laws
and safety precautions can be explained i n acceptable, approving and en1 ightening ways.

5.1.2 HISTORY: The profession of Enviromnta l Interpretation was developed in the United
States. The National Park Service i n the U.S. has been the key leader in developing
interpretive p r o g r m since it was organized i n 1916. The Association of Interpretive
Natural i s t s (A. I.N.) was later organized t o promote professions l irn among interpreters.

.
5. I 3 THE SCOPE Of ENV IRWENTAL INTERPRETATION

A. DEFINITION: Enviromntal ~ n t e r ~ r e t a t i oi ns defined as f o l lows:

. An education a c t i v i t y which aims t o reveal meaningsand relationship through theuse

of original objects by f i r s t hand experience, and by i l lustrative media.

. 2. The knerican philosophy of e n v i r o m n t a l interpretation says it t h i s way,

"Interpretation leads t o awareness which leads t o understanding which leads t o
protect ion."

B. OBJECTIVES: The profession recognizes the following three basic objectives for
interpretation:

I. To assist the v i s i t o r i n developing a keener awareness, appreciation and

understanding o f the area visited. The ultimate goal i s t o affect an attitude change
coupled with a behavior change which leads t o support of efforts/programnes t o
protect valuable natural and cultural resources.
 2. To accompl ish management goals. This involves encouraging thoughtful use of land and
water resources and minimizing h m n impact on these resources. This i s a c c q l ished
through special programs, planning and design,

3. To promote public understanding of an agency and i t s program. This involves

pranoting good pub1i c relations.

HETHOOS: The above objectives are accomplished through the following four general
methods:

I. Personal or Attended Services - t h i s involves programs personally attended and

presented by the interpretor which includes talks, demonstrations, conducted
activities, walks, and l iving interpretat ion (actual restoration and re-enactment of
a setting).

2. Nonpersonal or Unattended Services - t h i s involves s e l f guiding devices through use

o f publications, signs, exhibits, t r i a l s , museuns, etc.

3. Electronic Gadgetry -
t h i s involves electronic devices t o carmunicate t o the public
using video tape, T.V., tape recorders, radio, etc.

4. Special Programs - involves programs for the physical l y handicapped, environmental

education, urban interpretation, safety, children, o f f season, etc.

There are certain c r i t e r i a that must be a w l ied i n order t o assure the success of the
above methods.

- The uhole must be presented rather than a part.

- The subject must have relevance, meaning and relate t o something the individual
understands.

- ldeasandrelationshipsrnustberevealed i n a n i n s p i r i n g w a y .

- The presentation must be responsive t o a l l groups including chi ldren.

D. TYPES: Individuals called "Interpreters" are primarily found i n national, regional and
- municipal park systems. At museums, zoos, comnercial enterprises, such people are cal led
hosts, guides, tour guides, etc.

Enviromntal interpreters may be u t i l ized a t any pub1i c faci l ity.

 Types of interpreters identified by s i t e include the following:

1. Park lnterpreter
2. Publ ic Lands l nterpreter
3. Historical Site lnterpreter
4. Museum Interpreter
5. Zoo l nterpreter
6. Arboretum lnterpreter
7. Theme Park lnterpreter
8, Tourist Site or Resort lnterpreter
9. Farm Interpreter
10. l ndustr ia l lnterpreter
II. Urban l nterpreter
12. Govermnta l or Lega l lnterpreter
13. Transportation System lnterpreter
14. Islamic lnterpreter
15. Coast Guard lnterpreter
16. Landscape Planning Interpreter
17. Ecological lnterpreter
18. Geologic l nterpreter

This wide range of interpreters indicates the wide range of potential for educating the
pub1 i c about the e n v i r o m n t i n which they live.

E. BENEFITS: Envi r o m n t a I interpretation can have numerous beneficial impacts on the

pub1 ic.

I. Increases pride, respect, honor, appreciation i n the individual for h i s country's

her i tage.

2. Preserves u n i q u e s i t e s o f historical and natural, cultural value.

3. Provides opportunities for recreation and constructive use of leisure time where
leaning and education i s natural and fun.

4. Provides unique t o u r i s t attractions a t local, regional and national levels.

5. Contributes too and potentially may be the major strength for the economic base o f a
region.

. 6. Provides employment and teaches and develops ski l I s and abi l i t i e s that preserves
ones unique heritage .
7. Contributes and i s a key factor towards good pub1 ic relations for government
agencies and p r i v a t e / c m r c i a l institutions.

