P.

G Department of Biotechnology- syllabus 2023-25

FACULTY OF SCIENCES
SYLLABUS FOR THE BATCH FROM THE YEAR 2023 TO YEAR 2025
Programme Code: MSBT

Programme Name: [Link]. Biotechnology

(Semester I-IV)

Examinations: 2023-2025

Department of PG Department of Biotechnology

Khalsa College, Amritsar

_________________________________
Note: (a) Copy rights are reserved. Nobody is allowed to print it in any form.
(b) Subject to change in the syllabi at any time.
(c) Please visit the College website time to time.

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P.G Department of Biotechnology- syllabus 2023-25

[Link]. PROGRAMME OBJECTIVES

1. To improve, broaden, and deepen the knowledge of the students in order to provide students with an
adaptable, research-intensive curriculum that meet the needs of both academia and industry.
2. Enhancing career opportunities in industry, research locally and internationally,or serving as a
foundation for further higher education through, cutting-edge laboratory exposures and dissertation-
related activities that develop students' global competencies.
3. Fostering a value system among students in order to promote critical thinking and a thorough
understanding of key bioethical concepts.
4. To inculcate the ability to work as entrepreneurs and technologists with strong ethics and
communication abilities.

[Link]. PROGRAMME SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSOS)

PSO-1 To gain knowledge through theory and practical.
PSO-2 To establish a solid foundation at the cellular, molecular, genetic, and metabolic levels.
PSO-3 To make agricultural practices more efficient through the use of plant tissue culture and
recombinant DNA technology.
PSO-4 To gain understanding of biomolecules, including their formation and interaction.
PSO-5 To do research on microorganisms and strain improvement for industrial applications.
PSO-6 To instill safe laboratory practices and procedures.
PSO-7 To get knowledge on different techniques and the usage of laboratory instruments.

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Khalsa College Amritsar, an autonomous college
P.G Department of Biotechnology- syllabus 2023-25

[Link]. Biotechnology Sem I

COURSE SCHEME
SEMESTER – I
Course Code Course Name Hours/ Credits Total Max Marks Page No.
Week L T P Credits Th P IA Total
Major Courses
MA- Introductory 4 3 1 - 4 75 - 25 100 7-8
MBTL411 Biomathematics and
Biostatistics
BT-MBTL412 Cell Biology 4 3 1 - 4 75 - 25 100 9-10
BT-MBTP412 Cell Biology lab 4 - - 2 2 - 37 13 50 11

BT-MBTL413 Molecular Biology 4 3 1 - 4 75 - 25 100 12-13

BT-MBTP413 Molecular Biology lab 4 - - 2 2 - 37 13 50 14

BT-MBTL414 Biochemistry 4 3 1 - 4 75 - 25 100 15-16

BT-MBTP414 Biochemistry lab 4 - - 2 2 - 37 13 50 17

BT-MBTL415 General Microbiology, 4 3 1 - 4 75 - 25 100 18-19

Microbial Physiology &
Biotechnology
BT-MBTP415 General Microbiology, 4 - - 2 2 - 37 13 50 20
Microbial Physiology &
Biotechnology
Total 36 15 5 8 28 375 148 177 700

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Khalsa College Amritsar, an autonomous college
P.G Department of Biotechnology- syllabus 2023-25

[Link]. Biotechnology Sem II

COURSE SCHEME
SEMESTER – II
Course Course Name Hours/ Credits Total Max Marks Page No.
Code Week L T P Credits Th P IA Total
Major Courses
BT- Environmental 4 3 1 - 4 75 - 25 100 21-22
MBTL421 Biotechnology
BT- Environmental 4 - - 2 2 - 37 13 50 23
MBTP421 Biotechnology lab
BT- Enzymology and 4 3 1 - 4 75 - 25 100 24-25
MBTL422 Enzyme Technology
BT- Enzymology and 4 - - 2 2 - 37 13 50 26
MBTP422 Enzyme Technology
lab
BT- Biophysical and 4 3 1 - 4 75 - 25 100 27-28
MBTL423 Biochemical
Techniques
BT- Biophysical and 4 - - 2 2 - 37 13 50 29
MBTP423 Biochemical
Techniques lab
BT- Genetic Engineering 4 3 1 - 4 75 - 25 100 30-31
MBTL424
BT- Genetic Engineering lab 4 - - 2 2 - 37 13 50 32
MBTP424
CS- Computer Applications 3 2 1 - 3 56 - 19 75 33-34
MBTL425 & Data Analysis
CS- Computer Applications 2 - - 1 1 - 19 06 25 35
MBTP425 & Data Analysis lab
Total 37 14 5 9 28 356 157 177 700

