Boeing 737

The Boeing 737 is an American narrow-body airliner produced by Boeing at its Renton factory in Washington.
Boeing 737
Developed to supplement the Boeing 727 on short and thin routes, the twinjet retained the 707 fuselage width
and six abreast seating but with two underwing Pratt & Whitney JT8D low-bypass turbofan engines.
Envisioned in 1964, the initial 737-100 made its first flight in April 1967 and entered service in February 1968
with Lufthansa. The lengthened 737-200 entered service in April 1968, and evolved through four generations,
offering several variants for 85 to 215 passengers.

The 737-100/200 original variants were powered by Pratt & Whitney JT8D low-bypass turbofan engines and
offered seating for 85 to 130 passengers. Launched in 1980 and introduced in 1984, the 737 Classic
-300/400/500 variants were upgraded with more fuel-efficient CFM56-3 high-bypass turbofans and offered 110
to 168 seats. Introduced in 1997, the 737 Next Generation (NG) -600/700/800/900 variants have updated
CFM56-7 high-bypass turbofans, a larger wing and an upgraded glass cockpit, and seat 108 to 215 passengers.
A Boeing 737-200, the first mass-produced 737
The latest generation, the 737 MAX -7/8/9/10 variants, powered by improved CFM LEAP-1B high-bypass
model, in operation with South African Airlink in
turbofans and accommodating 138 to 204 people, entered service in 2017. Boeing Business Jet versions have
2007
been produced since the 737NG, as well as military models.
Role Narrow-body airliner
As of May 2024, 16,525 Boeing 737s have been ordered and 11,762 delivered. Initially, its main competitor National origin United States
was the McDonnell Douglas DC-9, followed by its MD-80/MD-90 derivatives. In 2013, the global 737 fleet
Manufacturer Boeing
had completed more than 184 million flights over 264 million block hours since its entry into service. It was the
First flight April 9, 1967
highest-selling commercial aircraft until being surpassed by the competing Airbus A320 family in October
2019, but maintains the record in total deliveries. The 737 MAX, designed to compete with the A320neo, was Introduction February 10, 1968, with
grounded worldwide between March 2019 and November 2020 following two fatal crashes. A further accident Lufthansa
involving an uncontrolled decompression led to the grounding of most 737 MAX 9 aircraft in January 2024. Status In production
Primary users Southwest Airlines
Development Ryanair
United Airlines

Initial design American Airlines

Produced 1966–present
Boeing had been studying short-haul jet aircraft designs, and saw a need for a new aircraft to supplement the
727 on short and thin routes.[2] Preliminary design work began on May 11, 1964,[3] based on research that Number built 11,762 as of May 2024[1]
indicated a market for a fifty to sixty passenger airliner flying routes of 50 to 1,000 miles (100 to Variants Boeing T-43
1,600 km).[2][4] Developed into Boeing 737 Classic

The initial concept featured podded engines on the aft fuselage, a T-tail as with the 727, and five-abreast Boeing 737 Next Generation
seating. Engineer Joe Sutter relocated the engines to the wings which lightened the structure and simplified the Boeing 737 MAX
accommodation of six-abreast seating in the fuselage.[5] The engine nacelles were mounted directly to the
underside of the wings, without pylons, allowing the landing gear to be shortened, thus lowering the fuselage to improve
baggage and passenger access.[6] Relocating the engines from the aft fuselage also allowed the horizontal stabilizer to be
attached to the aft fuselage instead of as a T-tail.[7] Many designs for the engine attachment strut were tested in the wind
tunnel and the optimal shape for high speed was found to be one which was relatively thick, filling the narrow channels
formed between the wing and the top of the nacelle, particularly on the outboard side. 1964 concept with tail mounted
engines
At the time, Boeing was far behind its competitors; the SE 210 Caravelle had been in service since 1955, and the BAC
One-Eleven (BAC-111), Douglas DC-9, and Fokker F28 were already into flight certification.[8] To expedite development,
Boeing used 60% of the structure and systems of the existing 727, particularly the fuselage, which differs in length only.
This 148-inch (3.76 m) wide fuselage cross-section permitted six-abreast seating compared to the rivals' five-abreast. The
727's fuselage was derived from the 707.[9]

The proposed wing airfoil sections were based on those of the 707 and 727, but somewhat thicker; altering these sections
near the nacelles achieved a substantial drag reduction at high Mach numbers.[10] The engine chosen was the Pratt &
Whitney JT8D-1 low-bypass ratio turbofan engine, delivering 14,500 pounds-force (64 kN) of thrust.[11]
October 18, 1966, Jet aircraft patent,
The concept design was presented in October 1964 at the Air Transport Association maintenance and engineering filed June 22, 1965, by John Steiner
conference by chief project engineer Jack Steiner, where its elaborate high-lift devices raised concerns about maintenance and Joe Sutter for Boeing
costs and dispatch reliability.[5]

Major design developments

The original 737 continued to be developed into thirteen passenger, cargo, corporate and military variants. These were later divided into what has become known
as the four generations of the Boeing 737 family:

The first generation "Original" series: the 737-100 and -200, also the military T-43 and CT-43, launched February 1965.
The second generation "Classic" series: 737-300, -400 and -500, launched in 1979.
The third generation "Next Generation" series: 737-600, -700, -800 and -900, also the military C-40 and P-8, launched late 1993.
 The fourth generation 737 MAX series: 737-7, -8, -9 and -10, launched August
2011.

Launch
The launch decision for the $150 million (~$1.11 billion in 2023) development was made by
the board on February 1, 1965.[9] The sales pitch was big-jet comfort on short-haul routes.[12]

Lufthansa became the launch customer on February 19, 1965,[9] with an order for 21 aircraft,
worth $67 million (~$494 million in 2023)[8] after the airline had been assured by Boeing that
the 737 project would not be canceled.[13] Consultation with Lufthansa over the previous
winter had resulted in the seating capacity being increased to 100.[9]
A comparison of the first three generations
On April 5, 1965, Boeing announced an order by United Airlines for 40 737s. United wanted
a slightly larger capacity than the 737-100, so the fuselage was stretched 36 inches (91 cm)
ahead of, and 40 inches (102 cm) behind the wing.[7] The longer version was designated the 737-200, with the original short-body aircraft becoming the 737-
100.[14] Detailed design work continued on both variants simultaneously.

Introduction
The first -100 was rolled out on January 17, 1967, and took its maiden flight on April 9, 1967, piloted by Brien Wygle and
Lew Wallick.[15] After several test flights the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) issued Type Certificate A16WE
certifying the 737-100 for commercial flight on December 15, 1967.[16][17] It was the first aircraft to have, as part of its
initial certification, approval for Category II approaches,[18] which refers to a precision instrument approach and landing
with a decision height between 98 and 197 feet (30 and 60 m).[19] Lufthansa received its first aircraft on December 28,
1967, and on February 10, 1968, became the first non-American airline to launch a new Boeing aircraft.[16] Lufthansa was
the only significant customer to purchase the 737-100 and only 30 aircraft were produced.[20]
737-100 introduced by Lufthansa on
The -200 was rolled out on June 29, 1967, and had its maiden flight on August 8, 1967. It was then certified by the FAA February 10, 1968
on December 21, 1967.[17][21] The inaugural flight for United Airlines took place on April 28, 1968, from Chicago to
Grand Rapids, Michigan.[16] The lengthened -200 was widely preferred over the -100 by airlines.[22] The improved
version, the 737-200 Advanced, was introduced into service by All Nippon Airways on May 20, 1971.[23]

The 737 original model with its variants, known later as the Boeing 737 Original, initially competed with SE 210 Caravelle and BAC-111 due to their earlier entry
into service and later primarily with the McDonnell Douglas DC-9, then its MD-80 derivatives as the three European short-haul single aisles slowly withdrew from
the competition. Sales were low in the early 1970s[24] and, after a peak of 114 deliveries in 1969, only 22 737s were shipped in 1972 with 19 in backlog. The US
Air Force saved the program by ordering T-43s, which were modified Boeing 737-200s. African airline orders kept the production running until the 1978 US
Airline Deregulation Act, which improved demand for six-abreast narrow-body aircraft. Demand further increased after being re-engined with the CFM56.[5] The
737 went on to become the highest-selling commercial aircraft until surpassed by the competing Airbus A320 family in October 2019, but maintains the record in
total deliveries.[25]

The fuselage is manufactured in Wichita, Kansas, by Boeing spin-off company Spirit AeroSystems, before being moved by rail to Renton.[26] The Renton factory
has three assembly lines for the 737 MAX; a fourth is planned to open at the Everett factory in 2024.[27]

Generations and variants

737 Original (first generation)

The Boeing 737 Original is the name given to the -100/200 and -200 Advanced series of the Boeing 737 family.

