National College of Business Administration & Economics
Assignment No 1
Presented To: Dr. A.R Chaudhary
Prepared by: Muhammad Qasim Ali (M.Phil20Fall20)
Course: Research Workshop ii
Topic: Technical Paper & Conference Proceedings
Introduction
My name is Syed Muhammad Qasim Ali and I am the student of M. Phil Economics at
NCAB&E. This is my 3rd semester and I have registered 3 courses Research
Workshop II, Advanced Microeconomics and Research Methods. I am serving as
Officer Coordination at University of Management and Technology since 2018. It is
an awesome workplace and I have many goals on whom I am working.
Research Method Topics
I have covered the following topics which I remember.
Research Method Definition
Types of Data
Sources of data
How to design questionnaire
These topics had some sub topics which covered whole book.
1. Technical Paper
Whether experienced at writing papers or just beginning, it is always useful to have
your memory refreshed on what constitutes a successful technical paper. Clearly, a
successful paper is one that is accepted into a technical publication and then is read
and referenced by others.
Key Parts of a Technical Paper:
1. Abstract
2. Introduction
3. Work Done
4. Results & Discussion
5. Conclusion
6. References
Abstract:
The Abstract should be clear and concise, a single paragraph, typically 200 words
maximum. It should include the purpose, a brief description of the work, and the
pertinent results or conclusions. The English should be impeccable, especially if an
international audience is expected.
Introduction:
The Introduction is the true start of the paper. Do not make the mistake of thinking
that the Abstract is a sort of first paragraph; it is totally separate. The Introduction
does just that it introduces the reader to the work.
A typical Introduction includes four paragraphs. The first paragraph is the
place for those wordy, eye catching phrases giving the reasons for and importance of
the work, and why someone would want to read the paper. The second and third
paragraphs contain a brief description of the background to the problem and the
connection of the present work to the background. The final paragraph includes a
clear statement of the purpose or goal of the work; it is an expansion from the
Abstract. This will lead the readers smoothly into the start of the actual work of
paper.
Work Done:
This is the main part, or “meat” of the paper, and includes the work done, results,
analysis, and discussion sections. The exact layout and section titles will vary
depending on the topic.
A description of the work and methods used, i.e. how the work was
performed, should be given in the first section. A mistake sometimes made is to list
the equipment used, as if it were a lab report. If a description of any of the
equipment used is necessary in understanding the work, then it is acceptable to
describe that key equipment.
Results & Discussion:
Next, the results should be given and analyzed. The results section is sometimes
separated from the discussion section, but usually they are combined. Tables,
graphs, and diagrams should be used to help visualize and explain the results and
analysis. Each table and figure needs a written explanation; do not assume the
reader can understand it on their own. What may be obvious to the authors may not
always be obvious to others. Discussing the results is also important, but leave the
conclusions for the Conclusion section. The objective here is to provide an
interpretation of your results and a description of any significant findings. This will
logically lead readers into the Conclusion section.
Conclusion:
This is a place many authors get stuck. They have written up their work and
described, analyzed, and discussed their results. What more can be said without
repeating everything in the summing up? This is the time for the author to sit back
and think about how their work relates to the big picture.
The author should review their original stated purpose, the results, and
discussions. Perhaps there is more that can be done to further the work. With these
thoughts fresh on the mind, the conclusion can then be written such that it is not
simply a “we did this, this, and that”, but rather a concise summing up, or review,
followed by a brief discussion on how your findings relate to the big picture. A
discussion of any recommendations for further work is also a fine addition, if
relevant.
References:
Sometimes an Acknowledgement section is inserted just before the Reference
section. This is especially important if funding has been received from a special
source for the work and research that was performed. Co-workers who assisted in
the work but were not involved in the final writing may also be listed here. There are
many categories of references or works cited, so use the style guide. It is essential to
supply a comprehensive and relevant set of references.
This is necessary because it gives credit to those who have done similar work
and it indicates to the reviewers that you have done your homework. Papers that
only reference the author’s previous work or a few recent papers attract the
reviewer’s attention as being incomplete. A word about authors and co-authors: the
IEEE has a policy concerning who should be included as co-authors on a paper.
2. Conference Proceedings
Conference proceedings are a collection of abstracts and papers presented at
conferences. They often present preliminary research findings and the full results
may be published in a journal some time later.
Not all conferences publish proceedings. Proceedings that are published may be part
of a book, a special issue of a journal, free on the web, or distributed to conference
attendees only.
Why are they important?
Conference proceedings may contribute valuable insights into a particular field of
research and should be considered when undertaking a comprehensive literature
review, particularly in science and health.
The publication process for conference proceedings is normally shorter than for
journals so they can provide insights into industry and discipline trends, as well as
point to the most current research/studies/trials in a particular field.
The information disseminated through conference proceedings is often not reported
anywhere else, or at least not for some time.
The papers presented at a conference have typically been accepted following a
review process, however, not all published proceedings are peer reviewed so it is
important to assess the quality of the conference. Criteria to consider:
Impact of previous papers (through citation counts)
History or longevity of the conference
Relationship to industry (sponsors)
Submission and acceptance rates
Credentials of the conference committee members.
Conference Proceedings References
The University Referencing Guide has examples for published conference
proceedings and unpublished paper presentations (i.e. collected or viewed at the
conference).
APA - Conferences
Chicago - Conferences
AGLC - Conference papers and similar documents
The APA Style Blog has further examples that may be relevant.
APA Style Blog - Conference Materials
http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/tools/report/reportform.html
http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/tools/report/reportform.html
https://www.emcs.org/acstrial/newsletters/summer10/TechPaperWriting.html
