Overview of Computer-Based Information Systems
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Eun HaeOverview of Computer-Based Information Systems
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Eun HaeCommon questions
Powered by AIOperational managers benefit from CBIS by receiving information related to short-term or daily operations, such as attendance or employee shifts, enabling them to make structured decisions . Middle managers use CBIS for managerial or tactical information, like annual production details or quarterly sales analysis, to make short-term plans and supervise operational levels . Senior managers receive strategic information from CBIS to make unstructured or strategic decisions, such as setting objectives and policies or analyzing revenue trends to increase revenue and reduce costs .
The essential components of a CBIS include hardware, software, data, telecommunications, people, and procedures. Hardware involves machinery like computers and peripherals, software encompasses programs and manuals, data are stored facts, telecommunications involve data transfer, people are the users, and procedures are policies for system operation .
In a CBIS, data and programs interact where programs, consisting of machine-readable instructions, process the raw data stored on machine-readable media. These instructions direct the hardware to manipulate data, transforming it into information useful for decision-making and operational purposes .
Procedures in a CBIS are analogous to the relationship between software and hardware because procedures govern the operation of the entire computer system, much like software directs hardware in executing tasks. This analogy emphasizes that just as software is critical for hardware productivity, procedures are vital for human interaction with the system .
A Management Information System (MIS) provides structured information that managers use in decision-making processes. By dealing with well-structured decision situations, MIS gives inputs necessary for managerial decisions and planning, thus facilitating efficient management .
Office Automation Systems (OAS) differ from other computer-based systems by their multifunctionality and integration, allowing various office activities to be electronically conducted within a single system. Unlike TPS or DSS that focus on specific transactional or decision-making tasks, OAS enhances overall office productivity and automation of workflows .
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) replace manual processes with computer-based processing, primarily focusing on record-keeping applications . In contrast, Decision Support Systems (DSS) are designed to provide information to managers dealing with unstructured decision situations, supporting judgement and decision making in complex scenarios . TPS focuses on operational efficiency, while DSS enhances managerial decision-making capabilities.
Using a CBIS influences decision-making across managerial levels by providing a tailored flow of information that aids structured, tactical, and strategic decisions. Operational managers get information for immediate, routine decision-making, middle managers receive insights for tactical supervision and planning, and senior managers obtain strategic data to guide major organizational policies and future direction . The system ensures each level is supported with relevant information, enhancing accuracy, speed, and effectiveness of decisions at all levels.
In a CBIS, hardware includes machinery like the computer, CPU, input/output devices, storage, and communications devices, serving as the foundation for operations . Software refers to computer programs and supporting manuals that direct hardware functions to produce useful information from data, typically stored on disks or tapes .
People are often considered the most influential component of a CBIS because they operationalize the system, interpreting and using the information produced to make decisions. Their understanding and interaction with the system significantly affect its success or failure, making them critical to achieving the system's objectives .
