Factors Influencing Soil Erosion
Factors Influencing Soil Erosion
MODULE IN SCIENCE 5
FOURTH QUARTER/ WEEK 2/ DAY 01
Learning Target
In this module, you will investigate the extent of soil erosion in the community and its effect on
living things and the environment.
In this module, you will Identify and describe the factors affecting soil erosion.
When rocks are broken down into different pieces, it does not stay in one place. Some
rock fragments become part of the soil. Others are transferred from one place to another.
The movement of rock fragments and soil from one place to another is called erosion.
Materials that are transported due to erosion are called sediments.
Erosion is the process that wears away surface materials and moves them from one
location to another.
Water
Wind
Animals
Humans
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MODULE CODE: PASAY-S5ES-Q4-W2-D1
Water
As water flows, it transports rocks and soil particles
from one place to another.
The speed of flowing water affects the rate of
erosion. The faster the water flows, the farther the erosion
would be. Faster movement of water can cause many
sediments to be carried away by the water.
As water aids erosion, its color changes depending
on the color of the rock and the soil particles it carries. For
example, water that flows from a mountain can be brown
because of the soil particles from the mountain that it
carries. Mud left on the ground after flooding is also
evidence of erosion.
Wind
As the wind blows, it carries light particles of rocks
and soil, transporting and depositing them in another place.
Strong winds carry the particles of soil to a distant place.
Wind erosion can take place in an area where the soil
is
Not compacted. When the wind blows, the particles of sand
move along with it. Light particles of soil can easily be
blown away by the wind.
Erosion by wind contributes a lot to shaping the
Earth's surface. An example of this is the formation of dunes.
These are ridges of sand formed by the wind and are usually
found in desert or shorelines. Dunes are formed when the
wind blows sand into a secluded area. As sand accumulates,
the dunes grow and vary in shape. An example of dunes can
be found in Ilocos Norte.
Animals
Animals also contribute to the transportation of
sediments. When burrowing animals dig the ground, some
rock and soil particles to their bodies. As they move from
place to place. They carry such particles, too.
Humans
Although erosion is a natural phenomenon, humans
have a major contribution to the rate of soil erosion in the
environment. Whenever we walk, the soil clings to our shoes,
so the soil gets transported from place to place.
Other human activities like gardening can also erosion
since soil moves as we dig the ground.
When quarrying, the impact created by blasting rocks
quarrying and soil particles triggers soil erosion. Huge volumes of soil
and sand also get transported when they are used in the
construction of houses and other infrastructure.
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MODULE CODE: PASAY-S5ES-Q4-W2-D1
Practice Exercise 1
A. Directions: Read each item and draw a happy face if it a factor affecting soil erosion and a
sad face if not.
____________1. Wind
____________2. Thunder
____________3. Water
____________4. Animals
____________5. Humans
B. Complete the diagram by filling out the missing word in the circle.
Factors
Affecting Soil
Erosion
Practice Exercise 2
______________1. Erosion is the process that wears away surface materials and moves them
from one location to another.
______________3. The faster the running water is, the farther the erosion would be.
______________4. Light particles of the soil can easily be carried away by the wind.
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MODULE CODE: PASAY-S5ES-Q4-W2-D1
Application
Quarrying is the process of removing rock, sand, gravel, or other minerals from
the ground to use them to produce materials for construction or other uses.
So, a quarry is any such working on the surface of the earth where minerals are extracted.
What do you think is the effect of this human activity on living things and the environment?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Generalization
REMEMBER:
Erosion is the process that wears away surface materials and moves them from one
location to another.
There are different factors affecting soil erosion. It includes water, wind, animals, and
humans.
As water flows, it transports rocks and soil particles from one place to another.
As the wind blows, it carries light particles of rocks and soil, transporting and depositing
them in another place.
Erosion by wind contributes a lot to shaping the Earth's surface.
Burrowing, digging, and movement of animals transfer soil particles from one place to
another
Humans have a major contribution to the rate of soil erosion in the environment.
Other human activities like gardening can also erosion since soil moves as we dig the
ground.
Quarrying has an impact created by blasting rocks and soil particles and triggers soil
erosion
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MODULE CODE: PASAY-S5ES-Q4-W2-D1
Evaluation
Directions: Match the description in column A with the words in Column B. Write the letter of the
correct answer.
