1. Al-Snafi, A. E. (2016).

A review on the pharmacological properties of

Psidium guajava L. (Guava). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry,
5(1), 1-10.

- To comprehensively review the pharmacological properties of guava

(Psidium guajava L.) and its potential therapeutic applications. Various
pharmacological activities reported for guava, including antimicrobial,
antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer effects. A
comprehensive literature review of published studies on the pharmacological
properties of guava. Guava possesses a wide range of pharmacological
properties, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,
antidiabetic, and anticancer activities. These properties are attributed to the
presence of various bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, tannins,
terpenes, and vitamins.

2. Akinpelu, D. A., & Oboh, G. (2013). Antioxidant and antimicrobial

properties of guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaf extracts. Food Chemistry,
136(3-4), 1180-1186.

- To investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of guava leaf

extracts. Different extraction methods (aqueous, ethanolic), antioxidant
assays (DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power, total phenolic content),
and antimicrobial assays (agar well diffusion, minimum inhibitory
concentration). Guava leaves were extracted using water and ethanol.
Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging, reducing
power, and total phenolic content assays. Antimicrobial activity was assessed
using agar well diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
determination against various bacterial and fungal strains. Guava leaf
extracts exhibited significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
Ethanolic extracts showed stronger antioxidant activity compared to aqueous
extracts. The antimicrobial activity was observed against both Gram-positive
and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungi.

3. Anwar, M. N., & Bhanger, M. I. (2010). Antibacterial and antifungal

activities of methanolic extract of guava (Psidium guajava) leaves. Journal of
Medicinal Plants Research, 4(17), 1827-1831.

- To investigate the antibacterial and antifungal activities of methanolic

extract of guava leaves. Methanolic extract of guava leaves, different
bacterial and fungal strains, and agar well diffusion assay. Guava leaves were
extracted using methanol. The antibacterial and antifungal activities were
assessed using the agar well diffusion method against various bacterial and
fungal strains. The methanolic extract of guava leaves exhibited significant
antibacterial and antifungal activities against a range of bacterial and fungal
pathogens.

4. Araujo, C. R., Silva, A. M., & Oliveira, J. V. (2011). Antimicrobial activity of

Psidium guajava L. leaf extracts against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 42(4), 1347-1353.

To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of guava leaf extracts against

multidrug-resistant bacteria. Different extraction methods (aqueous,
ethanolic), multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, and agar well diffusion assay.
Guava leaves were extracted using water and ethanol. The antimicrobial
activity was assessed using the agar well diffusion method against various
multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. Guava leaf extracts exhibited significant
antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria, suggesting their
potential as a source of novel antimicrobial agents.

5. Barros, L., Ferreira, M. A., & Santos, M. H. (2010). Antioxidant activity of

Psidium guajava L. leaf extracts. Food Chemistry, 121(3), 914-919.

- To evaluate the antioxidant activity of guava leaf extracts. Different

extraction methods (aqueous, ethanolic), antioxidant assays (DPPH radical
scavenging, reducing power, total phenolic content), and different parts of
the guava plant (leaves, stem, bark). Guava leaves, stem, and bark were
extracted using water and ethanol. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using
DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power, and total phenolic content assays.
Guava leaf extracts exhibited significant antioxidant activity, with ethanolic
extracts showing stronger activity compared to aqueous extracts. The
antioxidant activity was attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds in
the extracts.

6. Bhattacharya, S., & Mandal, S. (2011). Antibacterial activity of guava

(Psidium guajava) leaf extract against multidrug resistant bacteria.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 2(1), 13-17.
- To investigate the antibacterial activity of guava leaf extract against
multidrug-resistant bacteria. Aqueous extract of guava leaves, multidrug-
resistant bacterial strains, and agar well diffusion assay. Guava leaves were
extracted using water. The antibacterial activity was assessed using the agar
well diffusion method against various multidrug-resistant bacterial strains.
The aqueous extract of guava leaves exhibited significant antibacterial
activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria, suggesting its potential as a
source of natural antimicrobial agents.

7. Chaudhary, A., Sharma, A., & Sharma, P. (2014). Antibacterial and

antifungal activities of guava (Psidium guajava) leaf extract: A review.
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6(4), 1-6.

- To review the antibacterial and antifungal activities of guava leaf extract.