8. Teaches the importance of and the methods used for the wide use o f the land and i t s
natural resources.
 9. Reinforces the principles and tents as written i n the Koran and strengthens the
individual's f a i t h and devotion t o God's w i l l and respect for God's creations and
good relationships between individuals and h i s society.

F. EXAMPLES: The f o l lowing are a feu outstanding examples o f interpretive faci I i t i e s and
developments that are international, national or regional attractions found i n the
Kingdom o f Saudi Arabia and the U.S.A.

I. Disney World, Florida: The ultimate i n interpretation, comnunicating ideas and

providing unique educat iona I/retreat iona I opportunities and experiences. The tota l
s i t e with a l l i t s programs, f a c i l i t i e s , developments and attractions i s an example
o f l i v i n g interpretation, a l iving demonstration, a showcase o f how man solves h i s
urban and c m n i t y problems. It demonstrates respect for nature and how man can
l i v e i n harmony with nature. It meets the objectives and principles of
interpretation i n the most imaginative ways possible. As a f i n a l outcane, it has
becane the uorld's foremost destination and tourist resort area where people o f a l l
- 4 a t i m B L l i r e d l a ~ a n dlearn together.

2. Asir National Park, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Interpretive center and outdoor
f a c i l i t i e s provide an interpretation of the natural and cultural values and
resources by on-si t e experience and through various media using f i lms, exhibits,
Rodels, demonstrations and t r a i Is.

3. Jamestown and Yorktown National Historic Park, Virginia: An lnterpretat ion o f the
f i r s t settlers i n knerica and the revolution leading t o an independent nation
beginning with the establishment of the 1J colonies of the United States. A
fascinating story of the wars and revolutionaries, such as Washington, Jefferson,
and others who were determined t o fight for their freedoms.

4. Williamsburg, Virginia: Another key comnunity along with Jamestwn and Yorktown
that was a c r i t i c a l part of the settlement of knerica and the revolution. A l i v i n g
outdoor museun with original bui ldings i n the town that has been preserved and/or
restored under the Rockefel ler Foundat ion, a private institution. The townsi t e has
been restored as i t once existed i n the early 1700's along with a t o t a l way o f l i f e ,
including people dressed and uorking as they did i n that period o f history. A great
example of l i v i n g interpretation and one of the most popular tourist attractions i n
the nation.

5. Other excel lent examples are: Greenfield V i l lage/Henry Ford Museun, Detroit;
- 9 n i thsonian l n s t i tution, Uashington D.C.

States, county and metropol itan parks systems i n the U.S. a l l have excel lent examples of
professional ly done interpretation programs, fac i I it ies and developnents. A l l preserve
and explain natural and cultural h i s t o r i a l sites and events that have local, regional and
national significance. These programs are a strong part o f the economic base for their
areas and develop a strong sense of pride, honor and appreciation for the c i t i z e n and
v i s i t o r s i n the country.
5.1.4 MYAS OPPORTUNITIES: Many envi r o m n t a 1 interpretation opportunities are present i n MYAS.
A limited selection are l i s t e d below:

A. Historical, natural and cultural themes can be establ ished for parks.

B. An underwater wild l i f e c m n i t y demonstration can be established showing the ecological

relationships related t o man's survival.

C. A typical fishing v i l lage can demonstrate comnercial endeavors from the ancient past t o
the present.

D. A typical desert village comnunity can demonstrate Bedouin and s e t t l e r l i f e styles,

E. A demonstration of the history o f Red Sea ships can be developed.

F. Demonstrations showing potable water being extracted from sea water and o i l being
extracted from the earth can be presented,

G. This history of the region as an entry point for the p i lgrimage can be presented,

Special programs related t o various recreational activities, can provide instruction on

safety, support and pranote policies, keep areas clean and help solve resource and
v i s i t o r management problems.