737-100
The initial model was the 737-100, the smallest variant of the 737 aircraft family, which was launched in February 1965
and entered service with Lufthansa in February 1968. In 1968, its unit cost was US$3.7M (1968),[28] $32.4M today. A
total of 30 737-100s were ordered: 22 by Lufthansa, 5 by Malaysia–Singapore Airlines (MSA) and 2 by Avianca with the
final commercial aircraft delivered to MSA on October 31, 1969. The first aircraft used by Boeing as prototype under
registration N73700 was later ordered by and delivered to NASA on July 26, 1973, which then operated it under
registration N515NA and retired after 30 years on September 27, 2003. This was the last operated 737-100 and is the only
remaining worldwide, which is on static display in the Museum of Flight in Seattle.[29][30]
A Lufthansa Boeing 737-100 at
The original engine nacelles incorporated thrust reversers taken from the 727 outboard nacelles. They proved to be Zurich Airport in 1981
relatively ineffective and tended to lift the aircraft up off the runway when deployed. This reduced the downforce on the
main wheels thereby reducing the effectiveness of the wheel brakes. In 1968, an improvement to the thrust reversal system
was introduced.[31] A 48-inch tailpipe extension was added and new target-style thrust reversers were incorporated. The thrust reverser doors were set 35 degrees
away from the vertical to allow the exhaust to be deflected inboard and over the wings and outboard and under the wings. The improvement became standard on
all aircraft after March 1969, and a retrofit was provided for active aircraft. Longer nacelle/wing fairings were introduced, and the airflow over the flaps and slats
was improved. The production line also introduced an improvement to the flap system, allowing increased use during takeoff and landing. All these changes gave
the aircraft a boost to payload and range, and improved short-field performance.[16]

737-200
The 737-200 was a 737-100 with an extended fuselage, launched by an order from United Airlines in 1965 and entered
service with the launch customer in April 1968. Its unit cost was US$4.0M (1968)[28] ($35M today). The -200's unit cost
was US$5.2M (1972)[32] ($37.9M today). The 737-200 Advanced is an improved version of the -200, introduced into
service by All Nippon Airways on May 20, 1971.[23] After aircraft #135, the 737-200 Advanced has improved
aerodynamics, automatic wheel brakes, more powerful engines, more fuel capacity, and hence a 15% increase in payload
and range over the original -200s and respectively -100s.[18][33] The 737-200 Advanced became the production standard in
June 1971.[34] Boeing also provided the 737-200C (Combi), which allowed for conversion between passenger and cargo
use and the 737-200QC (Quick Change), which facilitated a rapid conversion between roles. The 1,095th and last delivery
A 737-200 of its launch customer,
of a -200 series aircraft was in August 1988 to Xiamen Airlines.[1][35] United Airlines. The -200 was one of
the most popular variants sold, with
Nineteen 737-200s, designated T-43, were used to train aircraft navigators for the U.S. Air Force. Some were modified into 1095 units.
CT-43s, which are used to transport passengers, and one was modified as the NT-43A Radar Test Bed. The first was
delivered on July 31, 1973, and the last on July 19, 1974. The Indonesian Air Force ordered three modified 737-200s,
designated Boeing 737-2X9 Surveiller. They were used as Maritime reconnaissance (MPA)/transport aircraft, fitted with
SLAMMAR (Side-looking Multi-mission Airborne Radar). The aircraft were delivered between May 1982 and October
1983.[36]

After 40 years, in March 2008, the final 737-200 aircraft in the U.S. flying scheduled passenger service were phased out,
with the last flights of Aloha Airlines.[37] As of 2018, the variant still saw regular service through North American charter
operators such as Sierra Pacific Airlines.[38] With the improved short-field capabilities of the 737-200, Boeing offered the
option of the gravel kit modification features preventing foreign object damage, which enables this aircraft to operate on Several Canadian airlines still use
remote, unimproved or unpaved runways, such as gravel runways, that other similarly sized jetliners cannot.[39] Until the Boeing 737-200 due to its gravel
retiring its -200 fleet in 2007, Alaska Airlines used this option for some of its combi aircraft rural operations to serve many runway capabilities. The Boeing
unimproved runways in Alaska.[40][41] Gravel-kitted 737-200 Combis are still used by Canadian North (which is due to "Unpaved Strip Kit" (gravel kit)
retire their last one in early 2023),[42] Air Inuit, Nolinor Aviation and Chrono Aviation in Northern Canada where gravel included a gravel deflector on the
nose gear and a vortex dissipator
runways are common.
extending from the front of the
engine. This -200 belongs to Air
As of September 2023, a relatively high number of 737-200s remain in service compared to other early jet airliners, with 50
North and is landing at Vancouver.
examples actively flying for 30 carriers.[43] During the 737 MAX groundings, older 737s, including the 200 and Classic
series, were in demand for leasing.[44]

737 Classic (second generation)

The Boeing 737 Classic is the name given to the 737-300/400/500 series after the introduction of the -600/700/800/900 series of the Boeing 737 family.[45]
Produced from 1984 to 2000, a total of 1,988 Classic series were delivered.[46]

Close to the next major upgrade of single aisle aircraft at Airbus and Boeing, the price of jet fuel reached a peak in 2008, when airlines devoted 40% of the retail
price of an air ticket to pay for fuel, versus 15% in 2000.[47][48] Consequently, in that year carriers retired Boeing 737 Classic aircraft to reduce fuel consumption;
replacements consisted of more efficient 737 Next Generation or A320 family aircraft. On June 4, 2008, United Airlines announced it would retire all 94 of its
Classic 737 aircraft (64 737-300 and 30 737-500 aircraft), replacing them with A320 family jets taken from its Ted subsidiary, which has been shut
down.[49][50][51] This intensified the competition between the two giant aircraft manufacturers, which has since become a duopoly competition.

An optional upgrade with winglets became available for the Classic and NG series.

The 737-300 can be retrofitted with Aviation Partners Boeing winglets. The 737-300 retrofitted with winglets is designated the -300SP (Special
Performance).
WestJet was to launch the 737-600 with winglets, but dropped them in 2006.[52]

737-300
Development began in 1979 for the 737's first major revision, which was originally introduced as the 'new generation' of
the 737.[53] Boeing wanted to increase capacity and range, incorporating improvements to upgrade the aircraft to modern
specifications, while also retaining commonality with previous 737 variants. In 1980, preliminary aircraft specifications of
the variant, dubbed 737-300, were released at the Farnborough Airshow.[54] This first major upgrade series was later
renamed 737 Classic. It competed primarily with the MD-80, its later derivative the MD-90, and the newcomer Airbus
A320 family.