A B
References:
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MODULE CODE: PASAY-S5ES-Q4-W2-D2
MODULE IN SCIENCE V
FOURTH QUARTER/ WEEK 2/ DAY 02
Learning Target
In this module, you will investigate the extent of soil erosion in the community and its effect on
living things and the environment.
In this module you will illustrate how certain factors affect the amount of soil carried away: a)
slope of land; b) strength and volume of running water.
Lets us know first the meaning of these some words that you will encounter in this lesson:
slope - is an inclined surface of land; the rise or fall of the land surface
Try To Discover
Look at these two pictures of different landforms, which of these is prone to soil
erosion? Why?
A B
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MODULE CODE: PASAY-S5ES-Q4-W2-D2
A slope is an inclined surface of the land. The slope of land affects the rate of erosion.
Roots of trees and other plants absorb water as it rains, but some unabsorbed water still flows
downward, washing away soil. If the surface is greatly slanted, the water that flows has greater
force and thus carries soil. This results in greater and faster erosion.
Steep slopes have a greater impact on soil composition than surfaces with a slight slant.
The minerals and organic content present in the soil moves down toward the slope, due to
heavy rainfall. Soil erosion is experienced higher in slopes with less vegetation.
In general, the steeper and longer a slope is, the faster water runs off of it, and the
greater potential there is for erosion. But many other factors come into play in determining
what becomes of a slope over time when exposed to stormwater runoff. In some landscapes,
extremely steep slopes can be observed with dense vegetation and little or no erosion, while
other locations with more moderate slopes develop into barren gullies. This is
because many other factors come into play -- soil type and the past uses and management
of the slope have a major role to play, as well as the condition of the land above the slope.
Soil erosion has been considered the primary cause of soil degradation because soil
erosion leads to the loss of topsoil and soil organic matter, which are essential for the growing
of plants.
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MODULE CODE: PASAY-S5ES-Q4-W2-D2
Practice Exercise 1
Directions: Look at the given pictures. Put a checkmark if it shows land slope that affects soil
erosion and mark X if not.
1.____ 4._____
2._____
5._____
3._____
Practice Exercise 2
Directions: Look at the given pictures. Put a checkmark if it shows the strength and volume of
water that affects soil erosion and mark X if not.
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MODULE CODE: PASAY-S5ES-Q4-W2-D2
4.___ 5._____
Application
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Generalization
REMEMBER :
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Evaluation
Directions: Read and analyze each item. Write True if the statement is correct and False if
NOT.
__________1. The steeper and longer a slope is, the faster water runs off of it, and the
__________2. If the surface is greatly slanted, the water that flows has greater force and thus
___________3. The slope of a land DOES NOT affect the rate of erosion.
___________4. Strength and volume of running water play a huge role in soil erosion.
___________5. The faster the running water is, the slower the soil erosion would be.
References:
wqtrq&ust=1620018642049000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCID65ZidqvACFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
[Link]
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MODULE CODE: PASAY-S5ES-Q4-W2-D3
MODULE IN SCIENCE 5
FOURTH QUARTER/ WEEK 2/ DAY 03
Learning Target
In this module, you will investigate the extent of soil erosion in the community and its effect on
living things and the environment. (S5ES-IVb-2)
In this module you will illustrate how certain factors affect the amount of soil carried away:
c) presence of land crops.
d) dryness and size of soil particles
BRIEF DISCUSSION
Soil erosion cannot be prevented since this is naturally occurring in the environment.
However, some practices can control soil erosion and its harmful effects.
Farmers use different techniques to prevent erosion. They use some common farming
techniques in planting their crops, such as contour plowing, terracing, and strip cropping. This
technique lessens the soil carried away by the different agents of soil erosion.
Contour Plowing – Since erosion easily takes place on a slope, farmers who plant on
mountainsides follow the contours or curves of the land instead of planting the crops up and down
the slope to slow down the flow of water and the soil that it carries.
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Strip Cropping – It involves alternately planting different crops in strips. These crops are
planted across the slope, too. In this method, grass and other plants that grow close to the ground
are planted in strips between bands of grain crops. The strip crops lessen the soil erosion since
Terracing – Farmers build wide flat rows of terraces on mountainsides to act as a ridge to
help slow down the flow of water that carries soil. By doing so, the rate of erosion also slows down.