5.2 TREATED SEWAGE EFFLUENT QUALITY STANDARDS

Care should be taken t o ensure that the i r r i g a t i o n water supply conforms with the following
guide1 ines:

5.2.1 WAL lTY ASSESSMENT: The principal qua l it y character i s t i c s o f TSE necessary for
assessment i n relation t o i t s use for i r r i g a t i o n are:

A. Total Dissolved Sol ids (Sal i n i t y ) (TDS)

Electrical Conductivity (EC)

Sodiun Absorption Ratio (SARI
Residua l Sod iurn Carbonate (RSC)

B. Toxic Trace Elements

C. Suspended Sol ids

( i 1 Suspended Sol ids

(ii) Biological Content

D. Public Health and Safety Aspects

 E. Modifying Factors

Precise parameters, m a x i m and m i n i m , for the factors outlined i n 5.1.1. should not be
used without consideration of the following modulations:

A. Soi I type/Texture

0, Irrigation Regime

D. Individual Plant Species Tolerance

5.2.2 RECOmENDED TSE WATER WALlTY FOR IRRIGATION: The f o l lowing c r i t e r i a may be used as a
guideline specification for water quality t o be used for i r r i g a t i o n purposes:

A. TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS

(i) Electrical Conductivity (EC)

EC i s electrical conductivity measured i n mhos/cm a l l a t 25OC.

Normal ly quoted as EC x 10 stated as mi I l imhos/cm or

EC x 10 stated as micromhos/cm

C r i t i c a l values are (EC x 10):

Lou sal i n i t y hazard 0-250

Miun sa l i n i t y hazard 250-750
High s a l i n i t y hazard 750-2250
Very high s a l i n i t y hazard 2250t

( i i ) Sodium absorption r a t i o (SAR)

Measures the sodium hazard (which effects s o i l a l k a l i n i t y i n terms o f the

concentration of Nat ions r e l a t i v e t o other cat ions, (Cat Hgt are major ones).

A l l concentrations expressed i n m i l l i equivalents per l i t e r . (me/lt)

C r i t i c a l values are (me/lt)

Lou sodium hazard 0- 10

Medim sodium hazard 10-18
High sodium hazard 18-26
Very high sodium hazard 26t

An SAR value below 8 i s considered safe for most soils, an SAR value above 15 i s
considered t o be c r i t i c a l .
 (iii) Residual sodium carbonate (RSC)

A further measure o f a l k a l i n i t y hazard, Define as:

RSC = (co2-2 t HC03-I) - ( c A + ~t Mg*2)

A I l concentrat ions expressed i n mi I l i equ iva lents per l it e r (me/l t)

C r i t i c a l values are (me/lt)

Safe
Marginal
Unsuitable

0. TOXIC TRACE ELEMENTS

Recomnended M a x i m Concentrat ion of Trace Elements i n lrr igat ion Water.

A I l concentrat ions expressed i n mi I l igram per l it e r , (mg/ lt)

For waters For use up t o 20 years

used continuously on on fine textured
coarse textured soi I s soi I s o f Ph 6.0 t o 8.5

Element

Aluminum
Arsen ic
Beryl iun
Boron
Cadmi um
Chrani um
Coba It
Copper
Flouride
lron
Lead
Lithiun
Manganese
Mo Iy bdenun
Nickel
Selenium
Vanadium
Zinc

Source: Proposed C r i t e r i a for Water Qual ity. U.S. Enviromnta l Protection

Agency, October 1978.
 The l i m i t s t o continuous use are applicable t o coarse textured soi I s with an acid
reaction i n which the toxic elements do not suffer any form o f inactivation. (under
alkaline conditions due t o precipitation and inactivation, the concentration i n the s o i l
solution may be less than i n the appl ied water). The 20-year c r i t e r i a can be interpreted
as meaning that, u i t h the concentrations listed, a 20-year application period results i n
a concentration i n the s o i l water equal t o a c r i t i c a l level, i.e. a progressive
a c c m l a t i o n of the toxic element and a progressive increase i n concentration i n the
so i I water .
SUSPENDED SOL IDS

(i A suspended sol ids content of :

Good 5 mg/lt
Average 5 q/lt
Maxim 30 mg/lt

v i t l p r w h i e ~ esuitable
t for BFipemi#ers,+cloviding r u h a h l e d e s i g n s of
erni t t e r s are used and provision i s made for f lushi nq out the l ines t o ensure no
accunulation of small particles. Primary screening w i l l be carried out a t the
Treatment Plant. In addition, a screen f i l t e r should be installed a t every remote
control valve.

( i i) Biological Content

Chlorination t o a standard by which a free chlorine residual i s maintained i n the

f i n a l effluent assists i n keeping the i r r i g a t i o n distribution free of bacterial
slimes and algaes.

A normal dose rate of approximately 10 mg/lt w i l l result i n a free chlorine content

i n the effluent of less than I mg/lt acting as controller.

This amount i s substantially less than the amount l i k e l y t o damage plants.