Boeing engineer Mark Gregoire led a design team, which cooperated with CFM International to select, modify and deploy
737-300 with wider CFM56 turbofans,
a new engine and nacelle that would make the 737-300 into a viable aircraft. They chose the CFM56-3B-1 high-bypass
introduced by USAir on November
turbofan engine to power the aircraft, which yielded significant gains in fuel economy and a reduction in noise, but also 28, 1984. This aircraft would later
posed an engineering challenge, given the low ground clearance of the 737 and the larger diameter of the engine over the crash in the Los Angeles runway
original Pratt & Whitney engines. Gregoire's team and CFM solved the problem by reducing the size of the fan (which disaster.
made the engine slightly less efficient than it had been forecast to be), placing the engine ahead of the wing, and by moving
engine accessories to the sides of the engine pod, giving the engine a distinctive non-circular "hamster pouch" air
intake.[55][56] Earlier customers for the CFM56 included the U.S. Air Force with its program to re-engine KC-135 tankers.[57]

The passenger capacity of the aircraft was increased to 149 by extending the fuselage around the wing by 9 feet 5 inches (2.87 m). The wing incorporated several
changes for improved aerodynamics. The wingtip was extended 9 inches (23 cm), and the wingspan by 1 foot 9 inches (53 cm). The leading-edge slats and
trailing-edge flaps were adjusted.[55] The tailfin was redesigned, the flight deck was improved with the optional EFIS (Electronic Flight Instrumentation System),
and the passenger cabin incorporated improvements similar to those developed on the Boeing 757.[58] The prototype -300, the 1,001st 737 built, first flew on
February 24, 1984, with pilot Jim McRoberts.[58] It and two production aircraft flew a nine-month-long certification program.[59] The 737-300 retrofitted with
Aviation Partners' winglets was designated the -300SP (Special Performance). The 737-300 was replaced by the 737-700 of the Next Generation series.

737-400
The 737-400 was launched in 1985 to fill the gap between the 737-300 and the 757-200. In June 1986, Boeing announced
the development of the 737-400,[60] which stretched the fuselage a further 10 feet (3.0 m), increasing the capacity to 188
passengers, and requiring a tail bumper to prevent tailstrikes during take-off and a strengthened wing spar.[61] The -400s
first flight was on February 19, 1988, and, after a seven-month/500-hour flight-testing run, entered service with Piedmont
Airlines that October.[62] The last two -400s, i.e. the last 737 Classics series, were delivered to CSA Czech Airlines on
February 28, 2000.[63] The 737-400 was replaced by the 737-800 of the Next Generation series. The 737-400SF was a
737-400 converted to freighter, though it was not a model delivered by Boeing and hence the nickname Special Freighter
(SF). Alaska Airlines was the first to convert one of their 400s from regular service to an aircraft with the ability to handle Stretched by 10 feet (3.0 m), the
10 pallets.[64] The airline had also converted five more into fixed combi aircraft for half passenger and freight. These 737- 737-400 entered service in October
1988 Piedmont Airlines
400 Combi aircraft were retired in 2017 and replaced by the 737-700F of the Next Generation series.[65]

737-500
The 737-500 was offered as a modern and direct replacement of the 737-200. It was launched in 1987 by Southwest
Airlines, with an order for 20 aircraft,[66] and it flew for the first time on June 30, 1989.[62] A single prototype flew 375
hours for the certification process,[62] and on February 28, 1990, Southwest Airlines received the first delivery.[46]

The -500 incorporated the improvements of the 737 Classic series, allowing longer routes with fewer passengers to be more
economical than with the 737-300. The fuselage length of the 737-500 is 1 foot 7 inches (48 cm) longer than the 737-200,
accommodating up to 140[61] passengers. Both glass and older-style mechanical cockpits arrangements were available.[62]
A Southwest Airlines 737-500 landing
Using the CFM56-3 engine also gave a 25% increase in fuel efficiency over the older 737-200s P&W engines.[62] The in Las Vegas in April 2008
737-500 has faced accelerated retirement due to its smaller size, after 21 years in service compared to 24 years for the
-300. [67] While a few 737-300s were slated for freighter conversion, no demand at all existed for a -500 freighter
conversion. The 737-500 was replaced by the 737-600 of the Next Generation series, though the -600 was not as successful in total orders as the -500.

737 NG (third generation)

The Boeing 737 Next Generation, abbreviated as 737 Next Gen or 737NG, is the name given to the main models 737-600/700/800/900 series and the extended
range -700ER/900ER variants of the Boeing 737 family. It has been produced since 1996 and introduced in 1997, with a total order of 7,097 aircraft, of which
7,031 have been delivered as of May 2019.[1][24] The primary goal was to re-engine the 737 with the high pressure ratio CFM56-7. By the early 1990s, as the
MD-80 slowly withdrew from the competition following the introduction of the MD-90, it had become clear that the new A320 family was a serious threat to
Boeing's market share. Airbus won previously loyal 737 customers, such as Lufthansa and United Airlines. In November 1993, to stay in the single aisle
competition, Boeing's board of directors authorized the Next Generation program to mainly upgrade the 737 Classic series.[68] In late 1993, after engineering trade
studies and discussions with major customers, Boeing proceeded to launch a second derivative of the Boeing 737, the 737 Next Generation (NG)
-600/700/800/900 series.[1] It featured a redesigned wing with a wider wingspan and larger area, greater fuel capacity, longer range and higher MTOWs. It was
equipped with CFM56-7 high pressure ratio engines, a glass cockpit, and upgraded interior configurations. The four main models of the series can accommodate
seating for 108 to 215 passengers. It was further developed into additional versions such as the corporate Boeing Business Jet (BBJ) and military P-8 Poseidon
aircraft. Following the merger between Boeing with McDonnell Douglas in 1997, the primary competitor for the 737NG series remained only the A320 family.

737-600
The 737-600, the smallest model of the Next-Generation, was launched by Scandinavian Airlines (SAS) in March 1995
with the first aircraft delivered in September 1998.[69] A total of 69 aircraft without winglets have been produced with the
last one delivered to WestJet in 2006.[1] The 737-600 replaced the 737-500 and is similar to the Airbus A318.

737-700
The 737-700, the first variant of the Next-Generation, was launched in November 1993 with an order of 63 aircraft. The
-700 seats 126 passengers in a two-class or 149 passengers in a one-class layout. The launch customer Southwest Airlines
took the first delivery in December 1997.[70] The 737-700 replaced the 737-300 and competes with the Airbus A319.
An Air Algérie 737-600 at Paris Orly
Airport
The 737-700C is a convertible version where the seats can be removed to carry cargo instead. There is a large door on the
left side of the aircraft. The United States Navy was the launch customer for the 737-700C under the military designation
C-40 Clipper.[71]

The 737-700ER (Extended Range) was launched on January 31, 2006, and featured the fuselage of the 737-700 and the
wings and landing gear of the 737-800. A 737-700ER can typically accommodate 126 passengers in two classes with a
range similar to the Airbus A319LR.[72]

737-800 A KLM 737-700 at Amsterdam Airport

Schiphol in 2022
The 737-800 was a stretched version of the 737-700 launched on September 5, 1994. The -800 seats 162 passengers in a
two-class or 189 passengers in a high-density, one-class layout. Launch customer Hapag-Lloyd Flug (now TUIfly)
received the first one in April 1998.[73] The -800 replaced directly the -400 and aging 727-200 of US airlines. It filled also
the gap left by Boeing's decision to discontinue the MD-80 and MD-90 aircraft, following Boeing's merger with
McDonnell Douglas. The 737-800 is the most widely used narrowbody aircraft and competes primarily with the Airbus
A320.[74]

737-900 A 737-800 of United Airlines landing

The 737-900 was launched in 1997 and took its first flight on August 3, 2000. It retains the MTOW, fuel capacity, trading at San Diego International Airport in
November 2010.
range for payload and also the exit configuration of the -800, limiting its seat capacity to approximately 177 in a two class
and 189 in a high-density, one class layout. The launch customer Alaska Airlines received the delivery on May 15, 2001.