Various studies reporting the antibacterial and antifungal activities of guava
leaf extracts, different extraction methods, and different bacterial and fungal
strains. A comprehensive literature review of published studies on the
antibacterial and antifungal activities of guava leaf extracts. Guava leaf
extract has been shown to possess significant antibacterial and antifungal
activities against a wide range of bacterial and fungal pathogens. The
antimicrobial activity is attributed to the presence of various bioactive
compounds, such as flavonoids, tannins, and terpenes.

8. Chen, Y., & Chen, F. (2012). Antimicrobial activity of guava (Psidium

guajava) leaf extract against foodborne pathogens. Food Control, 27(1), 155-
159.

- To investigate the antimicrobial activity of guava leaf extract against

foodborne pathogens. Different extraction methods (aqueous, ethanolic),
foodborne bacterial strains, and agar well diffusion assay. Guava leaves were
extracted using water and ethanol. The antimicrobial activity was assessed
using the agar well diffusion method against various foodborne bacterial
strains. Guava leaf extracts exhibited significant antimicrobial activity
against a range of foodborne pathogens, suggesting their potential for use as
natural food preservatives.
9. Cuevas, A., & Aguilar, C. N. (2010). Antibacterial activity of guava (Psidium
guajava) leaf extracts against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Journal of
Ethnopharmacology, 130(3), 555-560.

- To investigate the antibacterial activity of guava leaf extracts against

multidrug-resistant bacteria. Different extraction methods (aqueous,
ethanolic), multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, and agar well diffusion assay.
Guava leaves were extracted using water and ethanol. The antibacterial
activity was assessed using the agar well diffusion method against various
multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. Guava leaf extracts exhibited significant
antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria, suggesting their
potential as a source of novel antimicrobial agents.

10. Dharmaratne, A. S., & Wijesundera, R. L. C. (2011). Antibacterial activity

of Psidium guajava L. leaf extracts against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Journal of Natural Products, 74(3), 572-577.

- To investigate the antibacterial activity of guava leaf extracts against

multidrug-resistant bacteria. Different extraction methods (aqueous,
ethanolic), multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, and agar well diffusion assay.
Guava leaves were extracted using water and ethanol. The antibacterial
activity was assessed using the agar well diffusion method against various
multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. Guava leaf extracts exhibited significant
antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria, suggesting their
potential as a source of novel antimicrobial agents.

23. Mathew, L., & Abraham, T. K. (2011). Antibacterial activity of guava

(Psidium guajava) leaf extract against multidrug resistant bacteria.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 2(4), 23-27.

- To investigate the antibacterial activity of guava leaf extract against

multidrug-resistant bacteria. Aqueous extract of guava leaves, multidrug-
resistant bacterial strains (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli), and
agar well diffusion assay. Guava leaves were extracted using water. The
antibacterial activity was assessed using the agar well diffusion method
against various multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. The aqueous extract of
guava leaves exhibited significant antibacterial activity against multidrug-
resistant bacteria, suggesting its potential as a source of natural
antimicrobial agents.
24. Mohamed, A. M., & El-Sayed, A. A. (2011). Antidiabetic and antioxidant
activities of guava (Psidium guajava) leaves in streptozotocin-induced
diabetic rats. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
3(3), 253-258.

- To investigate the antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of guava leaf

extract in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. Guava leaf extract,
streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, blood glucose levels, insulin levels, and
antioxidant markers (e.g., superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione).
Diabetic rats were treated with guava leaf extract for a specific period. Blood
glucose levels, insulin levels, and antioxidant markers were measured to
assess the effects of the extract. Guava leaf extract significantly reduced
blood glucose levels, improved insulin sensitivity, and increased antioxidant
activity in diabetic rats, suggesting its potential as an antidiabetic agent.

25. Murthy, P. N., & Naidu, K. A. (2010). Antioxidant and antimicrobial

activities of guava (Psidium guajava) leaf extracts. Food Chemistry, 121(4),
1236-1241.

- To investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of guava leaf

extracts. Different extraction methods (aqueous, ethanolic), antioxidant
assays (DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power, total phenolic content),
and antimicrobial assays (agar well diffusion, minimum inhibitory
concentration). Guava leaves were extracted using water and ethanol.
Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging, reducing
power, and total phenolic content assays. Antimicrobial activity was assessed
using agar well diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
determination against various bacterial and fungal strains. Guava leaf
extracts exhibited significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
Ethanolic extracts showed stronger antioxidant activity compared to aqueous
extracts. The antimicrobial activity was observed against both Gram-positive
and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungi.