Generally, 50 mg/lt and less free chlorine can be tolerated by adult land plants:
but young plants i n nurseries and some plants with sensitive root hairs can be
damaged a t 10 mg/lt uhi le tolerating 5 mg/lt. Aquatic plants are more sensitive and
can be damaged with free chlorine residuals above 2 mg/l t.

PUBLIC HEALTH AND SAFETY ASPECTS

-By&kr-tR&en
-The degree& t i s i n f g e + k r t & t e v & of ii hmsfic_sewage e f f Iuent i s
dependent upon the canposi t i o n of the swage and i t s pH and temperature, and on the
chlorine dose applied and time of contact. The reaction i s complex and not completely
predictable as the bacterial load o f the effluent m y fluctuate over a large range dai l y,
With proper control o f the swage treatment process, especial l y with regard t o
achievement of the BOD and suspended sol ids standards, the disinfection standard of 2.2
MPN/100 ml (*I should be attained.
 The chlorine applied t o the effluent w i l l not result i n a bacteria-free water, but should
normal l y result i n eradication o f the pathogenic bacteria. The maintenance o f a free
residual chlorine i n the effluent and the provision o f substantial contact time
substantially aid disinfection. The fate o f viruses are less easy t o predict since, for
t h e i r complete destruction, substantially higher dosages o f chlorine are known t o be
required. Parasites and amoeba cysts, which are also more resistant t o chlorine, would
however probably be removed by the sewage treatment proposed.

The foregoing limitations t o the treatment suggest that the use o f spray i r r i g a t i o n
techniques i s preferably avoided, except i n remote areas where the pub1i c can not gain
access. Wind speeds o f up t o 14 d s (50 W h ) are experienced on s i t e and could carry
spray a considerable distance, suggesting that even i f spray techniques are used i n
remote areas, care m s t be taken t o ensure that spray cannot be wind-carried t o other
pub1i c places. The use o f drip-emitters, or bubblers i s i n a l l cases t o be preferred.

Provided the treatment plant comes under s k i l l e d control and i s well maintained, and the
disinfection can be shown t o meet the required standard, there should be no pub1i c health
r i s k i n using the treated effluent for i r r i g a t i o n by the suggested means, and i t s use
should not give r i s e t o objectionable characteristics.

(*) "MPN" - k s t Probable Nunber (of coliform bacteria). The standard o f "2.2 MPN/100
mlw i n practice requires 4 out of 5 tests on 10 ml samples from a single portion o f
the effluent t o give a negative reaction when tested for the presence o f col iform
bacteria.

5.3 T S E I R R I G A T I O N WATER A L L O C A T I O N S
5.3.1 GENERAL: Both TSE and potable i r r i g a t i o n water are used throughout the s i t e as mandated
by the I r r i g a t i o n Water Policy i n sub-section 1.3.9. The amount o f area that can be
planted i s derived by the amount of TSE available. Detai led potable and TSE i r r i g a t i o n
a l locations and design imp1ications are included i n the Landscape Design Manual.

5.3.2 TSE ALLOCATIONS BY AREAS: The following TSE allocations are based upon ultimate
population projections (118,200) from the Comnunity Develop- ment Manual, August 1984.
These a l locations are for pub1i c landscaping on1y. The Rule o f Thunb (ROT) factor o f -30
cubic meters per person per day return o f usable TSE i r r i g a t i o n water provides 35,460
m3 per day for c i t y r i d e public landscaping. See Figure 1.5.1 below.

=====-----~I=~--II==--=~~-=~~P~~IP=PI-I~~I=--~PP~.P~~=~=I~~~~~~OI=P=-~=-P~D~I~O~=~

Figure 1.5.1

Surmary o f TSE A l locations by Areas for MYAS

-
TSE

Comnunity Hai i s
Greenbe It
Tareeq Al-Malik M u l a z i z
Remaining Industrial and Outlying Areas

35,460 m3 per day

-I-~1l=---~~I~~I=-OP1aI==-~.i-~-P--=aIPPPPIi.IPP1IPta~~==~-il~EIPLOIPIP=~~
5.3.3 TSE METERING: I n order t o establish a data base for use efficiency monitoring, studies
and a l locat ion adjustments, a program for TSE metering i s hereui t h included.

The metering of each individual use of TSE would be extravagant and impractical,
therefore, only selected representative areas shou Id be metered.

A. Al l uses outside the responsibi l i t y of the Municipal Landscape OBM Contractor should be
metered.

I. Currently t h i s would include industrial users, the Labor camps (Hai i Al-Sauari) and
the tanker truck f i l l station.