The 737-900ER (Extended Range) is the newest and largest variant of the 737NG generation. An additional pair of exit
doors and a flat rear pressure bulkhead increased its seating capacity to 180 passengers in a two-class and up to 220
passengers in a one-class configuration.[75] The -900ER was introduced to meet the range and passenger capacity of the
discontinued 757-200 and to directly compete with the Airbus A321.
A 737-900ER of Delta Airlines. This
was the longest 737 variant until the
737 MAX (fourth generation) 737 MAX 10 made its first flight in
The Boeing 737 MAX is the name given to the main models 737 MAX 7/8/9/10 series and the higher-density MAX 200 2021.

variant of the Boeing 737 family. It is offered in four main variants, typically offering 138 to 230 seats and a range of 3,215
to 3,825 nautical miles [nmi] (5,954 to 7,084 km; 3,700 to 4,402 mi). The 737 MAX 7, MAX 8 (including the denser, 200-seat MAX 200), and MAX 9 replace
the 737-700, -800, and -900 respectively. The further stretched 737 MAX 10 has also been added to the series. The main development was to re-engine with CFM
LEAP-1B very high bypass ratio. On July 20, 2011, Boeing announced plans for a third major upgrade and respectively fourth generation of 737 series to be
powered by the CFM LEAP-1B engine, with American Airlines intending to order 100 of these aircraft.[76]

On August 30, 2011, Boeing confirmed the launch of the 737 new engine variant, to be called the Boeing 737 MAX.[77][78][79] It was based on earlier 737 designs
with more efficient LEAP-1B power plants, aerodynamic improvements (most notably split-tip winglets), and airframe modifications. It competes with the Airbus
A320neo family that was launched in December 2010 and reached 1,029 orders by June 2011, breaking Boeing's monopoly with American Airlines, which had an
order for 130 A320neos that July.[80] The 737 MAX had its first flight on January 29, 2016, and gained FAA certification on March 8, 2017.[81][82] The first
delivery was a MAX 8 on May 6, 2017, to Lion Air's subsidiary Malindo Air,[83] which put it into service on May 22, 2017.[84] As of January 2019, the series has
received 5,011 firm orders.[1]

In March 2019, civil aviation authorities around the world grounded the 737 MAX following two hull loss crashes which caused 346 deaths.[85] On December 16,
2019, Boeing announced that it would suspend production of the 737 MAX from January 2020,[86] which was resumed in May 2020. In the midyear 2020, the
FAA and Boeing conducted a series of recertification test flights.[87] On November 18, 2020, the FAA cleared the MAX to return to service. Before the aircraft can
fly again, repairs must be implemented and airlines' training programs must be approved. Passenger flights in the U.S. are expected to resume before the end of the
year.[88] Worldwide, the first airline to resume passenger service was Brazilian low-cost Gol, on December 9, 2020.[89]

737 MAX 7
The 737 MAX 7, a shortened variant of the MAX 8, was originally based on the 737-700, flying 1,000 nautical miles (1,900 km; 1,200 mi) farther and
accommodating two more seat rows at 18% lower fuel costs per seat.[90][91] The redesign uses the 737-8 wing and landing gear; a pair of over-wing exits rather
than the single-door configuration; a 46-inch-longer (1,200 mm) aft fuselage and a 30-inch-longer (760 mm) longer forward fuselage; structural re-gauging and
strengthening; and systems and interior modifications to accommodate the longer length.[92] Entry into service with launch operator Southwest Airlines was
expected in January 2019, but the airline deferred these orders until 2023–2024.[93][94] The 737 MAX 7 replaced the 737-700 and was predicted to carry 12 more
passengers and fly 400 nautical miles (740 km; 460 mi) farther than the competing Airbus A319neo with 7% lower operating costs per seat.[95]

737 MAX 8
The 737 MAX 8, the first variant of the 737 MAX, has a longer fuselage than the MAX 7. On July 23, 2013, Boeing
completed the firm configuration for the 737 MAX 8.[96] Its first commercial flight was operated by Malindo Air on May
22, 2017. The MAX 8 replaced the 737-800 and competed with the A320neo.

The 737 MAX 200, a high-density version of the 737 MAX 8, was launched in September 2014 and named for seating for
up to 200 passengers in a single-class layout with slimline seats requiring an extra pair of exit doors. The MAX 200 would The Boeing 737 MAX 8 entered
be 20% more cost-efficient per seat, including 5% lower operating costs than the MAX 8 and would be the most efficient service with Malindo Air (wearing
Batik Air Malaysia livery).
narrow-body on the market when entering service.[97] In mid-November 2018, the first MAX 200 of the 135 ordered by
Ryanair rolled out, in a 197-seat configuration.[98] It was first flown from Renton on January 13, 2019, and was due to
enter service in April 2019.[99][100]

737 MAX 9
The 737 MAX 9, the stretched variant of the MAX 8, was launched with an order of 201 aircraft in February 2012. It made its roll-out on March 7, 2017, and first
flight on April 13, 2017;[101] It was certified by February 2018.[102] The launch customer, Lion Air Group, took the first MAX 9 on March 21, 2018, before
entering service with Thai Lion Air.[103] The 737 MAX 9 replaced the 737-900 and competes with the Airbus A321neo.

737 MAX 10
The 737 MAX 10 was proposed as a stretched MAX 9 in mid-2016, enabling seating for 230 in a single class or 189 in two-class layout, compared to 193 in two-
class seating for the A321neo. The modest 66-inch (1.7 m) stretch of fuselage enables the MAX 10 to retain the existing wing and CFM Leap 1B engine from the
MAX 9 with a trailing-link main landing gear as the only major change.[104] The MAX 10 was launched on June 19, 2017, with 240 orders and commitments
from more than ten customers.[105] The variant configuration with a predicted 5% lower trip cost and seat cost compared to
the A321neo was firmed up by February 2018, and by mid-2018, the critical design review was completed.[106][107] The
MAX 10 has a similar capacity to the A321XLR, but shorter range and much poorer field performance in smaller
airports.[108] It was unveiled in Boeing's Renton factory on November 22, 2019, and scheduled for first flight in
2020.[109][110] Boeing also considered parallel development with the 757 replacement, similar to the development of the
757 and 767 in the 1970s.[111]
A 737 MAX 9 of Kazakhstan SCAT
In the late 2010s, Boeing worked on a medium-range Boeing New Midsize Airplane (NMA) with two variants seating 225
Airlines
or 275 passengers and targeting the same market segment as the 737 MAX 10 and the Airbus A321neo.[112] A Future
Small Airplane (FSA) was also touted during this period.[113] The NMA project was set aside in January 2020, as Boeing
focused on returning the 737 MAX to service and announced that it would be taking a new approach to future
projects.[114]

Design A 737 MAX 10 model from the 2018

Berlin Airshow. This variant has yet
The 737 continued to evolve into many variants but still remains recognizable as the 737. These are divided into four
to be certified as of April 2024.
generations but all are based on the same basic design.