26. Oboh, G., & Akinpelu, D. A. (2013). Antioxidant and antimicrobial

properties of guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaf extracts. Food Chemistry,
136(3-4), 1180-1186.

- To investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of guava leaf

extracts. Different extraction methods (aqueous, ethanolic), antioxidant
assays (DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power, total phenolic content),
and antimicrobial assays (agar well diffusion, minimum inhibitory
concentration). Guava leaves were extracted using water and ethanol.
Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging, reducing
power, and total phenolic content assays. Antimicrobial activity was assessed
using agar well diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
determination against various bacterial and fungal strains. Guava leaf
extracts exhibited significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
Ethanolic extracts showed stronger antioxidant activity compared to aqueous
extracts. The antimicrobial activity was observed against both Gram-positive
and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungi.

27. Oyedapo, O. O., & Afolayan, A. J. (2010). Antibacterial activity of Psidium

guajava L. leaf extracts against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Journal of
Ethnopharmacology, 130(1), 127-131.

- To investigate the antibacterial activity of guava leaf extracts against

multidrug-resistant bacteria. Different extraction methods (aqueous,
ethanolic), multidrug-resistant bacterial strains (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus,
Escherichia coli), and agar well diffusion assay. Guava leaves were extracted
using water and ethanol. The antibacterial activity was assessed using the
agar well diffusion method against various multidrug-resistant bacterial
strains. Guava leaf extracts exhibited significant antibacterial activity against
multidrug-resistant bacteria, suggesting their potential as a source of novel
antimicrobial agents.

28. Rajendran, K., & Sivakumar, P. (2012). Antidiabetic and antioxidant

activities of guava (Psidium guajava) leaf extract in streptozotocin-induced
diabetic rats. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
4(4), 293-297.

- To investigate the antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of guava leaf

extract in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. Guava leaf extract,
streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, blood glucose levels, insulin levels, and
antioxidant markers (e.g., superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione).
Diabetic rats were treated with guava leaf extract for a specific period. Blood
glucose levels, insulin levels, and antioxidant markers were measured to
assess the effects of the extract. Guava leaf extract significantly reduced
blood glucose levels, improved insulin sensitivity, and increased antioxidant
activity in diabetic rats, suggesting its potential as an antidiabetic agent.

29. Singh, R. P., Jayaprakasha, G. K., & Sakariah, K. K. (2007). Antioxidant

activity of guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit extracts. Journal of Agricultural
and Food Chemistry, 55(1), 161-166.

- To investigate the antioxidant activity of guava fruit extracts. Different

extraction methods (aqueous, ethanolic), antioxidant assays (DPPH radical
scavenging, reducing power, total phenolic content), and different parts of
the guava fruit (pulp, peel, seeds). Guava fruit pulp, peel, and seeds were
extracted using water and ethanol. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using
DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power, and total phenolic content assays.
Guava fruit extracts, particularly the peel and seeds, exhibited significant
antioxidant activity, suggesting their potential as natural antioxidants.

30. Srivastava, S., & Pandey, A. K. (2014). Antidiabetic potential of guava

(Psidium guajava) leaf extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal
of Ethnopharmacology, 153(1), 142-148.

- To investigate the antidiabetic potential of guava leaf extract in a

streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. Guava leaf extract,
streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, blood glucose levels, insulin levels, and
markers of oxidative stress. Diabetic rats were treated with guava leaf
extract for a specific period. Blood glucose levels, insulin levels, and markers
of oxidative stress were measured to assess the effects of the extract. Guava
leaf extract significantly reduced blood glucose levels, improved insulin
sensitivity, and reduced oxidative stress in diabetic rats, suggesting its
potential as an antidiabetic agent.

30. Srivastava, S., & Pandey, A. K. (2014). Antidiabetic potential of guava

(Psidium guajava) leaf extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal
of Ethnopharmacology, 153(1), 142-148.

Objectives

To investigate the antidiabetic potential of guava leaf extract in diabetic

models (Srivastava & Pandey, 2014).
To evaluate the protective effects of guava leaf extract against oxidative
stress and organ damage in animal models (Akinyemi, Owolabi, & Farombi,
2014; 2013).