B. Special ly ident if ied landscaped areas under the responsi b i l it y of the Municipal Landscape
OBM Contractor shou Id be metered.

I. The specially identified areas t o be metered f r a n secondary TSE irrigation

connections w u I d inc lude:

a. The Municipal ~ u r s e r y

b. Haiis Al-Naua, Alnakheel and Al-Oyoun

c. Harbor Island Park, West Waterfront Canwnity Park

d. Al-Ageegkst Greenbelt Park, Haii Faisal Greenbelt Park

e. Botanical Garden

f. Selected sections of Tareeq Al-Malik Abdulaziz, industrial roads and c m n i t y

roads

g. Addi t iona l areas as deemed necessary

2. The special ly identified areas t o be metered from remote control valve boxes would
inc Iude:

a. Selections o f water conserving and f u l l value plants

b. Four local parks and four local cannercial centers

c. Selected section o f greenways

d. Additional areas as deemed necessary

5 . 4 MYAS N A T I V E PLANT PROGRAM

5.4.1 PROPOSAL: The Municipality o f MYAS would be responsible for the germination, propagation
and testing o f the native plants through the Landscape O M contract and i t s
nursery/propagation faci l it ies. The street tree nursery has a l l the suppl ies, equipnent
and fac i l i t ies, inc luding greenhouse and exper irnenta l area. The KT4 L-2650 Landscape OdM
contract makes provision for personnel t o accanpl ish t h i s work.
 The Municipality Education Department would coordinate the collection of native plant
data and the long term management o f the program through the I n s t i t u t e o f H m n Resources
Development i n Yanbu's Horticultural Program. Through t h i s program, Saudi youth cou Id
becane f u l l y aware of the native plant heritage while making a significant s c i e n t i f i c and
comnunity contribution. Ultimately, the Saudis trained i n t h i s program could take direct
responsi b i l it y for the development, establ ishment and management of the Native Plant
Garden conceived as part o f the conceptual program for an MYAS Botanic Garden. In
addition, an education specialist could develop f i e l d t r i p s for primary, intermediate and
secondary school chi ldren, t o see and learn about native plant t r i a l s and installations
a t MYAS.

Native Plant Research Centers:

A. Municipal Nursery
B. IHRDY Nursery
Native Plant Field Test Locations
Native Plant Collection in Botanical Garden
Existing Royal Commission Conservation Areas
\
AREAS WHERE SELECTED NATIVE PLANTS MAY BE
INTRODUCED: MADINAT YANBU AL-SINAIYAH

-.I
11111111 Along the Jeddah/Yanbu Bypass Highway.
Bufferzones along Tareeq Al-Malik Abdulaziz and
Shareh At-Mina. PROPOSED NATIVE PLANT PROGRAM
a ~ ~ m . 1 1 8 Open areas in Community Greenbelt and Shelterbelt.

--r Coastal areas immediately adjacent to Conservation

Areas No. 1 and 2. Figure 1.5.2

Figure 1.5.2

5.4.2 PLANT SELECTION CRITERIA: The c r i t e r i o n for selection o f native plants shall be proven
i n the germination, testing and propagation period and shal l include but not be l imi ted
to:

A. Esthetic considerat ions; color o f f o l iage, appearance year round, general form,
 B. Provision o f amenties, shade, flowers, f r u i t s .

C. Cultural adaptabi l ity; succeeds i n MYAS soi l without soi l transfer or amendment,
withstands wind, sun, s a l t without supplementary protection, tolerates establ ishment with
treated seuage ef f l uent, does not require regular maintenance.

D. Longevity; has sufficient l i f e span so as not generate regular maintenance needs.

E. I r r i g a t i o n requirements; requires, a t the most, i r r i g a t i o n only during i t s f i r s t year

establ ishment.

5.4.3 MANAGEMENT COORDINATION: The f i n a l program c r i t e r i a for the testing and evaluation would
be coordinated for approval through the Program Division.

The decision o f which successful native plants w i l l be permanently planted where, w i l l

rest with the landscaping section o f C m n i t y Projects i n Program Division, The selected
plants wou Id be incorporated into the pertinent design and construct ion contract packages.

We foresee a minimum o f 3 years before some o f the f i r s t results o f the testing program
can be confirmed.

5.4.4 ACT ION PLAN FOR EXPERIMENTAL NATIVE PLANT AT MADINAT YANBU AL-S INAIYAH.

A. PURPOSE: This action plan identifies the milestone a c t i v i t y requirements i n order t o

i n i t i a t e the propagation and testing of native plants a t MYAS during FY 1408.