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Khalsa College Amritsar, an autonomous college
P.G Department of Biotechnology- syllabus 2023-25

[Link]. Biotechnology Sem III

COURSE SCHEME
SEMESTER – III
Course Course Name Hours/ Credits Total Max Marks Page No.
Code Week L T P Credits Th P IA Total
Major Courses
BT- Animal Tissue Culture 4 3 1 - 4 75 - 25 100 36-37
MBTL531 & Animal
Biotechnology
BT- Animal Tissue Culture 4 - - 2 2 - 37 13 50 38-39
MBTP531 & Animal
Biotechnology Lab
BT- Plant Tissue Culture & 4 3 1 - 4 75 - 25 100 40-41
MBTL532 Plan Biotechnology
BT- Plant Tissue Culture & 4 - - 2 2 - 37 13 50 42
MBTP532 Plan Biotechnology
Lab
BT- Immunology 4 3 1 - 4 75 - 25 100 43-44
MBTL533
BT- Immunology Lab 4 - - 2 2 - 37 13 50 45
MBTP533
BT- Bioprocess 4 3 1 - 4 75 - 25 100 46-47
MBTL534 Engineering and
Technology
BT- Bioprocess 4 - - 2 2 - 37 13 50 48
MBTP534 Engineering and
Technology Lab
BT- * Seminar 3 3 - - 3 75 - - 75 49
MBTL535 (3 Credit
hours/Teacher)
Total 35 15 4 8 27 375 148 152 675

Note: * BT-MBTL535 – Seminar – No Internal Assessment

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P.G Department of Biotechnology- syllabus 2023-25

[Link]. Biotechnology Sem IV

COURSE SCHEME
SEMESTER – IV
Course Course Name Hours/ Credits Total Max Marks Page No.
Code Week L T P Credits Th P IA Total
Major Courses
BT- Genomics and 4 3 1 - 4 75 - 25 100 50-53
MBTL541A Proteomics
Or Or
BT- Introduction to
MBTL541B Bioinformatics

BT- Medical 4 3 1 - 4 75 - 25 100 54-59

MBTL542A Biotechnology
Or Or
BT- Advances in
MBTL542B Plant
Or Biotechnology
BT- Or
MBTL542C Microbial
Biotechnology
BT- Intellectual 4 3 1 - 4 75 - 25 100 60-61
MBTL543 Property Rights,
Bioethics and
Biosafety
BT- * Research Project 6 - - 3 3 Satisfactory/Not 62
MBTP544 (Satisfactory/not Satisfactory
satisfactory)
(3 Credit
hours/Teacher)
Presentation based - 75 - 75
on Research Project
BT- ** Educational 4 - - 2 2 - 50 - 50 63
MBTP545 Tour/Industrial Visit
Total 22 9 3 5 17 225 125 75 425

Note: * BT-MBTP544 - Research Project – No Internal Assessment

** BT-MBTP545 – Educational Tour/Industrial Visit – No Internal Assessment

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P.G Department of Biotechnology- syllabus 2023-25

[Link]. Biotechnology (Semester – I)

MA-MBTL411
Introductory Biomathematics and Biostatistics L-T-P: 3-1-0
Credit Hours (Per Week) =4
Maximum Marks: 100
Theory: 75
Time: 3 Hours Internal Assessment: 25

Instructions for paper setters and candidates

The question paper will consist of five sections: A, B, C, D, and E. Section A is
compulsory covering whole syllabus and will consist of 8 short-answer type questions,
with each question carrying 2.5 marks. Candidates are required to attempt six questions
from this Section. Sections B, C, D, and E will have two questions from the Unit I, II, III
and IV respectively of the syllabus and carry 15 marks. Candidates are required to attempt
one question each from Sections B, C, D, and E of the question paper. Each question of
Section B, C, D and E should be subdivided into at most two subparts.
Course Objectives

1. To help the students to solve Statistical problems using various measure of

centraltendency.
2. To enable the students to collect the data and present it diagrammatically.
3. To establish linear association between two variables by using Correlation.
4. To help the students to use regression to predict the behavior of dependent variable.
5. To use t, chi square, F and z tests to solve problems related to different types of data.

Course content

Unit – I

Binomial Theorem, Pascal rule and Pascal triangle. Scientific notation, significant digits,
rounding off. Scientific notation, Sampling, problem identification, designing of
experiment, factorial designs: full factorial design, fractional factorial design, concept of
population and sample, random sampling, Data collection.

