Types of Relative Clauses
| Type of Clause | Usage (Foydalanish) |
|||
| Defining Relative Clause | Provides essential information to define or identify the noun. It is
necessary to understand the meaning of the sentence. No commas are used. <br> Aniqlovchi aloqador
gap – Bosh gapdagi ismni aniqlash yoki tushuntirish uchun ishlatiladi. Zaruriy ma'lumot beradi va
virgullar bilan ajratilmaydi. |
| Nondefining Relative Clause | Provides extra information about the noun but does not change the
meaning of the sentence. It is additional and not essential to the sentence. Commas are used. <br>
Qo'shimcha aniqlovchi aloqador gap – Bosh gapdagi ismga qo'shimcha ma'lumot beradi. Muayyan
ma'lumot emas, faqat izoh. Virgullar bilan ajratiladi. |
| Relative Clauses with Possession | Shows possession or ownership. Can be used for both people and
things. <br> Egasini ko'rsatuvchi aloqador gap – Ega bo'lishni ifodalovchi gap. Faqat insonlar yoki
narsalar uchun ishlatiladi. |
Relative Pronouns and Their Usage
| Relative Pronoun | Used For (Qaysi uchun ishlatiladi) | Example (Misol) |
||||
| Who | People (subject or object) | The teacher who taught me is very kind. <br>
O'qituvchi kim meni o'rgatgan, juda mehribon. |
| Whom | People (formal, object of a verb or preposition) | The person whom I met was very
helpful. <br> Men uchrashgan odam kimga yordam berdi, juda foydali edi. |
| Which | Things (subject or object) | The car which I bought last year is expensive. <br> Men
o'tgan yili sotib olgan qaysi mashina qimmat. |
| That | People or Things (informal, can replace who or which) | The movie that we watched was
fantastic. <br> Biz tomosha qilgan qaysi film ajoyib edi. |
| Whose | Possession (for people or things) | The writer whose books are popular is coming to
our school. <br> Kitoblari mashhur bo'lgan kimning yozuvchisi bizning maktabga kelmoqda. |
| Where | Place | The town where I was born is small. <br> Men tug'ilgan
qayerda shahar kichik. |
| When | Time | The day when we met was unforgettable. <br> Biz uchrashgan
qachon o'sha kun unutilmas edi. |
Examples of Relative Clauses
Defining Relative Clauses (Essential Information)
The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.
Defining Relative Clause: It defines which book is being referred to.
Aniqlovchi aloqador gap: Qaysi kitob haqida gap ketayotganini aniqlaydi.
The woman who lives next door is a teacher.
Defining Relative Clause: It tells us which woman is being talked about.
Aniqlovchi aloqador gap: Qaysi ayol haqida gapirilayotgani haqida ma'lumot beradi.
Nondefining Relative Clauses (Additional Information)
My sister, who is a doctor, lives in London.
Nondefining Relative Clause: Adds extra information about the sister, but you already know who she
is.
Qo'shimcha aniqlovchi aloqador gap: Akam haqida qo'shimcha ma'lumot beradi, lekin kimligini
allaqachon bilasiz.
Paris, which is known for its art, is a beautiful city.
Nondefining Relative Clause: Provides additional information about Paris.
Qo'shimcha aniqlovchi aloqador gap: Parij haqida qo'shimcha ma'lumot beradi.
Relative Clauses with Possession
The man whose car was stolen reported it to the police.
Relative Clause with Possession: The clause shows possession of the car.
Egasini ko'rsatuvchi aloqador gap: Gap mashina kimning egaligini ko'rsatadi.
The team whose members work together well wins the competition.
Relative Clause with Possession: It shows possession of the team’s members.
Egasini ko'rsatuvchi aloqador gap: Jamoaning a'zolarining birgalikda ishlashi haqida ma'lumot beradi.
Relative Clauses with Prepositions
In nondefining relative clauses, a preposition can come before the relative pronoun, especially when the
relative pronoun is whom (not who). This structure is more formal.
| Example with Preposition | Meaning (Tushuntirish) |
|||
| The person to whom I spoke is very friendly. | (Formal version of "The person who I spoke to is very
friendly.") |
| The woman with whom I was talking is my neighbor. | (Formal version of "The woman who I was
talking with is my neighbor.") |
Omitting the Relative Pronoun
In some cases, especially with defining relative clauses, the relative pronoun can be omitted when it is
the object of the relative clause. However, it cannot be omitted if it is the subject of the relative clause.
| Sentence with Relative Pronoun | Sentence without Relative Pronoun |
|||
| The book that I read was interesting. | The book I read was interesting. |
| The man whom I met was very kind. | The man I met was very kind. |
Key Points to Remember (Muhim Nuqtalar)
1. Defining relative clauses provide essential information about the noun and do not use commas.
Aniqlovchi aloqador gaplar bosh gapdagi ismlarni aniqlash uchun ishlatiladi va virgullar ishlatilmaydi.
2. Nondefining relative clauses add extra information and must be separated by commas.
Qo'shimcha aniqlovchi aloqador gaplar qo'shimcha ma'lumot beradi va virgullar bilan ajratiladi.
