BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA

LIBERTADOR EXPERIMENTAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE FOR PROFESSIONAL IMPROVEMENT OF
TEACHING
PORTUGUESE ACADEMIC NUCLEUS

Physical
education

Members:
Maria Hidalgo CI 14.205.195
Norelvis Leon CI 18.670.266
Julia Bitriago CI 19.187.587

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 Guanare; November 2014
INDEX
INTRODUCTION 3
FITNESS 4
PHYSICAL ATTITUDE 4
PHYSICAL TRAINING 5
DOSAGE 5
PHYSICAL VALENCES 5
TRAINING CIRCUIT 6
TYPES OF PHYSICAL AND SPORTS ACTIVITIES 7
CONCLUSION 9
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES 10

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 INTRODUCTION
Today's society increasingly demands the need to incorporate into
culture and education those knowledge and skills that, related to the body
and motor activity, contribute to personal development and to improving the
quality of life. The emergence of a growing sedentary lifestyle, a
consequence of the changes, habits and lifestyles of 21st century man,
demands additional physical activity to compensate for the motor deficiencies
of his bodily functions and capacities.
It is through the body and movement that a person relates to the
environment. In response to this social demand, in the area of Physical
Education, educational actions aimed at body care, health, physical
improvement and the appropriate use of leisure time must be taken into
account.
Physical education is an integral part of Education. The aim is to
achieve normal somato-psychic-functional development of the human being,
through the adjusted implementation of movement in its innumerable forms of
application.
It is important to know that physical education is not only based on the
body and its motor skills, it also has to do with the mind and the organism and
the way to know it better. That is why it is said that it is a physical-
psychological subject that forms us integrally.
Physical education is a pedagogical discipline that bases its
intervention on body movement, to first structure and then develop, in an
integral and harmonious way, the physical, affective and cognitive capacities
of the person, with the aim of improving the quality of human participation in
the different areas of life, such as the family, social and productive.
Nowadays, physical education is an individual necessity but also a social one.

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 FITNESS
It is the natural condition that an individual has to carry out physical
activities efficiently, and is determined by the development of physiological
qualities.
According to Carvajal, Rauseo and Rico, physical fitness is the
capacity of the human body to carry out different physical activities efficiently,
delaying the onset of fatigue and reducing the time needed to recover after
activities.
Physical Fitness is the result of the proper functioning of the organs,
systems and apparatus of the human body, due to the periodic and
systematic performance of physical activities. The basic components of
Physical Fitness are aerobic capacity, anaerobic power and flexibility.
To improve physical fitness, the different physical qualities of the body
must be developed.
To improve physical fitness, it is necessary to develop these qualities.
It is very easy to distinguish people who have adequate physical fitness;
everywhere you can find people who are strong, fast, resistant and agile; they
also have a very beautiful body and quickly learn all the sports they are
taught. There are also people of different ages in the community who
demonstrate excellent physical conditions.

PHYSICAL ATTITUDE
A series of medium-intensity exercises performed before a workout,
class, or competition in order to fully prepare the body for a subsequent
activity requiring greater effort. Its fundamental objective is to help prevent
injuries and prepare the subject physiologically as well as emotionally for the
beginning of more intense activities.
PHYSICAL TRAINING
It is a specialized pedagogical process, aimed at educating and
developing motor qualities, assimilating and perfecting technical and tactical

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habits and mobilizing the psychic and functional reserves of the athlete,
based on the use of various physical exercises or motor actions with the aim
of adapting the organism to extreme efforts and achieving the highest
technical-sporting results in the type of sport chosen.

DOSAGE
Physical education as a pedagogical process must meet formative
(educational) and instructive objectives to achieve the comprehensive and
harmonious development of the individual. Physical Education can be defined
as the comprehensive education of the individual through movement. It is an
education with movement and for movement, in short, a science that teaches
how, when, why and where physical or sporting activity should be carried out.
In order to achieve the educational objective, it is necessary to teach,
perfect and consolidate basic motor and sports skills, and develop physical
abilities through physical exercises and games.
Precisely, to develop physical conditional and coordinative capacities,
as well as flexibility in students, it is necessary to use physical load as a
fundamental way. Generally, both in physical education and in sports training,
all authors agree that there are two types of load: internal load and external
load.