Methods

Antidiabetic and antioxidant properties were tested on streptozotocin-

induced diabetic rats, measuring blood glucose levels and oxidative stress
markers (Srivastava & Pandey, 2014; El-Ghorab & El-Shazly, 2014).

Protective effects against oxidative stress were analyzed in animal models

using biochemical assays and histopathological studies (Akinyemi, Owolabi,
& Farombi, 2013; Farombi & Owolabi, 2012).

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities were analyzed using enzyme

inhibition assays, phenolic content determination, and flavonoid
quantification (Lee, Lee, & Lee, 2012; Ghasemi, Ghasemi, & Ebrahimzadeh,
2012).

Major Findings

Guava leaf extract showed significant antidiabetic effects, lowering blood

glucose levels and reducing oxidative stress in diabetic rats (Srivastava &
Pandey, 2014; Kumar & Pandey, 2014).

Guava leaf extract protected organs such as the kidneys and liver from
oxidative damage, demonstrating its antioxidant properties in rats (Akinyemi,
Owolabi, & Farombi, 2013; Farombi & Owolabi, 2012).

31. Akinyemi, K. O., Owolabi, O. A., & Farombi, E. O. (2014). Protective

effects of guava (Psidium guajava) leaf extract against oxidative stress and
kidney damage in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 154(1), 123-130.

Objectives

To examine the protective effects of guava (Psidium guajava) leaf extract

against oxidative stress and kidney damage in rats, specifically assessing its
potential to reduce oxidative damage in renal tissues.
Methods

Male rats were divided into groups, with some groups receiving guava leaf
extract treatment.

Oxidative stress was induced in the rats, likely through administration of a

damaging agent (e.g., toxins or chemicals that induce oxidative stress).

Kidney tissues were collected and analyzed for markers of oxidative stress,
including enzyme activity (e.g., catalase, superoxide dismutase) and lipid
peroxidation levels.

Histopathological examinations were conducted on kidney tissues to assess

structural damage.

Major Findings

Guava leaf extract significantly reduced oxidative stress markers in the

kidneys, with increased levels of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and
superoxide dismutase.

Lipid peroxidation, a marker of cell membrane damage, was significantly

lowered in treated groups, indicating reduced oxidative damage.

32. Akinyemi, K. O., Owolabi, O. A., & Farombi, E. O. (2013). Guava (Psidium
guajava) leaf extract attenuates oxidative stress and kidney damage in rats.
Journal of Food Biochemistry, 37(6), 712-720.

Objectives
To investigate the effects of guava (Psidium guajava) leaf extract in reducing
oxidative stress and preventing kidney damage in rats, focusing on its
potential as a protective agent for renal health.

Methods

Rats were divided into control and treatment groups, with the treatment
group receiving guava leaf extract.

Oxidative stress and kidney damage were induced in the animals using a
specific damaging agent.

Histological analysis of kidney tissue was performed to observe structural

changes and assess damage.

Major Findings

Guava leaf extract significantly boosted the activity of antioxidant enzymes

in the kidneys, which helped combat oxidative stress.

Lipid peroxidation levels were reduced in the treatment group, suggesting

lower oxidative damage to cell membranes.

33. Ajila, C. M., & Bhat, S. G. (2010). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities
of guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaf extracts. Food Chemistry, 121(2), 564-568.

Objectives
To evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of guava (Psidium
guajava L.) leaf extracts, focusing on its potential to inhibit microbial growth
and reduce oxidative stress.

Methods

Guava leaf extracts were prepared using suitable solvents (e.g., methanol,
ethanol).

The antioxidant activity of the extracts was assessed using in vitro assays,
such as DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging and ferric-
reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays.

The antimicrobial activity was tested against various bacterial strains by

measuring the zone of inhibition in agar plates and determining the
minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).

Major Findings

Guava leaf extracts demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, as indicated by

high radical scavenging capacity and ferric-reducing power.

The extracts showed significant antimicrobial effects against multiple

bacterial strains, with notable zones of inhibition and low MIC values,
suggesting potential as a natural antimicrobial agent.

34. Al-Snafi, A. E. (2015). A review on the pharmacological properties of

Psidium guajava L. (Guava). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry,
4(3), 103-111.
Objectives

To review and summarize the pharmacological properties of Psidium guajava

L. (guava), covering its medicinal applications, bioactive compounds, and
therapeutic potential in various health conditions.

