SHS

General Biology 1 Activity Sheet

Quarter 2 – MELC 6
Week 3
Cellular Respiration

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

General Biology 1
Activity Sheet No. 6- Cellular Respiration
First Edition, 2020

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Region 6 – Western Visayas

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

This Learning Activity Sheet is developed by DepEd Region 6 – Western Visayas.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be reproduced or

transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical without written permission
from the DepEd Regional Office 6 – Western Visayas.

Development Team of General Biology 1 Activity Sheet

Writer: FAMELA R. RETAMAR

Content and Language Editing:

MARY CHERRY LYNN M. DALIPE

Division of Aklan Management Team:

MIGUEL MAC D. APOSIN
JOSE NIRO R. NILLASCA
DOBIE P. PAROHINOG
MARY CHERRY LYNN M. DALIPE
MAHNNIE Q. TOLENTINO

Regional Management Team

MA. GEMMA M. LEDESMA
JOSILYN S. SOLANA
ELENA P. GONZAGA
DONALD T. GENINE
ROVEL R. SALCEDO
MOONYEEN C. RIVERA
ANITA S. GUBALANE
MINDA L. SOLDEVILLA
DAISY L. LOPEZ
JOSEPH M. PAGALARAN
Introductory Message
Welcome to General Biology 1!

The Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of

the Schools Division of Guimaras and DepEd Regional Office VI - Western
Visayas through the Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD).
This is developed to guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents and
responsible adults) in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to
12 Basic Education Curriculum.

The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials

aimed to guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and
time using the contextualized resources in the community. This will also
assist the learners in acquiring the lifelong learning skills, knowledge and
attitudes for productivity and employment.

For learning facilitator:

The General Biology 1 Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the
leaching-learning activities specified in each Most Essential Learning
Competency (MELC) with minimal or no face-to-face encounter between you
and learner. This will be made available to the learners with the
references/links to ease the independent learning.

For the learner:

The General Biology 1 Activity Sheet is developed to help you

continue learning even if you are not in school. This learning material
provides you with meaningful and engaging activities for independent
learning. Being an active learner, carefully read and understand the
instructions then perform the activities and answer the assessments. This
will be returned to your facilitator on the agreed schedule.
Name of Learner:__________________________________________________________
Grade and Section:______________________________Date: ____________________

GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 ACTIVITY SHEET No. 6

Cellular Respiration

I. Learning Competency with Code

Explain the major features and sequence the chemical events of

cellular respiration (STEM_BIO11/12-Ila-j-7)

II. Background Information for Learners

Organisms need energy to survive. At cellular level, energy must be supplied

as the cell: organizes small organic molecules into polymers, such as proteins and
DNA; pumps substances across the membrane; move or change shape; grow and
reproduce. This simply tells that cells work to maintain its complex structure and
to perform these tasks, cells require energy.
Humans also use great deal of energy while thinking, and even sleeping. In
fact, the cells of every organism constantly use energy. Energy enters most
ecosystems in the form of sunlight, the energy source of plants and other
photosynthetic organisms. Animals obtain fuel by eating plants or by eating other
organisms that eat plants.
Like a generating plant, organisms also must take in energy from the
environment and convert it into one form that the cells can use. Energy enters
organism’s body in one form and is converted into another to fuel the organism’s
life functions.
In the process of photosynthesis, plants and other photosynthetic producers
take in energy in the form of light (solar energy) and convert it into chemical
energy, glucose, which stores this energy in its chemical bonds.
A series of metabolic pathways extract the energy from the bonds in glucose
and convert it into a form that all living things can use. This process is called
cellular respiration

Cellular respiration can be summarized by the following formula:

C6H12O6 + 6O2 →6CO2 + 6H2O + 36-38 ATPs

Cellular respiration is the most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway, in

which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel. In eukaryotic
cells, mitochondria house most of the metabolic equipment for cellular
respiration.

This process is similar to the combustion of gasoline in an automobile engine

after oxygen is mixed with the fuel (hydrocarbons). Food is the fuel for respiration,
and the exhaust is carbon dioxide and water. The overall process can be
summarized as follows:

Organic Carbon
compounds + Oxygen dioxide + water + energy

Specifically,
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36-38 ATPs
III. Activity Proper

The Process of Cellular Respiration

Respiration is a cumulative function of four (4) metabolic stages or events:

A. Glycolysis
B. Pyruvate oxidation
C. The Krebs cycle
D. The electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation

A. Glycolysis . It occurs occurs in the cytosol and begins the degradation by

breaking glucose into two molecules of a compound called pyruvate. The
diagram below shows the process of glycolysis.

Directions: Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow.

Source: [Link]
Figure 1. Glycolysis

1. What happens to glucose molecules during the process of glycolysis?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

2. How many ATP molecules are produced during the process?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

3. What is the end product of glycolysis?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
B. Pyruvate oxidation. Each pyruvate from glycolysis goes into the mitochondrial
matrix—the innermost compartment of mitochondria. There, it’s converted into a
two-carbon molecule bound to Coenzyme A, known as acetyl CoA. Carbon dioxide
is released and NADH is generated.

Directions: Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow.