B. PROGRAM PARAMETERS: With t h i s program, no additional FY 1408 funding w i l l be required.

The program work w i I I be limited t o the germination, testing and evaluating o f the 20 or
so species o f native plant seeds col lected i n the Yanbu sub-region by Dr. H.T. Vincett.
Growing t r i a l s w i l l take place within the Landscape OBM nursery. The plant testing and
evaluating program w i l l be establ ished based upon Dr. Vincett's recomnendat ions and the
MSCes MYAS Native Plant Program Proposal c r i t e r i a . We foresee a minimum of 3 years before
some o f the f i r s t results of the testing and evaluating program can be confirmed.

C. PROGRESS REWRTS: Biannual progress reports shal l be generated for Royal C m i s s i o n

review.

D. SCHEDULE

Activity Action by Forecast Completion Date

I . ldent i f y MSC Engineering Department Roya I C m i s s i o n Upon Program Approval

Landscape Architect, Mhamed
A l Malki as Project Manager

2. IdentifyMunicipal LandscapeOdW Roya I C m i ss ion Upon Program Approva l

Contract Nursery Manager, John
Matthews as Project Superintendent

3. Completedetailedgermination, Mr. A l Malky January 1987

testing, evaluation and record- Mr. Mattheus
keeping program and set up on M I S MIS
computer software systems
 Activity Action by Forecast C a w l e t ion Date

4. Begin propagation and test ing Mr. Hatthews February 1987

program (upon Cert if icate o f
Possession o f MYAS Street
Tree Nursery Faci Ii t y )

5. Submit f i r s t biannual progress Mr. Al HaIky August 1987

report

LANDSCAPE MAINTENANCE G U I D E L I N E S
INTROWCTION: The purpose o f t h i s section i s t o enunerate some general guide1 ines t o
which future maintenance contract specifications and operat ion procedures sha l l adhere i n
order t o generate continuity between construction and maintenance contracts and provide a
trackable and stable history of maintenance operations.

GENERAL HYG IENE

A l l horticultural practices shall be carried out according t o top quality international

standards.

A I l sidewalks, other paved areas and planted areas shal l be free a t the end of the debris
of a l l soi I and plant debris generated by each day's work.

No more than two days shal l elapse between general trash and debris clean-up i n every
pedestrian and planted areas. During t h i s s i t e review, dying or dead plants, damaged and
malfunctioning i r r i g a t i o n equipment, shall be identified and then replaced within one
week.

Special c r e w shal l be assigned t o review for storm damage imnediatel y a f t e r a storm such
that a survey o f a l l damage i s available within one day a f t e r the storm.

Soi l and sand cleaned from paving areas shal l be removed t o the Sanitary Landf i l I. It
shal l not be desosited i n t o stone mulch or planted areas.

There shall be a scheduled program for mechanical equipment service for regular
adjustments rather than waiting for breakdowns.

A I l hand tools be thorough1y cleaned and stored a t the end o f each day.

A l l chemicals shall be f u l l y labelled i n Arabic and English, kept i n sealed containers

and stored i n cool, dark and securage storage. Poisonous chemicals shal l be kept locked.

Safety t o hunans and animals during and a f t e r application, damage t o valuable plants and
long terms residual effects shal l be careful ly analyzed, evaluated, docunented and
understood before any chemical appl ication i s made.

A l l equipment used for spray applications shall be thoroughly cleaned a t an approved

location imnediately a f t e r spraying has been completed.
FERTILIZING

A detailed general f e r t i l i z i n g program shal l be established including balanced slow

release f e r t i l izers, iron supplements and trace elements for potable and treated sanitary
effluent irrigated plantins.

Specific f e r t i l izing program shal l be established for special plant for soi I problems.

Sane f e r t i l izers may, on breakdown, have an odor disagreeable t o h m n s . These

f e r t i l i z e r s shall not be used heavily or regularly i n public locations.

Records suitable for canputer storage shall be kept of a l l f e r t i l i z a t i o n including but

not limited t o generic and s c i e n t i f i c name of f e r t i l i z e r , application rate, area covered,
date, t o t a l amount used, plants f e r t i l ized, dates and observations of responses t o
f e r t i l izer applications.

A one year inventory o f a l l f e r t i l izer stock shal l be the minimum i n the warehouse and a
procurement schedule sha l l be establ ished t o assure the inventory i s always a t that level.