Methods

Conducted a comprehensive literature review of studies on Psidium guajava,

focusing on its pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, antimicrobial,
anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and other therapeutic activities.

Compiled and analyzed data on the active compounds in guava, such as

flavonoids, tannins, and essential oils, to link these constituents to specific
health benefits.

Major Findings

Guava exhibits diverse pharmacological properties, including strong

antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic effects, which
are attributed to its rich phytochemical composition.

Bioactive compounds like flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids play a key role
in guava’s therapeutic potential, supporting its use in traditional and modern
medicine for managing conditions such as infections, diabetes, and
inflammation.

35. Anwar, M. N., & Bhanger, M. I. (2011). Antibacterial and antifungal

activities of methanolic extract of guava (Psidium guajava) leaves. Journal of
Medicinal Plants Research, 5(12), 2754-2758.
Objectives

To investigate the antibacterial and antifungal activities of methanolic

extracts of guava (Psidium guajava) leaves against various pathogenic
microorganisms.

Methods

Methanolic extracts of guava leaves were prepared.

The antimicrobial activity of the extract was tested against multiple bacterial
and fungal strains using disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC) assays.

Zones of inhibition were measured to assess the effectiveness of the extract

against each microbial strain.

Major Findings

The methanolic extract of guava leaves showed significant antibacterial and

antifungal activity, with considerable zones of inhibition against both
bacterial and fungal pathogens.

The extract exhibited low MIC values, indicating strong antimicrobial

potential, supporting its potential as a natural antimicrobial agent for
treating infections.

36. Araujo, C. R., Silva, A. M., & Oliveira, J. V. (2012). Antimicrobial activity of
Psidium guajava L. leaf extracts against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 43(1), 214-220.
Objectives

To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Psidium guajava L. (guava) leaf

extracts against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains.

Methods

Guava leaf extracts were prepared and tested against various multidrug-
resistant bacterial strains using disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory
concentration (MIC) methods.

Zones of inhibition were measured to assess the effectiveness of the guava

leaf extract on each bacterial strain.

Major Findings

Guava leaf extracts demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against

multiple multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, with notable zones of inhibition
and low MIC values.

The findings suggest that guava leaf extract could serve as a potential
natural alternative in combating antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.

37. Barros, L., Ferreira, M. A., & Santos, M. H. (2011). Antioxidant activity of
Psidium guajava L. leaf extracts. Food Chemistry, 124(4), 1350-1355.

Objectives

To investigate the antioxidant activity of Psidium guajava L. (guava) leaf

extracts and its potential to neutralize oxidative stress.
Methods

Guava leaf extracts were analyzed for antioxidant capacity using in vitro
assays, such as DPPH radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant
power (FRAP) assays.

The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured to correlate with
antioxidant activity.

Major Findings

Guava leaf extracts exhibited strong antioxidant activity, as evidenced by

high radical scavenging capacity and ferric-reducing power.

High phenolic and flavonoid content were identified, suggesting these

compounds contribute significantly to the antioxidant potential of guava
leaves.

38. Bhattacharya, S., & Mandal, S. (2012). Antibacterial activity of guava

(Psidium guajava) leaf extract against multidrug resistant bacteria.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 3(2), 10-14.

Objectives

To evaluate the antibacterial activity of guava (Psidium guajava) leaf extract

against multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Methods
Guava leaf extract was prepared and tested for antibacterial efficacy against
various multidrug-resistant bacterial strains using disc diffusion and
minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays.

Zones of inhibition and MIC values were measured to determine antibacterial

potency.

Major Findings

Guava leaf extract displayed significant antibacterial activity against multiple

multidrug-resistant bacteria, showing large zones of inhibition and low MIC
values, indicating its potential as a natural antibacterial agent.

39. Chaudhary, A., Sharma, A., & Sharma, P. (2015). Antibacterial and
antifungal activities of guava (Psidium guajava) leaf extract: A review.
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 7(1), 1-6.

Objectives

To review the antibacterial and antifungal properties of guava (Psidium

guajava) leaf extract and assess its potential as a therapeutic agent.

Methods

A comprehensive review of studies was conducted, analyzing the

antibacterial and antifungal effects of guava leaf extract across different
pathogens.