Crop Rotation – Refers to planting crops in a different spot each year. Doing so helps the
soil maintain its good quality. A soil that has a good quality is moist. Moist soil cannot be carried
Character or type of soil – Some types of soil erode easily than others. Some soil has a fine
texture and some have a rough texture. Soil with finer particles like sand and silt can be eroded easily
than bigger soil particles of clay. Loam soil contains more organic nutrients that can hold more water
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MODULE CODE: PASAY-S5ES-Q4-W2-D3
When the wind blows on land without plants or vegetation, the dry soil breaks apart, making
the lighter particles be blown to other places. A dust storm may occur which will carry the soil to other
places and form a new landform. Wind erosion can take place in any area where the soil is dry and
not compacted.
Water also carries soil particles. As water flows, it transports small rocks and soil particles
easily compared to the bigger ones.
Practice Exercise 1
_________1. Crop rotation helps the soil become moist and of good quality. A soil that has a
good quality is moist. Moist soil cannot be carried away easily by wind and
water.
_________ 2. The most common technique used on steeper slopes is terracing. This
technique hold water that caries soil particle.
_________ 3. Contour plowing does not prevent soil erosion by water.
_________ 4. People can conserve soil and prevent soil erosion by planting crops and trees.
_________ 5. Light particles of soil can be easily blown away by the wind compared to bigger
particles.
_________7. Crops also serve as a vegetation cover of the soil to prevent soil erosion.
_________9. Wind can carry small particles in any area where the soil is not compact.
_________10. Soil erosion cannot be prevented since this is naturally occurring in the
environment.
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MODULE CODE: PASAY-S5ES-Q4-W2-D3
Practice Exercise 2
DIRECTIONS: Complete the sentence below. Choose your answer inside the box.
1. Crop rotation maintains the good quality of the soil. Good quality of soil is moist which
cannot be
2. Contour plowing slow down the flow of water and the _________ that it carries.
3. Light particles of soil can be easily blown away by the wind compared to ________ one.
4._________ particles of soil can be carried away easily by the wind and result in soil erosion.
5. Wind erosion can take place in any area where the soil is not _______________
Application
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Generalization
They use some common farming techniques in planting their crops, such
as contour plowing, terracing, and strip cropping. This technique lessens the soil
carried away by the different agents of soil erosion.
Strong winds carry soil particles in a distance place. Light particles of soil
can be easily blown away by the wind compared to the bigger ones.
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MODULE CODE: PASAY-S5ES-Q4-W2-D3
Evaluation
DIRECTIONS: Change the underlined word to make the statement correct. Write your answer
on the space before the number.
_________1. Farmers who plant on mountainsides do not follow the contours or curves of the
land to slow down the flow of water and the soil that it carries.
_________ 2. Soil with finer particles like sand and silt can be eroded easily than smaller soil
particles.
_________ 3. Dry soil contains more organic nutrients that can hold more water and reduce
the flow of soil particles.
_________ 4. Terracing does not help slow down the flow of water that carries soil. By
doing
so, the rate of erosion also slows down.
_________ 5. Bigger particles can be blown easily by the wind from one place to another
place.
References:
Cyber Science 5 page 313-319
Science Beyond Borders page 158-169
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MODULE CODE: PASAY-S5ES-Q4-W2-D4
MODULE IN SCIENCE 5
FOURTH QUARTER/ WEEK 2/ DAY 04
Learning Target
In this module, you will investigate the extent of soil erosion in the community and its effect on
living things and the environment. (S5ES-IVb-2)
In this module, you will describe the effects of soil erosion on living things and the environment
(shape of land; condition of water)
BRIEF DISCUSSION
Soil erosion greatly affects the land and living things on Earth. It carries away the topsoil on
Earth’s surface where plants anchor their roots firmly. It changes landforms on Earth’s surface. It is
estimated that the topsoil is eroding faster than it forms in more than one-third of the world's
agricultural land. How would it affect all of us?
Change of Landforms
Soil erosion can change the different landforms. As water seeps through a hill or a
mountain, the soil may loosen, and landslide may occur changing the shapes of the
mountain or a hill. Some soil particles may be carried to the streams, lakes, and rivers. This
will lead
to flooding of the lower areas in the community that could destroy lives and properties.
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MODULE CODE: PASAY-S5ES-Q4-W2-D4
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MODULE CODE: PASAY-S5ES-Q4-W2-D4
Practice Exercise 1
Directions: Draw if the situation describes the effect of soil erosion and if not.