Source: [Link]

Figure 2. Pyruvate Oxidation

1. What is produced in pyruvate oxidation which the electron carrier NAD+

takes to the electron transport chain?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

2. During the process a carboxyl group is removed from pyruvate, what then
is released?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. What are the product during this process? If you consider the two
pyruvates that enter from glycolysis (for each glucose molecule), how
many of these are produced?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

C. Krebs cycle. Takes place within the mitochondrial matrix, completes the job by
decomposing a derivative of pyruvate in carbon dioxide. This process begins when
acetyl-coA combines with four-carbon molecule called oxaloacetate. This produces
citric acid, which has 6-carbon atoms. This is why the Krebs cycle is also known
as citric acid cycle.

After citric acid is formed, it goes to a series of reactions that release energy. The
energy is captured in molecules of NADH, ATP, and FADH₂. Carbon dioxide is also
released as waste product.
The final step of the Krebs cycle regenerates oxaloacetate, the first acid formed at
the beginning of the process. This molecule is needed for the next turn of the cycle.
Two turns are needed because glycolysis produces two pyruvic acid molecules.

Directions: Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow.

Source: [Link]

Figure 3. The Krebs Cycle

1. What is the first product of the cycle? How is this produced?

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2. How many reactions does it take to complete the cycle? What are the
products for each reaction?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. Name the energy-carrying compounds that are formed in the cycle. How
many of these are produced during the Kreb’s cycle?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4. Why are there two turns of Krebs cycle for each glucose molecule?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
D. Electron Transport Chain
In the last stage of respiration, the electron transport chain accepts
electrons from the breakdown products of the first two stages (usually NADH)
and passes these electrons from one molecule to another. At the end of the
chain, the electrons are combined with hydrogen ions and molecular oxygen
to form water. The energy released at each step of the chain is stored in a
form the mitochondrion can use to make ATP. This mode of ATP synthesis is
called oxidative phosphorylation because it is powered by the redox reacions
that transfer electrons from food to oxygen.
The site of electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation is
the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. Oxidative phosphorylation
accounts for almost 90% of ATP generated by respiration.

Directions: Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow.

Source: [Link]

Figure 4. The Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation

1. In this stage, what is the final electron acceptor of the electrons removed
from the intermediate compounds in glucose catabolism?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the process in electron transport chain that make use of energy
from a proton gradient to make ATP?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

3. What do you think is the function of ATP synthase in this last stage of
cellular respiration?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
 4. Oxygen sits at the end of the electron transport chain, where it accepts
electrons and picks up protons to form water. If oxygen isn’t there to
accept electrons (for instance, because a person is not breathing in
enough oxygen), will there be ATP produced? Why and why not?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

5. How many ATP molecules are produced at the end of the process?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
dit: [Link]

Direction: Use the diagram to express your answer below.

Figure 5. The Process of Cellular Respiration

Explain the major events of the celluar respiration based on the given
diagram.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
IV. Reflection

Complete the statements below.

I understand
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

I don’t understand
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

I need more information about

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

V. Links and/or Other References

Desaix, J., Jurukovski, V., Wise. R., Rye, C. (2016). Depatment of Education
General Biology 1 Textbook for Senior High School (pp. 168-181),
Vibal Group Inc., Araneta Avenue, Quezon City

Campbell, N. A., Reece, J. B., Mitchell, L. G.(1999). Biology Fifth

Edition.(pp.147-153), Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., Menlo Park,
California
[Link]
[Link]
 Activity Proper.
Glycolysis
1. Glycolysis converts one six-carbon molecule of glucose into two three-
carbon molecules of pyruvate.
2. Two ATP molecules are produced in the process.
3. Two three-carbon molecules of pyruvate.
Pyruvate Oxidation
1. Hydrogen is produced which the electron carrier NAD+ takes to the
electron transport chain.
2. Carbon dioxide is released as a product.
3. The products for each glucose are: 2 acetyl Coenzyme A (Acetyl-coA), 2
NADH, 2 carbon dioxide (CO₂ ).
The Krebs Cycle
1. Citric acid is the first product produced in the process which formed when
acetyl-coA combines with oxaloacetate.
2. There are eight (8) reactions in the process. The products produced are:
citrate, isocitrate, α-ketoglutarate, succinyl-coA, succinate, fumarate,
malate, oxaloacetate.
3. The energy-carrying compounds that are formed in one turn of the cycle
are 3NADH, 1FADH₂, and 1ATP. (x 2 for the two turns of the cycle)
4. There two turns of Krebs cycle for each glucose molecule because there are
two pyruvate molecules produced in glycolysis which go through the
process.
The Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation
1. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor of the electrons removed from the
intermediate compounds in glucose catabolism.
2. Chemiosmosis make use of energy from a proton gradient to make ATP.
3. ATP synthase is an enzyme that directly generates adenosine triphosphate
(ATP) during the process of cellular respiration. ATP synthase forms ATP
from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and an inorganic phosphate (Pi)
through oxidative phosphorylation, which is a process in which enzymes
oxidize nutrients to form ATP.
4. The electron transport chain will stop running, and ATP will no longer be
produced by chemiosmosis.
5. 36 -38 ATPs
VI. Answer Key