Airframe
The fuselage cross section and nose are derived from that of the Boeing 707 and Boeing 727. Early 737 cockpits also inherited the "eyebrow windows" positioned
above the main glareshield, which were a feature of the original 707 and 727[115] to allow for better crew visibility.[116] Contrary to popular belief, these windows
were not intended for celestial navigation[117] (only the military T-43A had a sextant port for star navigation, which the civilian models lacked.)[118] With modern
avionics, the windows became redundant, and many pilots placed newspapers or other objects in them to block out sun glare. They were eliminated from the 737
cockpit design in 2004, although they are still installed on customer request.[119] The eyebrow windows were sometimes removed and plugged, usually during
maintenance overhauls, and can be distinguished by the metal plug which differs from the smooth metal in later aircraft that were not originally fitted with the
windows.[119]

The 737 was designed to sit relatively low to the ground to accommodate the design of smaller airports in the late 1960s which often lacked jetbridges or motorized
belt loaders. The low fuselage allowed passengers to easily board from a mobile stairway or airstairs (which are still available as an option on the 737 MAX) and
for luggage to be hand-lifted into the cargo holds. However, the design has proved to be an issue as the 737 has been modernized with larger and more fuel
efficient engines.[120]

The 737's main landing gear, under the wings at mid-cabin, rotates into wheel wells in the aircraft's belly. The legs are covered by partial doors, and "brush-like"
seals aerodynamically smooth (or "fair") the wheels in the wells. The sides of the tires are exposed to the air in flight. "Hub caps" complete the aerodynamic profile
of the wheels. It is forbidden to operate without the caps, because they are linked to the ground speed sensor that interfaces with the anti-skid brake system. The
dark circles of the tires are clearly visible when a 737 takes off, or is at low altitude.[121]

From July 2008, the steel landing gear brakes on new NGs were replaced by Messier-Bugatti carbon brakes, achieving weight savings to 550–700 pounds (250–
320 kg) depending on whether standard or high-capacity brakes were equipped.[122] On a 737-800 this gives a 0.5% improvement in fuel efficiency.[123]

737s are not equipped with fuel dump systems. The original design was too small to require this, and adding a fuel dump system to the later, larger variants would
have incurred a large weight penalty. Boeing instead demonstrated an "equivalent level of safety". Depending on the nature of the emergency, 737s either circle to
burn off fuel or land overweight. If the latter is the case, the aircraft is inspected by maintenance personnel for damage and then returned to service if none is
found.[124][125]

The original 737 with JT8D The 737 Classic with larger The 737NG with improved The 737 MAX has
engines that span the entire CFM56 engines mounted CFM56-7 engines larger CFM LEAP
wing chord mostly ahead of the wing engines with chevrons,
mounted even further
ahead of the wing

Engines
Engines on the 737 Classic series (-300, -400, -500) and Next-Generation series (-600, -700, -800, -900) do not have circular inlets like most aircraft but rather a
planform on the lower side, which has been dictated largely by the need to accommodate ever larger engine diameters. The 737 Classic series featured CFM56
high bypass turbofan engines, which were 25% more efficient and also reduced noise significantly over JT8D low bypass engines used on the 737 Original series
(-100 and -200), but also posed an engineering challenge given the low ground clearance of the Boeing 737 family. Boeing and engine supplier CFM International
(CFMI) solved the problem by placing the engine ahead of (rather than below) the wing, and by moving engine accessories to the sides (rather than the bottom) of
the engine pod, giving the 737 Classic and later generations a distinctive non-circular air intake.[55]

The improved, higher pressure ratio CFM56-7 turbofan engine on the 737 Next Generation is 7% more fuel-efficient than the previous CFM56-3 on the 737
Classic with the same bypass ratio. The newest 737 variants, the 737 MAX series, feature LEAP-1B engines from CFMI with a 69 inches (1.76 m) fan diameter.
These engines were expected to be 10-12% more efficient than the CFM56-7B engines on the 737 Next Generation series.[126]
 737-200 JT8D engine with 737-400 CFM56 engine with 737-800 CFM56 engine with a 737 MAX 9 CFM LEAP-1B
original cowling design an ovoid "hamster pouch" more rounded inlet versus the engine with 787-derived engine
inlet with a flattened bottom -400 due to a redesigned fan chevrons
in the engine

Flight systems
The 737 uses a hydro-mechanical flight control system,[127] similar to the Boeing 707 and typical of the period in which the 737 was originally designed. Pilot
commands are transmitted to hydraulic boosters attached to the control surfaces via steel cables that run through the fuselage and wings, rather than by the electrical
fly-by-wire systems found in more recent designs like the Airbus A320 or Boeing 777.[127]

The primary flight controls have mechanical backups. In the event of total hydraulic system failure or double engine failure, they will automatically and seamlessly
revert to control via servo tab. In this mode, termed manual reversion, the servo tabs aerodynamically control the elevators and ailerons; these servo tabs are in turn
controlled by cables running to the control yoke. The pilot's muscle forces alone control the tabs.

The 737 Next Generation series introduced a six-screen LCD glass cockpit with modern avionics but designed to retain crew commonality with previous 737
generations.[128] The 737 MAX introduced a 4 15.1 inch landscape LCD screen cockpit manufactured by Rockwell Collins derived from the Boeing 787
Dreamliner. Except for the spoilers, which are fly-by-wire controlled, and all the analog instruments, which became digital, everything else is similar to the cockpits
of the previous 737 generations to maintain commonality.

Original 737-200 cockpit Classic 737-300 cockpit Next Generation 737-800 737 MAX 8 cockpit
cockpit

Aerodynamics
The Original -100 and -200 series were built without wingtip devices, but these were later introduced to improve fuel efficiency. The 737 has evolved four winglet
types: the 737-200 Mini-winglet, 737 Classic/NG Blended Winglet, 737 Split Scimitar Winglet, and 737 MAX Advanced Technology Winglet.[119] The 737-200
Mini-winglets are part of the Quiet Wing Corp modification kit that received certification in 2005.[119]

Blended winglets were standard on the 737 NG since 2000 and are available for retrofit on 737 Classic models. These winglets stand approximately 8 feet (2.4 m)
tall and are installed at the wing tips. They improve fuel efficiency by up to 5% through lift-induced drag reduction achieved by moderating wingtip
vortices.[129][130]

Split Scimitar winglets became available in 2014 for the 737-800, 737-900ER, BBJ2 and BBJ3, and in 2015 for the 737-700, 737-900 and BBJ1.[131] Split
Scimitar winglets were developed by Aviation Partners, the same Seattle-based corporation that developed the blended winglets; the Split Scimitar winglets
produce up to a 5.5% fuel savings per aircraft compared to 3.3% savings for the blended winglets. Southwest Airlines flew their first flight of a 737-800 with Split
Scimitar winglets on April 14, 2014.[132] The next generation 737, 737 MAX, will feature an Advanced Technology (AT) Winglet that is produced by Boeing.
The Boeing AT Winglet resembles a cross between the Blended Winglet and the Split Scimitar Winglet.[133]

An optional Enhanced Short Runway Package was developed for use on short runways.

Blended Winglet, standard Split Scimitar Winglet standard Advanced Technology

on NGs, a retrofit option for on later NGs Winglet standard on MAX
Classics

Interior
The first generation Original series 737 cabin was replaced for the second generation Classic series with a design based on the Boeing 757 cabin. The Classic cabin
was then redesigned once more for the third, Next Generation, 737 with a design based on the Boeing 777 cabin. Boeing later offered the redesigned Sky Interior
on the NG. The principal features of the Sky Interior include sculpted sidewalls, redesigned window housings, increased headroom and LED mood
lighting,[134][135] larger pivot-bins based on the 777 and 787 designs and generally more luggage space,[135] and claims to have improved cabin noise levels by 2–
4 dB.[134] The first 737 equipped Boeing Sky Interior was delivered to Flydubai in late 2010.[134] Continental Airlines,[136][137] Alaska Airlines,[138] Malaysia
Airlines,[139] and TUIFly have also received Sky Interior-equipped 737s.[140]
 737 Classic interior in 3–3 Boeing 737NG standard
economy class layout interior with curved panels Boeing 737NG Sky Interior
with pivot bins and LED
lighting

Other variants

737 AEW&C
The Boeing 737 AEW&C is a 737-700IGW roughly similar to the 737-700ER. This is an Airborne Early Warning and Control
(AEW&C) version of the 737NG. Australia is the first customer (as Project Wedgetail), followed by Turkey and South Korea.