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MODULE CODE: PASAY-S5ES-Q4-W2-D4
Practice Exercise 2
_________5. Soil erosion causes soil from the hilly places carried down to the plains.
Application
Now that you are fully aware of the effect of soil erosion both on
living and nonliving things. As a student simply challenge yourself on
how you can help lessen the effect of soil erosion in our environment.
Generalization
Every natural process here on Earth, like soil erosion, affects both living and
nonliving things. Soil erosion does not only shape Earth's landforms, but it also affects
the ecosystem especially if it happens abruptly. It can also cause food shortage
flooding and siltation.
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MODULE CODE: PASAY-S5ES-Q4-W2-D4
Evaluation
Directions: Complete the sentence below. Choose your answer inside the box.
1. The erosion of topsoil leads to lesser harvest that may cause a shortage of ________
supply.
2. Soil erosion changes the ____________________ as water seeps through the mountain
and caused landslide.
3. Soil erosion causes _________ due to few roots of plants that can grow to absorb water.
4. Polluted seas and rivers can affect the ___________ water supply of animals and humans.
5. Soil erosion can also damage fisheries and dam reservoirs, as ____________happens at
the lower ground within the area.
References:
Cyber Science 5 page 313-314
Science Beyond Borders page 164-165
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MODULE CODE: PASAY-S5ES-Q4-W2-D5
MODULE IN SCIENCE 5
FOURTH QUARTER/ WEEK 2/ DAY 05
Learning Target
In this module you will investigate the extent of soil erosion in the community and its effect on
living things and the environment.
In this module you will prepare/design a plan that could help reduce soil erosion in the
community.
START UP: In the previous module, you learned the different community that help in reducing
the effects of soil erosion.
Terracing
Natural vegetation
Ways to
Contour plowing Rip rapping
control Soil
Erosion.
Soil erosion cannot be avoided because it occurs naturally in the environment. However, there
are practices that can help mitigate the effects of soil erosion.
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MODULE CODE: PASAY-S5ES-Q4-W2-D5
2. Improve water quality by preventing soil and associated nutrients from entering streams.
5. Better soil structure to increase infiltration and water-holding capacity and reduce run-off.
9. Less cost to farmers because of reduced nutrient and soil carbon loss.
10. Potential increase in land value in fields with less erosion and better soil health.
_____2. The Banawe Rice terraces, which used to be one of the wonders of the world help prevent
_____4. Most houses in Baguio City are protected from soil erosion through riprapping.
_____5. Building dikes along riverbanks prevent rain water from carrying away soil.
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MODULE CODE: PASAY-S5ES-Q4-W2-D5
Going Further.
You are going on a treasure hunt. Along the way, you will see traces of soil erosion. You can
only move forward if you can think of methods or ways to solve the problem on trails 1 and 3. Put a
solution for each problem in the box.
Quarry
Illegal Logging
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MODULE CODE: PASAY-S5ES-Q4-W2-D5
PERFORMANCE TASK:
Prepare/design a plan that could help reduce soil erosion in the community.
You are YES-O member of your school. You found out that there is a high risk area for landslide in your
community and you organization decided to prepare/design a plan that could help reduce soil erosion in your
barangay. In your next meeting you will be presenting your recommendations to your organization. You can
interview, use books, or research in the internet to get more information. Fill up the form bellow.
Municipality: _____________________
What can you recommend to the reduce soil erosion in your Barangay? Name at least 5 ways and give a short
description for it.
1. ________________________________________________________________________________________
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2. ________________________________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________________________________
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4. ________________________________________________________________________________________
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5. ________________________________________________________________________________________
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MODULE CODE: PASAY-S5ES-Q4-W2-D5
EVALUATION
RUBRICS:
Category 4 3 2 1 Rating
Experimental Design shows Design shows Design shows The student cannot
Design student has analyzed student grasps the student grasps the design a plan.
the problem and has basic idea of the basic idea the
independently problem problem but needs
designed plan. some help in
designing the plan
Data Collection/ Data was collected Data was recorded Data was recorded in Data was recorded
and recorded in an in a manner that a disorganized in an incomplete,
Written Report orderly manner that probably represent manner or only with haphazard manner
accurately reflects the concept. teacher assistance. or only after
the concepts. considerable
Provided evidence Minimal reference to teacher assistance.
Provided evidence of of understanding of relevant scientific
in depth, relevant scientific concepts No mention or
sophisticated concepts inappropriate
understanding of references to
relevant scientific relevant scientific
concepts concepts.
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