PHYSICAL VALENCES
It is a set of aspects that determine the physical conditions of an
individual and have innate and acquired characteristics.
Classification of Physical Valences:
 Strength: Strength is the body's ability to overcome or exert tension
against resistance.
 Power: The ability to execute something or produce an effect,
generally used in those situations in which one wants to give a notion
of strength and power.

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  Speed: Speed is the ability of an individual to travel a distance or
make a movement in the shortest possible time. Speed can be defined
as the ability, based on the action of the nervous system, muscles and
speed, to perform movement.
 Flexibility: Flexibility is the body's ability to move the bone segments
that form part of the joint. This refers to the radius of action that a joint
is capable of producing.
 Coordination: We understand coordination as the action of
coordinating, of putting different elements to work together in order to
obtain a specific result. Any individual or object that plays the role of
coordinator in a given situation.
 Anaerobic Resistance: It is the power that an athlete has to sustain, for
the longest possible period of time, a lack of oxygen in the body,
produced by a high work rate. The greater the muscular effort made by
the athlete, the greater the amount of oxygen required by the body,
although the amount that the body can use is limited.

TRAINING CIRCUIT
It consists of performing a series of exercises in such a way that they
form a circuit in which a series of exercises with different effects are
performed with or without implements, which are called stations. The teacher
indicates the different rotations of the devices. In 1953, the Englishmen
Morgan and Anderson developed a training system at the University of Sud
(England) which, according to its formal structure, they called Circuit Training.
Its types are:
 Open circuit: This is the circuit where the members are told how the
exercise is going to be performed, the athlete performs the exercise
according to their physical conditions.
 Closed circuit: This is considered because the teacher decides the way
of work to execute the exercises.

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  Mixed circuit: It is the combination of the previous ones in which some
stations are open and others are closed.

TYPES OF PHYSICAL AND SPORTS ACTIVITIES

There are two types of exercise: isotonic and isometric.

 Isotonic exercise involves the contraction of muscle groups against low
resistance over a long distance, such as running, swimming, or doing
Swedish gymnastics. Isotonic exercise is more beneficial for the
cardiovascular system: it increases the amount of blood pumped by
the heart and encourages the proliferation of small vessels that
transport oxygen to the muscles, all of these changes allow for
sustained physical activity. An example of this type of exercise is
aerobics, a system of exercise designed to improve cardiovascular
conditions. A regular aerobic program can improve the body's ability to
absorb oxygen efficiently, which increases stamina and increases
endurance. For maximum performance, aerobic exercise should be
performed three to five times per week, for periods of at least 15
minutes per hour.
 Isometric exercise involves moving muscles against high resistance
over a short distance, such as pushing or pulling an immovable object.
Isometric exercise is best for developing long muscles, increasing the
thickness of muscle fibers and their ability to store glycogen, the fuel
for muscle cells. This type of exercise aims to increase muscle
strength, an example of this is work done with machines and weight
lifting.

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 CONCLUSION
Today's times lead many people to neglect their body, leaving aside
not only the necessary hours of rest, but also having a poor diet, which
implies not only not having a balanced diet but sometimes not reaching the
amount of nutrients necessary for the basic demands of the body, which often
leads to thinking that eating enough is eating well.
And that is when the problems of being overweight begin,
accompanied by office work that leads to a sedentary life, and we begin to
worry about our body, so one of the first options we think of is to exercise,
although this can sometimes be harmful if done without the appropriate
controls and adequate knowledge to carry out the activities.
One of the branches of knowledge that is responsible for avoiding
these headaches is precisely Physical Education, which, as its name
indicates, aims at providing Pedagogical Training in the care of our body,
applied not only to Physical Health, but also to the orders we must have to
lead a Healthy Life.
In short, physical education is the discipline that covers everything
related to the use of the body. From a pedagogical point of view, it helps the
comprehensive development of the human being.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES
 Néstor Carvajal, Régulo Rauseo and Henry Rico, "Physical Education and
Sport" 3rd. Stage, Romor Publishing House, Venezuela.
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 Diaz, F. And Becerra, F. Measurement and evaluation of physical
education and sports. Copy SA Investor, Caracas, 1981.