T-43/CT-43A
The T-43 was a 737-200 modified for use by the United States Air Force for training navigators, now known as USAF combat
systems officers. Informally referred to as the Gator (an abbreviation of "navigator") and "Flying Classroom", nineteen of these The Boeing 737 AEW&C is
an Airborne Early Warning
aircraft were delivered to the Air Training Command at Mather AFB, California during 1973 and 1974. Two additional aircraft
and Control version of the
were delivered to the Colorado Air National Guard at Buckley ANGB (later Buckley AFB) and Peterson AFB, Colorado, in direct
737-700.
support of cadet air navigation training at the nearby U.S. Air Force Academy.

Two T-43s were later converted to CT-43As, similar to the CT-40A Clipper below, in the early 1990s and transferred to Air
Mobility Command and United States Air Forces in Europe, respectively, as executive transports. A third aircraft was also
transferred to Air Force Materiel Command for use as a radar test bed aircraft and was redesignated as an NT-43A. The T-43 was
retired by the Air Education and Training Command in 2010 after 37 years of service.[141]

C-40 Clipper The T-43 was a 737-200

The Boeing C-40 Clipper is a military version of the 737-700C NG. It is used by both the United States Navy and the United used by the United States
Air Force to train navigators.
States Air Force, and has been ordered by the United States Marine Corps.[142] Technically, only the Navy C-40A variant is named
"Clipper", whereas the USAF C-40B/C variants are officially unnamed.

P-8 Poseidon
The P-8 Poseidon developed for the United States Navy by Boeing Defense, Space & Security, based on the Next Generation 737-
800ERX. The P-8 can be operated in the anti-submarine warfare (ASW), anti-surface warfare (ASUW), and shipping interdiction
roles. It is armed with torpedoes, Harpoon anti-ship missiles and other weapons, and is able to drop and monitor sonobuoys, as well
as operate in conjunction with other assets such as the Northrop Grumman MQ-4C Triton maritime surveillance unmanned aerial
The Boeing C-40 Clipper is a
vehicle (UAV).
military version of the 737-
700C.
Boeing Business Jet (BBJ)
In the late 1980s, Boeing marketed the 77-33 jet, a business jet version of the 737-300.[143] The name was short-lived. After the
introduction of the Next Generation series, Boeing introduced the Boeing Business Jet (BBJ) series. The BBJ1 was similar in
dimensions to the 737-700 but had additional features, including stronger wings and landing gear from the 737-800, and had
increased range over the other 737 models through the use of extra fuel tanks. The first BBJ rolled out on August 11, 1998, and
flew for the first time on September 4.[144]

On October 11, 1999, Boeing launched the BBJ2. Based on the 737-800, it is 19 feet 2 inches (5.84 m) longer than the BBJ1, with The P-8 Poseidon is a 737-
25% more cabin space and twice the baggage space, but has slightly reduced range. It is also fitted with auxiliary belly fuel tanks 800 variant for anti-
submarine warfare, anti-
and winglets. The first BBJ2 was delivered on February 28, 2001.[144]
surface warfare, and
shipping interdiction.
Boeing's BBJ3 is based on the 737-900ER. The BBJ3 has 1,120 square feet (104 m2 ) of floor space, 35% more interior space, and
89% more luggage space than the BBJ2. It has an auxiliary fuel system, giving it a range of up to 4,725 nautical miles (8,751 km;
5,437 mi), and a Head-up display. Boeing completed the first example in August 2008. This aircraft's cabin is pressurized to a
simulated 6,500-foot (2,000 m) altitude.[145][146]

Boeing Converted Freighter program

The Boeing Converted Freighter program (BCF), or the 737-800BCF program, was launched by Boeing in 2016. It converts old
737-800 passenger jets to dedicated freighters.[147] The first 737-800BCF was delivered in 2018 to GECAS, which is leased to BBJ cabin example
West Atlantic.[148] Boeing has signed an agreement with Chinese YTO Cargo Airlines to provide the airline with 737-800BCFs
pending a planned program launch.[149]

Experimental
Four 737 aircraft have been used in Boeing test programs. In 2012, a new 737-800 bound for American Airlines became the first ecoDemonstrator airframe in a
program that continues annually into the 2020s. In conjunction with many industry partners, the program aims to reduce the environmental impact of aviation. In
2012 it tested the winglets which would eventually be used in the 737 MAX series.[150] Testing also included a variable area exhaust nozzle, regenerative
hydrogen fuel cells for electrical power, and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF).

In 2018, one of the 737 MAX 7 prototypes participated in Boeing's Quiet Technology Demonstrator 3 (QTD3) program, in which a NASA engine inlet designed
to reduce engine noise was tested over an acoustic array at Moses Lake, Washington.[151]

A 737 MAX 9 was used as the 2021 ecoDemonstrator. A new airframe in a special Alaska Airlines livery flew an extensive test program, a major part of which
was the use of SAF in blends of up to 50% including a flight from Seattle to Glasgow, Scotland, to attend the United Nations COP26 Climate Change
Conference.[152] Other test areas included halon-free fire extinguisher (ground testing only), a low-profile anti-collision light, and text-based air traffic control
communications.[153] At the end of the testing the aircraft was returned to standard configuration, and was delivered to Alaska Airlines in 2022.

During October 2023 a 737 MAX 10 destined for United Airlines flew a series of test flights to compare the emissions of SAF, including the contrails, with those
of conventional fuel. The emissions were measured by NASA’s Douglas DC-8 Airborne Science Lab which flew close behind the 737, which wore a special
livery as part of a series of special tests named ecoDemonstrator Explorer.[154]

Competition
The Boeing 737 Classic, Next Generation and MAX series have faced significant competition from the Airbus A320
family first introduced in 1988. The relatively recent Airbus A220 family now also competes against the smaller capacity
end of the 737 variants. The A320 was developed to compete also with the McDonnell Douglas MD-80/90 and 95 series;
the 95 later becoming the Boeing 717. Since July 2017, Airbus had a 59.4% market share of the re-engined single aisle
market, while Boeing had 40.6%; Boeing had doubts on over-ordered A320neos by new operators and expected to narrow
the gap with replacements not already ordered.[155] However, in July 2017, Airbus had still 1,350 more A320neo orders
than Boeing had for the 737 MAX.[156] United Airlines Airbus A320 (front)
and Boeing 737-900 on final
Boeing delivered 8,918 of the 737 family between March 1988 and December 2018,[1] while Airbus delivered 8,605 A320 approach
family aircraft over a similar period since first delivery in early 1988.[157]

Airbus A320 family deliveries[158][159]

Boeing 737 series deliveries[160][161]

Operators
The five largest operators of the Boeing 737 are Southwest Airlines (815), Ryanair (566), United Airlines (496), American 737 vs A320 family deliveries per
model 1967–2018
Airlines (363), and Delta Air Lines (240) as of June 2024.[162]