WEED CONTROL

A weed shal l be defined as any plant growing out of place or where i t i s not desired.

A specific weed control program shall be established including but not limited t o having
properly qualified personnel on s i t e t o positively identify the weeds, determine t h e i r
habitat, l i f e history (cycle), and why they are growing, decide upon the most equipnent
for the specific control methods, order inventory of a l l weed control suppl ies, remove
the weeds, maintain records of a l l weed control program a c t i v i t i e s and maintain a l l weed
control equipnent.

Control methods may be cultural, chemical or mechanical but i n any case a l l landscaped
areas (planting beds, bare earth, stone mulch and paved areas) shall be kept weed free
year round.

A l l landscaped areas sha l l be monitored every tm, weeks for weeds and the weed control
program shall be organized for imnediate action on a l l weed problems.

The ueed control program shal l careful ly evaluate cultural and mechanical controls p r i o r
t o i n i t i a t i n g chemical control.

The weed control program records shal l be suitable for computer storage and include but
not be limited t o botanical name of weed, location of problems, date o f problem, control
method used, chemical, generic and s c i e n t i f i c name, amount and date used, area covered,
personnel doing appl ication and response t o control method.

A one year inventory o f a l l weed control chemicals shal l be the minimum i n the narehouse
and a procurement schedule shall be established t o assure the inventory i s always kept a t
that level.

PEST AND DISEASE CONTROL

Any abnormal condition which adverse1y affects plant processes, appearances, v i t a l it y or

growth shall, i n general, be called a plant disease,
 A specific integrated pest and disease control program shal l be establ ished including but
not limited t o having properly qualified personnel on s i t e t o positively identify pests
and diseases, t h e i r habit and l i f e cycle, t o develop alternative control methods, t o know
the proper procedures and equipnent for the specific control methods, t o order and
inventory a l l control supplies, t o control a l l pests and diseases, t o maintain complete
records of a l l pest and disease a c t i v i t i e s and t o maintain a l l pest and disease control
equipnent.

The integrated pest and disease control program shal l include regular inspection o f a1 l
landscaped areas a t least once every two weeks and upon identification of a problem,
imnediate action shall be taken.

Control methods may include chemical and non-chemica l approaches. A l l non-chemica l

approaches shall be reviewed and evaluated prior t o i n i t i a t i n g chemical control methods.

The integrated pest and disease control program records shal l be suitable for computer
storage and include but not be limited t o the s c i e n t i f i c name of each pest and disease,
l i f e cycle of pest or disease, alternative control methods, location of problem, date
problem identified, control method used and date of application, quantification of
control method and area covered, personnel responsible and response t o control method.

A one year inventory o f a l l pest and disease control chemicals shal l be the m i n i m i n
the warehouse and a procurement schedule shal l be establ ished t o assure the inventory i s
kept a t that level.

A separate qua1 i t y control monitoring program shal l be established t o assure that other
non-chemical control methods are effective1 y implemented.

PRUN ING

Pruning shall be accomplished by personnel who have demonstrated on s i t e expert

competence i n a1 l aspects of pruning. The Royal Carmission shal l inspect and verify
levels o f competence for each pruner before he i s regularly assigned t o the task.

A species specific pruning program shal l be developed on a l l maintenance contracts.

The pruning shal I be carried on t o develop the natural form of the tree, a strong sturdy
trunk and an evenly distributed secondary branching structure.

Shrub pruning shall be carried on t o develop the natural form of the shrub, with
. consideration o f flowering characteristics, The goal of shrub pruning shal l be the shrub
maintaining i t s natural form year round with a maximized flowering season.

Shearing shal l be appropriate only for hedge type growth and a l l designs shal l indicate
location, size and shape o f desired hedges. No shearing shall be done of plants not
f unct ion ing as hedges.

A t not time shal l the main leader(s1 of a tree be cut back or any shrub be clear cut t o
the ground without the specific approval o f the Royal Carmission's senior horticultural
consultant .
5.5.7 GENERAL PLANT CARE

A. Tree stakes shal l always be kept i n an upright, vertical and perfectly straight and true
position.

0. Tree guys shal l be kept taut a t a l l times.

C. Ties for stakes and guys shall be checked monthly and shall be imnediately adjusted as
.
necessary t o prevent g ir d l ing

D. A l l stakes and guys shall be removed as soon as the tree i s established and can
structural ly f u l ly support itsel f .