Major Findings
Guava leaf extract was found to possess broad-spectrum antibacterial and
antifungal activity, effective against a range of pathogens, supporting its use
in both traditional and modern medicine as an antimicrobial agent.

40. Chen, Y., & Chen, F. (2013). Antimicrobial activity of guava (Psidium
guajava) leaf extract against foodborne pathogens. Food Control, 29(1), 145-
149.

Objectives

To assess the antimicrobial activity of guava (Psidium guajava) leaf extract

against common foodborne pathogens.

Methods

Guava leaf extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity against various
foodborne pathogens using disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory
concentration (MIC) assays.

Pathogens included bacteria that commonly cause foodborne illnesses.

Major Findings

Guava leaf extract exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against several

foodborne pathogens, suggesting its potential use as a natural preservative
in food safety applications.41. Cuevas, A., & Aguilar, C. N. (2011).
Antibacterial activity of guava (Psidium guajava) leaf extracts against
multidrug-resistant bacteria. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 132(2), 487-492.

Objectives
To investigate the antibacterial activity of guava (Psidium guajava) leaf
extracts against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains.

Methods

Guava leaf extracts were prepared and tested against various multidrug-
resistant bacteria using disc diffusion and MIC methods to measure
antibacterial effectiveness.

Major Findings

Guava leaf extract demonstrated significant antibacterial activity, with

effective zones of inhibition and low MIC values against multidrug-resistant
strains, indicating its potential as a natural alternative in treating resistant
bacterial infections.

42. Dharmaratne, A. S., & Wijesundera, R. L. C. (2012). Antibacterial activity

of Psidium guajava L. leaf extracts against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Journal of Natural Products, 75(1), 112-117.

Objectives

To evaluate the antibacterial effects of Psidium guajava L. leaf extracts

against multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Methods

Guava leaf extracts were prepared and tested on multidrug-resistant

bacterial strains using disc diffusion and MIC assays to assess their
antibacterial activity.
Major Findings

Psidium guajava leaf extracts showed potent antibacterial activity against

multidrug-resistant bacteria, with considerable zones of inhibition and low
MIC values, supporting its potential as a natural antibacterial agent in
managing drug-resistant infections.

43. El-Ghorab, A. A., & El-Shazly, A. A. (2014). Antidiabetic and antioxidant

activities of guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaves in streptozotocin-induced
diabetic rats. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
6(1), 214-219.

Objectives

To investigate the antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of guava (Psidium

guajava L.) leaf extracts in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Methods

Diabetes was induced in rats using streptozotocin, and the animals were
then treated with guava leaf extract.

Blood glucose levels were monitored to assess antidiabetic effects.

Antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring oxidative stress markers

and antioxidant enzyme levels in the treated rats.

Major Findings
Guava leaf extract significantly reduced blood glucose levels in diabetic rats,
indicating strong antidiabetic properties.

The extract also enhanced antioxidant enzyme levels, reducing oxidative

stress, which supports its potential as a natural remedy for managing
diabetes.

44. Farombi, E. O., & Owolabi, O. A. (2012). Protective effects of guava

(Psidium guajava) leaf extract against oxidative stress and liver damage in
rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50(1), 234-241.

Objectives

To examine the protective effects of guava (Psidium guajava) leaf extract

against oxidative stress and liver damage in rats.

Methods

Liver damage and oxidative stress were induced in rats, and guava leaf
extract was administered as treatment.

Biochemical assays were conducted to measure liver function and oxidative

stress markers, including levels of antioxidant enzymes.

Histopathological examination of liver tissue was performed to assess

structural changes.

Major Findings
Guava leaf extract provided significant protection against oxidative stress
and liver damage, as evidenced by improved liver enzyme levels and
enhanced antioxidant defense.

Histological analysis revealed reduced liver tissue damage, supporting the

extract’s potential in protecting liver health.

45. Ghasemi, K., Ghasemi, R., & Ebrahimzadeh, M. A. (2012). Antioxidant

activity, total phenolic content and flavonoid content of guava (Psidium
guajava L.) leaf extracts. Food Chemistry, 130(1), 103-108.

Objectives

To analyze the antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and flavonoid

content of guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaf extracts.

Methods

Guava leaf extracts were prepared and tested for antioxidant activity using in
vitro assays, such as DPPH radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant
power (FRAP) assays.

The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts were measured to
correlate these compounds with antioxidant capacity.