Civilian
In 2006, over 4,500 Boeing 737s were operated by more than 500 airlines, flying to 1,200 destinations in 190 countries and
on average 1,250 aircraft were airborne, with two either departing or landing every five seconds.[163] The 737 was the
most commonly flown aircraft in 2008,[164] 2009,[165] and 2010.[166]

In 2013, over 5,580 Boeing 737s were operated by more than 342 airlines in 111 countries, which represented more than
25% of the worldwide fleet of large jet airliners. The 737 had carried over 16.8 billion passengers (twice of 7.1 billion
world population in that time) over 119 billion miles (192 billion km) with more than 184 million flights or 264 million
hours in the air.[167] The largest 737 operator is
Southwest Airlines.
In 2016, there were 6,512 Boeing 737 airliners in service (5,567 737NGs plus 945 737-200s and 737 Classics), more than
the 6,510 Airbus A320 family.[168] while in 2017, there were 6,858 737s in service (5,968 737NGs plus 890 737-200s and
classics), fewer than the 6,965 A320 family.[169]

By 2018, over 7,500 Boeing 737s were in service and on average 2,800 aircraft were airborne, with two either departing or landing every three seconds, carrying
around three million passengers daily. At the time, the global 737 fleet had carried over 22 billion passengers since its introduction.[170]

As of June 2021, there were 9,315 Boeing 737s in service,[171] slightly fewer than the 9,353 of the A320 family,[172] as more 737s were already out of service.

Military
Many countries operate the 737 passenger, BBJ, and cargo variants in government or military applications.[173] Users with 737s include:

Argentina Democratic Malaysia Peru Thailand

Australia Republic of the Congo Mexico Poland Turkey
Brazil India Mongolia South Africa United Kingdom
Chile Indonesia Netherlands Saudi Arabia United States
China Iran Nigeria Republic of Korea
Colombia Kazakhstan Pakistan Taiwan

Orders and deliveries

The 737 had the highest, cumulative orders for any airliner until surpassed by the A320 family in October 2019.[174] In that
year, 737 orders dropped by 90%, as 737 MAX orders dried up after the March grounding.[175] The 737 MAX backlog
fell by 182, mainly due to the Jet Airways bankruptcy, a drop in Boeing's airliner backlog was a first in at least the past 30
years.[176]

As of May 2024, 16,525 units of the Boeing 737 family had been ordered, with 4,763 orders were pending, or 4,320 when
including "additional criteria for recognizing contracted backlog with customers beyond the existence of a firm contract"
(ASC 606 Adjustment).[1]
Indonesian Air Force Boeing 737-2X9
Boeing delivered the 5,000th 737 to Southwest Airlines on February 13, 2006, the 6,000th 737 to Norwegian Air Shuttle in Surveiller (AI-7302) at Sultan Abdul
April 2009,[177] the 7,000th 737 to Flydubai on December 16, 2011,[167] the 8,000th 737 to United Airlines on April 16, Aziz Shah Airport

2014,[178] and the 9,000th 737 to China United Airlines in April 2016.[179] The 10,000th 737 was ordered in July
2012,[180] rolled out on March 13, 2018, and was to be delivered to Southwest Airlines; the backlog at the time stood at
over 4,600 aircraft.[181]

As of May 2024, 11,762 units of the Boeing 737 family had been delivered,[1] while 11,471 of the competing A320 family
had been delivered.[182] Therefore, the 737 is the most delivered jetliner.[183][184][185]

737 deliveries per year, 1967–2018

Deliveries by year for all 737 generations and model series[1]

Year Total 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2

Deliveries 11,762 102 396 387 263 43[a] 127 580 529 490 495 485 440 415 372 376 372 290

2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987

302 212 202 173 223 299 282 320 282 135 76 89 121 152 218 215 174 146 165 161

1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 1979 1978 1977 1976 1975 1974 1973 1972 1971 1970 1969 1968 1967

141 115 67 82 95 108 92 77 40 25 41 51 55 23 22 29 37 114 105 4

a. The 2020 deliveries consist of 16 NG-based variants and 27 737 MAXs.

Model summary

Orders and deliveries by generation and model series[1]

Generation Model series ICAO code[186] Orders Deliveries Unfilled orders First flight

737-100 B731 30 30 — April 9, 1967

737-200 991 991 — August 8, 1967

737 Original
737-200C B732 104 104 — September 18, 1968

737-T43A 19 19 — March 10, 1973

737-300 B733 1,113 1,113 — February 24, 1984

737 Classic 737-400 B734 486 486 — February 19, 1988

737-500 B735 389 389 — June 30, 1989

737-600 B736 69 69 — January 22, 1998

737-700 1,128 1,128 — February 9, 1997

737-700C B737 22 22 — April 14, 2000[187]

737-700W 14 14 — May 20, 2004[188]

737 NG
737-800 4,991 4,989 2 July 31, 1997
B738
737-800A 191 178 13 April 25, 2009[189]

737-900 52 52 — August 3, 2000

B739
737-900ER 505 505 — September 1, 2006

737-BBJ1 (-700) B73G 122 122 — September 4, 1998

737 BBJ 737-BBJ2 (-800) B738 23 23 — N/A

737-BBJ3 (-900) B739 7 7 — N/A

737 MAX 737 MAX (-7,-8,-9,-10) B37M / B38M / B39M / B3XM 6,269 1,521 4,748 January 29, 2016[190]

Boeing 737 family All series B73-, B3-M 16,525 11,762 4,763 April 9, 1967[1]
Accidents and incidents
As of November 2023, the Boeing 737 family has been involved in 529 aviation accidents and incidents,[191] including 215 hull loss accidents out of 234 hull-
losses, resulting in a total of 5,779 fatalities.[192][193]

A Boeing analysis of commercial jet airplane accidents between 1959 and 2013 found that the hull loss rate for the Original series was 1.75 per million departures,
for the Classic series 0.54, and the Next Generation series 0.27.[194]

During the 1990s, a series of rudder issues on series -200 and -300 aircraft resulted in multiple incidents. In two total loss accidents, United Airlines Flight 585 (a
-200 series) and USAir Flight 427, (a -300), the pilots lost control of the aircraft following a sudden and unexpected deflection of the rudder, killing everyone
aboard, a total of 157 people.[195] Similar rudder issues led to a temporary loss of control on at least five other 737 flights before the problem was ultimately
identified. The National Transportation Safety Board determined that the accidents and incidents were the result of a design flaw that could result in an
uncommanded movement of the aircraft's rudder.[196]: 13 [197]: ix As a result of the NTSB's findings, the Federal Aviation Administration ordered that the rudder
servo valves be replaced on all 737s and mandated new training protocols for pilots to handle an unexpected movement of control surfaces.[198]

Following the crashes of two 737 MAX 8 aircraft, Lion Air Flight 610 in October 2018 and Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 in March 2019, which caused 346
deaths, civil aviation authorities around the world grounded the 737 MAX series.[85] On December 16, 2019, Boeing announced that it would suspend production
of the 737 MAX from January 2020.[86] Production of the MAX series resumed on May 27, 2020.[199]

Aircraft on display
Owing to the 737's long production history and popularity, many older 737s have found use in museums after reaching the
end of useful service.