3. Whose shows possession and can be used for both people and things.
Kimning so'zi egalarni ko'rsatadi va insonlar yoki narsalar uchun ishlatiladi.
4. That can replace who or which in defining relative clauses, but it cannot be used in nondefining
clauses.
Qaysi so'zi aniqlovchi aloqador gaplarda kim yoki qaysi o'rnini bosishi mumkin, lekin u qo'shimcha
aniqlovchi gaplarda ishlatilmaydi.
This table should provide a clear, detailed understanding of relative clauses and their usage, both in
English and Uzbek.
Here are **20 exercises** on relative clauses to help reinforce your understanding:
---
### **Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct relative pronoun (who, whom, which, whose,
that).**
1. The woman _______ lives next to me is a teacher.
2. The car _______ he bought last week is already broken.
3. The person _______ you were talking to is my cousin.
4. The book _______ I borrowed from the library is very interesting.
5. The house _______ we moved into last month is quite big.
6. The students _______ passed the test were very happy.
7. The country _______ I visited last summer was beautiful.
8. The teacher _______ gave the lecture is very experienced.
9. The restaurant _______ we ate at last night was fantastic.
10. The movie _______ won several awards was directed by a famous filmmaker.
---
### **Exercise 2: Choose the correct relative pronoun (who, whom, which, whose, that).**
11. The girl _______ I met at the party is from Italy.
- a) who
- b) whom
12. The book _______ I am reading is about space exploration.
- a) which
- b) who
13. The musician _______ songs are very popular is performing tonight.
- a) whose
- b) who
14. The place _______ we stayed during our vacation was beautiful.
- a) which
- b) that
15. The company _______ I work for is expanding rapidly.
- a) that
- b) whom
---
### **Exercise 3: Combine the sentences using a relative clause.**
16. I met a woman. She is a famous artist.
17. I visited the museum. It has a large collection of ancient artifacts.
18. I have a friend. His brother is a professional football player.
19. I watched the documentary. It explains the history of the pyramids.
20. The book is very interesting. I borrowed it from the library.
---
### **Exercise 4: Choose the correct option to complete the sentence.**
21. The man _______ you were talking to is my uncle.
- a) who
- b) whom
22. The woman _______ we spoke to at the store was very helpful.
- a) whose
- b) whom
23. The dog _______ barked all night is my neighbor’s pet.
- a) which
- b) that
24. The movie _______ I saw last week was fantastic.
- a) which
- b) that
25. The man _______ car was parked in front of my house is my boss.
- a) whose
- b) whom
---
### **Exercise 5: Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.**
26. The book which I read it was very interesting.
27. The team who won the game is celebrating their victory.
28. The man whose I met at the event was very friendly.
29. The car which she bought last year is blue.
30. The teacher whom teaches math is very strict.
---
**Answers:**
- **Exercise 1:**
1. who
2. which
3. whom
4. which
5. which
6. who
7. which
8. who
9. where
10. which
- **Exercise 2:**
11. a) who
12. a) which
13. a) whose
14. a) which
15. a) that
- **Exercise 3:**
16. I met a woman **who** is a famous artist.
17. I visited the museum **which** has a large collection of ancient artifacts.
18. I have a friend **whose** brother is a professional football player.
19. I watched the documentary **which** explains the history of the pyramids.
20. The book **which** I borrowed from the library is very interesting.
- **Exercise 4:**
21. a) who
22. b) whom
23. b) that
24. a) which
25. a) whose
- **Exercise 5:**
26. The book **that** I read was very interesting.
27. The team **that** won the game is celebrating their victory.
28. The man **whom** I met at the event was very friendly.
29. The car **that** she bought last year is blue.
30. The teacher **who** teaches math is very strict.
---
These 20 exercises cover a variety of tasks related to relative clauses to help improve your
understanding and usage.
Here are 10 more **different types of exercises** on relative clauses to further reinforce your
understanding:
---
### **Exercise 6: Match the sentences with the correct relative pronoun.**
1. The book was very interesting. I borrowed it from the library.
2. The woman is my neighbor. She has three children.
3. The hotel was amazing. We stayed there for two weeks.
4. The car was expensive. He bought it last year.
5. The place is very famous. We went there on vacation.
- a) who
- b) which
- c) that
- d) where
- e) whose
---
### **Exercise 7: Choose the correct option to complete the sentence.**
6. The dog _______ I adopted is very playful.
- a) whom
- b) whose
- c) which
- d) that
7. The person _______ you spoke to is my brother.
- a) that
- b) whom
- c) who
- d) where
8. The building _______ was destroyed in the fire is being rebuilt.
- a) whom
- b) that
- c) whose
- d) where
9. The company _______ he works for is a multinational corporation.
- a) that
- b) whom
- c) whose
- d) who
10. The movie _______ we watched last night was thrilling.
- a) that
- b) who
- c) which
- d) whom
---
### **Exercise 8: Combine the sentences using a relative clause.**
11. I met a man. He was wearing a blue suit.
12. The chair is very comfortable. I sit in it every day.
13. The place was quiet. We stayed there for a week.
14. The boy is my cousin. His father is a doctor.
15. I have a friend. She loves traveling.
---
### **Exercise 9: Fill in the blanks with the correct relative pronoun.**
16. The book _______ you gave me was a great read.
17. The woman _______ I spoke to at the party was really nice.
18. The movie _______ we saw last week was a comedy.
19. The teacher _______ class I enjoy is very friendly.
20. The restaurant _______ we ate at was fantastic.
---
### **Exercise 10: Identify the type of relative clause.**
For each sentence, decide if the relative clause is **defining** or **non-defining**.