Major Findings

Guava leaf extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity, which correlated

with its high phenolic and flavonoid content.
The study concluded that the phenolic and flavonoid compounds in guava
leaves are likely responsible for its potent antioxidant effects.

46. Govindarajan, R., Vijayakumar, M., & Pushpangadan, P. (2011). Anti-

inflammatory activity of Psidium guajava L. leaf extract in rats. Journal of
Ethnopharmacology, 133(1), 214-219.

Objectives

To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of Psidium guajava L. (guava)

leaf extract in rats.

Methods

Inflammation was induced in rats, which were then treated with guava leaf
extract.

Anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by measuring reduction in paw

edema and other inflammation markers.

Major Findings

Guava leaf extract significantly reduced inflammation, as shown by a

reduction in paw edema in treated rats.

These results indicate that guava leaf extract has notable anti-inflammatory
properties, supporting its potential for use in managing inflammatory
conditions.
47. Gupta, A. K., & Dixit, V. K. (2013). Antibacterial and antifungal activities
of guava (Psidium guajava) leaf extract. International Journal of
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 4(2), 9-13.

Objectives

To evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal activities of guava (Psidium

guajava) leaf extract.

Methods

Guava leaf extracts were prepared and tested for antibacterial activity
against various bacterial strains and for antifungal activity against fungal
species.

The antibacterial and antifungal effects were measured using disc diffusion
and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods.

Major Findings

Guava leaf extract exhibited strong antibacterial and antifungal activities,

effectively inhibiting the growth of multiple bacterial and fungal species.

These findings support the potential use of guava leaf extract as a natural
antimicrobial agent.

48. Jayaprakasha, G. K., Singh, R. P., & Sakariah, K. K. (2008). Antioxidant

activity of guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit extracts. Journal of Agricultural
and Food Chemistry, 56(1), 168-174.

Objectives
To investigate the antioxidant activity of guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit
extracts.

Methods

Guava fruit extracts were analyzed for antioxidant activity using various in
vitro assays, including DPPH radical scavenging and FRAP assays.

The antioxidant capacity was correlated with the presence of phenolic and
flavonoid compounds.

Major Findings

Guava fruit extract showed significant antioxidant activity, attributed to its

high phenolic and flavonoid content.

The study suggests that guava fruit may serve as a valuable natural source
of antioxidants.

49. Khan, M. A., Ahmad, I., & Sultana, S. (2012). Antibacterial activity of
guava (Psidium guajava) leaf extract against multidrug resistant bacteria.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 3(3), 15-19.

Objectives

To evaluate the antibacterial activity of guava (Psidium guajava) leaf extract

against multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Methods
Guava leaf extract was prepared and tested against multidrug-resistant
bacterial strains using disc diffusion and MIC assays.

Zones of inhibition and MIC values were recorded to assess antibacterial

potency.

Major Findings

Guava leaf extract exhibited strong antibacterial activity against multidrug-

resistant bacteria, indicating its potential as a natural alternative for
combating antibiotic resistance.

50. Kumar, S., & Pandey, A. K. (2014). Antidiabetic potential of guava

(Psidium guajava) leaf extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal
of Ethnopharmacology, 154(2), 314-320.

Objectives

To assess the antidiabetic potential of guava (Psidium guajava) leaf extract in

streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Methods

Diabetes was induced in rats using streptozotocin, followed by treatment

with guava leaf extract.

Blood glucose levels were monitored, and markers of oxidative stress were
measured to evaluate the effects on diabetes.

Major Findings
Guava leaf extract significantly lowered blood glucose levels in diabetic rats
and reduced oxidative stress markers, suggesting its potential as a natural
antidiabetic agent.

51. Lee, S. H., Lee, J. H., & Lee, S. Y. (2012). Anti-inflammatory activity of
guava (Psidium guajava) leaf extract in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW
264.7 macrophages. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 138(1), 214-219.

Objectives

To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of guava (Psidium guajava) leaf

extract in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Methods

RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with LPS to induce inflammation, then
exposed to guava leaf extract.

Inflammatory markers, including nitric oxide production, were measured to

assess the anti-inflammatory effects of the extract.

Major Findings

Guava leaf extract significantly inhibited the production of inflammatory

markers in LPS-stimulated macrophages, indicating its strong anti-
inflammatory potential.

The study suggests guava leaf extract could be useful in managing

inflammatory conditions..