19437/1: 737-130 registered N515NA on static display at the Museum of Flight in Seattle, Washington. It
was the first 737 built and is painted in NASA markings.[200]
19047/14: 737-222 registered N9009U preserved by Southern Illinois University Carbondale at Southern
Illinois Airport.[201]
20213/160: 737-201 registered N213US forward fuselage on static display at the Museum of Flight in USAir 737-200 fuselage section at
the Museum of Flight
Seattle, Washington, in USAir livery.[202]
20561/292: 737-281 registered LV-WTX on static display at the National Museum of Aeronautics in Morón,
Buenos Aires.[203]
20562/293: 737-281 registered CC-CSK fuselage preserved at Motel Bahía in Concón, Chile.[204][205]
21262/470: 737-2H4 registered C-GWJT on static display at the British Columbia Institute of Technology Aerospace Technology Campus in
Richmond, British Columbia. It is used for ground instructional training. The aircraft was donated by WestJet and bears its livery.[206][207]
21340/499: 737-2H4 registered N29SW on static display at the Kansas Aviation Museum in Wichita, Kansas. It was formerly operated by Ryan
International Airlines and prior to that Southwest Airlines.[208][209]
21712/557: 737-275 registered C-GIPW preserved in operational condition at Alberta Flying Heritage Museum in Villeneuve, Alberta. Painted
in Pacific Western Airlines livery.[210]
22578/767: 737-290C registered N740AS on static display at the Alaska Aviation Heritage Museum in Anchorage, Alaska. It was formerly
operated by Alaska Airlines.[211]
22826/878: 737-2H4 registered YV1361 preserved at a hotel in Santiago, Chile. It was formerly operated by Avior Airlines.[212]
23059/980: 737-2Z6 registered 22–222 on static display at the Royal Thai Air Force Museum in Bangkok.[213][214]
22940/1037: 737-3H4 registered N300SW on static display at the Frontiers of Flight Museum in Dallas, Texas. It was the first such aircraft
delivered to Southwest Airlines in November 1984.[215]
23257/1124: 737-301 registered PK-AWU on static display at ITE College Central in Singapore.[216]
23472/1194: 737-219 registered ZS-SMD on static display at the South African Airways Museum in Germiston, Gauteng.[217]
23660/1294: 737-377 registered G-CELS (nickname Elsie) on static display at Norwich International Aviation Academy, as an aircraft
maintenance trainer. It is painted in the silver & red Jet2.com color scheme, without the logo branding.[218]
 27286/2528: 737-3Q8 registered N759BA on static display at the Pima Air & Space Museum in Tucson, Arizona. It is painted in China
Southern Airlines markings, and was previously operated by the airline as B-2921.[219]

Specifications
Boeing 737 characteristics[220]

Variant 737-100 737-200 737-300/-400/-500 737-600/-700/-800/-900 737 MAX-7/8/9/10[221][222]

Cockpit
Two
crew

2-class
85: 12F 73Y 102: 14F@38" 88Y@34" 126/147/110 108/128/160/177 138/162/178/188
seats

1-class
103@34" – 118@30" 115@34" – 130@30" 140+/159-168/122-132 123-130/140+/175+/177-215 153/178/193/204
seats
Exit limit 124 136 149/188/145 149/149/189/220 172/200/220/230

116.7–143.7 ft (35.56–
Length 94 ft (29 m) 100 ft 2 in (30.53 m) 102–120 ft (31–37 m) 102–138 ft (31–42 m)
43.8 m)

112 ft 7 in (34.32 m)
Span 93 ft (28 m) 94 ft 9 in (28.88 m) 117 ft 10 in (35.92 m)
winglets: 117 ft 5 in (35.79 m)
[223] 2 2
Wing 979.9 sq ft (91.04 m ), 25° sweep 1,341.2 sq ft (124.60 m ) 1,370 sq ft (127 m2)[224]
Height 37 ft (11 m) 36 ft 6 in (11.13 m) 41 ft (12 m) 40 ft 4 in (12.29 m)

Width Fuselage: 148 inches (3.8 m), Cabin: 139.2 inches (3.54 m)

882–1,373 cu ft 720–1,826 cu ft 1,543–1,814 cu ft

Cargo 650 cu ft (18 m3) 875 cu ft (24.8 m3)
25.0–38.9 m3 20.4–51.7 m3 43.7–51.4 m3
110,000 lb 128,100 lb 133,500–150,000 lb 144,500–187,700 lb 177,000–194,700 lb
MTOW
(50,000 kg) (58,100 kg) (60,600–68,000 kg) (65,500–85,100 kg) (80,300–88,300 kg)

62,000 lb 65,300 lb 70,440–76,760 lb 80,200–98,495 lb MAX 8: 99,360 lb

OEW
(28,000 kg) (29,600 kg) (31,950–34,820 kg) (36,378–44,677 kg) (45,070 kg)[225]
Fuel 6,875–7,837 US gal (26,020–
capacity
4,720 US gal (17,900 L) 5,970 US gal (22,600 L)[a] 5,311 US gal (20,100 L)
29,670 L)
6,853 US gal (25,940 L)

Speed Mach 0.745 – Mach 0.82 (430–473 kn; 796–876 km/h; 494–544 mph) Cruise—MMO[224] Mach 0.785 (453 kn; 838 km/h; 521 mph) Cruise

7,500–8,690 ft 6,161–7,598 ft
Takeoff[b] 6,099 ft (1,859 m)[223]
2,290–2,650 m[226] 1,878–2,316 m[223]
2,060–2,375 nmi 2,935–3,010 nmi 3,300–3,850 nmi
1,540 nmi (2,850 km; 2,600 nmi (4,800 km;
Range (3,815–4,398 km; 2,371– (5,436–5,575 km; 3,378– (6,110–7,130 km; 3,800–
1,770 mi)[227] 3,000 mi)[c][228]
2,733 mi)[226] 3,464 mi)[229] 4,430 mi)

Ceiling[224] 37,000 ft (11,300 m) 41,000 ft (12,500 m)

Engines
Pratt & Whitney JT8D-7/-9/-15/-17 CFM56-3 series CFM56-7 series CFM LEAP-1B
(×2)
14,500–16,400 lbf 20,000–23,500 lbf 20,000–27,000 lbf
Thrust (×2) 14,000 lbf (62 kN)[227] up to 29,300 lbf (130 kN)
(64–73 kN)[228] (89–105 kN) (89–120 kN)

a. With 810 US gal (3,100 L) auxiliary fuel tank

b. MTOW, Sea Level, International Standard Atmosphere
c. 120 passengers

See also
Related development

Boeing 737 AEW&C Boeing 737 MAX Boeing Business Jet Boeing P-8 Poseidon
Boeing 737 Classic Boeing 737 Next Generation Boeing C-40 Clipper Boeing T-43
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Airbus A220 Comac C919 McDonnell Douglas DC-9 Sukhoi Superjet 100
Airbus A320 family Dassault Mercure McDonnell Douglas MD-80 Yakovlev Yak-42D
Boeing 717 Embraer 195 McDonnell Douglas MD-90

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Brady, Chris (October 17, 2014). The Boeing 737 Technical Guide (Pocket Budget Version). Lulu Enterprises. ISBN 978-1-291-77318-7.
Brady, Chris (2017). The Boeing 737 Technical Guide. Kingsley, Frodsham, Cheshire, UK: Tech Pilot Services. ISBN 978-1-4475-3273-6.
Bowers, Peter M. (1989). Boeing Aircraft Since 1916. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-037-2.
Endres, Günter (2001). The Illustrated Directory of Modern Commercial Aircraft. St. Paul, Minn.: MBI Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-7603-
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Sharpe, Michael; Shaw, Robbie (2001). Boeing 737-100 and 200 (https://archive.org/details/boeing737100200a00mich). St. Paul, Minn.: MBI
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Sutter, Joe (2006). 747: Creating the World's First Jumbo Jet and Other Adventures from a Life in Aviation. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian
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External links
737 page on Boeing.com (http://www.boeing.com/commercial/737family/background.html)
The 737 Story on FlightInternational.com (http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/the-boeing-737-story-204410/)
"737-200" (http://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/company/about_bca/startup/pdf/historical/737-200-passenger.pdf) (PDF). Boeing.
2007.

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