E. Trees, shrubs and groundcovers shal l be kept i n t h e i r natural form i n f u l l and healthy
f o l iage according t o t h e i r annw l growth cycles.

F. Lawns sha l l be kept green throughout the year.

G. Special flower displays (annual, perennials, bulbs) for key high, v i s i b i l i t y locations
shal l be nursery grown, yet acclimated for the s i t e and f u l l budded before planting out.

H. Interior planters shall always be kept brimful o f plants t o give the appearance o f f u l l
t o overflowing.

I. A one year inventory o f a l l materials required i n general plant care shal l be the m i n i m
i n the warehouse and a procurement schedule shal l be establ ished t o assure the inventory
i s kept a t the level.

5.5.8 MA lNTENANCE NURSERY

A. The nursery shall maintain a propagation program t o produce replacements for a l l plants
on s i t e including but i s not limited to, woody plants, aquatics, hydronic interior
plants, annuals, perennials and bulbs.

0. Shrubs shal l be stocked up t o 5 gal Ion container size and trees up t o 100 mn caliper.
Plant replacements shal l be as close t o existing size as the above requirements permits.

The nursery should endeavor t o maintain an on-going plant introduction program t o widen
the variety o f plants that can thrive here.

D. . The nursery shal l maintain s t r i c t records, u t i l izing international ly approved botanical

names, for a l l plants including but not limited to: detai I s of propagation techniques,
media, results, dates, times, conclusions and personnel involved.

E. Records sha l l be suitable for canputer storage.

F. A one year inventory o f a l l supplies, essential t o the propagation and other a c t i v i t i e s

i n the nursery, shal l be the m i n i m i n the warehouse and a procurement schedule shal l be
establ ished t o assure the inventory i s kept a t that level.
5.5.9 IRRIGATION

A. An i r r i g a t i o n check-up progrm developed and staffed by qua1 i f i e d i r r i g a t i o n technicians

shall be instituted, including but not limited to: weekly checking o f a l l i r r i g a t i o n
outlets, weekly cleaning o f a l l y-strainers, weekly checking o f a l l controllers, periodic
checking o f functioning parts, repair and replacement o f a l l defective parts and detailed
records of a l l activities.

B. A I l i r r i g a t i o n maintenance records shal l be suitable for computer storage and include but
not limited to: date problem identified, date problem resolved, personnel responsible
for work, parts involved and manhours required.

C. A one year inventory of a l l i r r i g a t i o n materials shall be the minimun i n the warehouse

and a procurement schedule shal l be establ ished t o assure the inventory i s kept a t that
level.

A. Time/labor studies shal l be undertaken for each landscape maintenance task as it i s

actually performed on site. These studies shall be c e r t i f i e d by the Royal Carmission and
sha l l be the standard against which a l l maintenance tasks planning sha l l be measured.

5.5. I I RECORDS

A. Organization o f a l l records shall be geared toward the e f f i c i e n t establishment of a

landscape operations and maintenance data bank t o which dai ly reference can quick1y and
eas i ly be made.

8. Record format shal l a t least be canpatible t o available computer software format and
preferably entered and stored i n the Royal Carmission Prime canputer.

5.5.12 MAINTENANCE STANDARDS AND PRIOR1TIES: The f o l lowing paragraphs indicate a general order
o f p r i o r i t y with the top p r i o r i t y being the f i r s t paragraph:

A. The maintenance o f a l l i r r i g a t i o n systems i n top effective and e f f i c i e n t running order,

cal ibrated t o the specific plant needs as seasonal requirements i s the highest
maintenance p r i o r i t y .

B. Trees, which provide the shade t o make the landscape usable during the daylight hours,
shall be carefully pruned from the nursery or through t h e i r e n t i r e l i f e . Especially
. because of the favorable soi l tem~eraturesand use o f TSE, pruning during the formative
juvenile years must be top p r i o r i t y . Trees planted closely together i n shelterbelt or
windbreak plantings w i I I be o f substantial l y lower pruning p r i o r i t y .

C. Because weeds steal the l imi ted water resources and the growth from the ornanental plants
weed-free planting areas are a high p r i o r i t y ,

D. lawns must always be kept trimned and healthy. Since many o f the lawns are Bermuda grass,
the adjacent areas of stone mulch and shrubs m s t always be kept free o f the grass.

E. Shrubs and groundcover care should be minimized by adherence t o MYAS plant spacing
guide1 ines which are included as an appendix t o the Landscape Design Manual,