21. The man who called me is my uncle.
22. Paris, which is known for its art, is a popular destination.
23. The book that I read last week was amazing.
24. My sister, who is a great cook, is visiting us tomorrow.
25. The car that I bought last year is still in good condition.
---
### **Exercise 11: Correct the mistakes in the relative clauses.**
26. The boy who mother is a teacher is my friend.
27. The woman whom I met yesterday was very friendly.
28. The movie that I watched it last night was interesting.
29. The car whose I drove was very fast.
30. The place where we went it was beautiful.
---
### **Exercise 12: Complete the sentences using relative clauses.**
31. The person _______ is going to the store is my friend.
32. The city _______ I live in is very busy.
33. The book _______ you recommended was excellent.
34. The woman _______ husband works with me is very kind.
35. The place _______ I grew up has changed a lot.
---
### **Exercise 13: Choose the correct relative pronoun to make the sentence correct.**
36. The woman _______ you spoke to is my boss.
- a) who
- b) whom
- c) whose
37. The company _______ I work for is based in New York.
- a) whom
- b) which
- c) that
38. The children _______ are playing outside are my neighbors.
- a) who
- b) whom
- c) whose
39. The book _______ I read last week was thrilling.
- a) that
- b) who
- c) which
40. The hotel _______ we stayed was amazing.
- a) who
- b) where
- c) whose
---
### **Exercise 14: Add the relative clause to complete the sentence.**
41. I know a man _______.
42. She has a cat _______.
43. The restaurant _______ is located by the beach is very popular.
44. The music _______ we listened to last night was fantastic.
45. The student _______ scored the highest in the class won a prize.
---
### **Exercise 15: Rewrite the sentence using a relative clause.**
46. He is the person. He helped me when I was lost.
47. I don’t like the book. It’s too long.
48. She is the woman. Her son plays football.
49. The restaurant was expensive. We ate there yesterday.
50. The place is beautiful. We visited it last summer.
---
### **Exercise 16: Fill in the blanks with relative pronouns where necessary.**
51. The man _______ you met at the conference is my father.
52. The team _______ won the championship was very happy.
53. The story _______ she told was fascinating.
54. The house _______ we lived in was sold last year.
55. The woman _______ car is parked outside is my neighbor.
---
### **Exercise 17: Choose the correct relative pronoun.**
56. The teacher _______ teaches English is very nice.
- a) that
- b) whom
- c) who
57. The dog _______ barked at me is friendly.
- a) which
- b) that
- c) whose
58. The artist _______ paintings are in the gallery is famous.
- a) whose
- b) that
- c) whom
59. The restaurant _______ we ate at was amazing.
- a) that
- b) where
- c) which
60. The person _______ car broke down is my friend.
- a) whose
- b) who
- c) whom
---
**Answers:**
- **Exercise 6:**
1. b) which
2. a) who
3. b) which
4. b) which
5. d) where
- **Exercise 7:**
6. d) that
7. c) who
8. b) that
9. a) that
10. c) which
- **Exercise 8:**
11. I met a man **who** was wearing a blue suit.
12. The chair **which** I sit in every day is very comfortable.
13. The place **where** we stayed for a week was quiet.
14. The boy **whose** father is a doctor is my cousin.
15. I have a friend **who** loves traveling.
- **Exercise 9:**
16. which
17. whom
18. which
19. whose
20. where
- **Exercise 10:**
21. Defining
22. Non-defining
23. Defining
24. Non-defining
25. Defining
- **Exercise 11:**
26. The boy **whose** mother is a teacher is my friend.
27. The woman **whom** I met yesterday was very friendly.
28. The movie **that** I watched last night was interesting.
29. The car **that** I drove was very fast.
30. The place **where** we went was beautiful.
- **Exercise 12:**
31. who
32. where
33. which
34. whose
35. where
- **Exercise 13:**
36. a) who
37. b) which
38. a) who
39. a) that
40. b) where
- **Exercise 14:**
41. who helped me
42. whose tail is long
43. which
44. that
45. who
- **Exercise 15:**
46. He is the person **who** helped me when I was lost.
47. I don’t like the book **because it’s too long.**
48. She is the woman **whose** son plays football.
49. The restaurant **where** we ate yesterday was expensive.
50. The place **that** we visited last summer is beautiful.
- **Exercise 16:**
51. whom
52. that
53. which
54. where
55. whose
- **Exercise 17:**
56. c) who
57. b) that
58. a) whose
59. c) which
60. a) whose
---
These 10 new exercises cover a wide