Unit-II

Measures of central tendency, mean, arithmetic mean, geometric mean & harmonic mean,
medium, mode, quartile, deciles, percentile, dispersion, mean deviation, standard
deviation, geometric standard deviation, standard error, coefficient of variation, variance,
coefficient of determinant and coefficient of non-determinant, moments, distribution of
data, skewness and kurtosis.

Unit-III

Pearson’s correlation coefficient, linear correlation and regression, Effect of change of

origin and scale on correlation -coefficient, Angle between regression lines, exponential
[Link] function, log-function, Partial correlation.

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P.G Department of Biotechnology- syllabus 2023-25

Unit-IV

Probability, Addition and Multiplication law of Probability, Conditional Probability,

Probability distribution function, Poisson distribution function, binomial distribution, ,
standard normal distribution, Testing of hypothesis, Null and alternative hypothesis, Type-
I and Type-II errors, level of significance, two tailed and one tailed tests, Z-score, chi-
square (χ2 ) test, student „t‟ test, „F‟ test, student „t‟ distribution, chi square (χ 2 )
distribution, Analysisof variance, ANOVA-one way ANOVA and two way ANOVA.

Books Recommended

1) Kothari, C.R. (2004) Research Methodology Methods and Techniques, New Age
InternationalPublications, New Delhi

2) P.S.S. Sundar Rao, P.H. Richard, An Introduction to Biostatistics, Prentice Hall of

India (P.)Ltd. New Delhi 2003.

3) Jerrold H. Zar, Biostatistical Analysis, Tan Prints (I) Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2003.

Course Outcomes

CO-1 Student will learn to solve Statistical problems using various measure of central
tendency.
CO-2 It will enable the students to collect the data and present it diagrammatically.
CO-3 Students will learn to establish linear association between two variables by
usingCorrelation.
CO-4 Students will use regression to predict the behavior of dependent variable.
CO-5 Students will learn to use t, chi square, F and z tests to solve problems
related todifferent types of

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P.G Department of Biotechnology- syllabus 2023-25

M. Sc. Biotechnology (Semester-I)

BT-MBTL412
Cell Biology (Theory) L T
Credit Hours: 3+1=4
Maximum Marks: 100
Theory: 75
Time: 3 Hours Internal Assessment: 25

Instructions for paper setters and candidates

The question paper will consist of five sections: A, B, C, D, and E. Section A is
compulsory and will consist of 8 short-answer type questions, with each question carrying
2.5 marks. Candidates are required to attempt six questions from this Section. Sections B,
C, D, and E will have two questions from the sections A, B, C and D of the syllabus and
carry 15 marks. Candidates are required to attempt one question each from Sections B, C,
D, and E of the question paper.

Course Objectives
1. To recall the history of cytology, distinguish the structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cell, and to learn about principles and working of various kinds of microscopes.
2. To know the fundamentals of cell division, cell cycle and its regulation.
3. In-depth study of different pathways of cell signalling.
4. Understanding the communications of cells with other cells and to the environment.

Course content

SECTION -A

History of cell biology: Development of cell theory and First cell, Evolution of
metabolism Diversity of cell size and shape: General organization of prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells, Origin of cells: Assembly of macromolecules (proteins and nucleic
acid), mechanism ofassembly, evolutionary steps in the origin of cells (Chemical
evolution).
Cell biology techniques: Microscopy-light, phase-contrast, fluorescence, confocal,
transmission electron microscopy scanningelectron microscopy. stereo microscope
Use of radioisotopes, cell culture, fractionation of cells contents.
SECTION -B
Cell motility: Cilia, flagella of eukaryotes and prokaryotes, their molecular
mechanism Cell division and cell cycle: Mitosis and meiosis, their regulation,
steps in cell cycle, andcontrol of cell cycle.
Regulators of cell cycle progression: MPF, families of cyclins and cyclin dependent
kinases,Growth factors, cell cycle inhibitors.

SECTION -C
Cell signaling: Mechanism of signal transduction, Modes of cell signaling, steroid
hormone receptors, G-protein coupled receptors, second messengers, c- AMP pathway of
signal transduction ; c GMP, phospholipids and calcium ions , Ras, Raf , MAP kinase

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P.G Department of Biotechnology- syllabus 2023-25

pathway , JAK–STAT pathway, bacterial and plant two component systems, bacterial

chemotaxis and quorum sensing,

SECTION -D
Cellular communication: Extracellular matrix; Matrix structural proteins, Matrix
polysaccharides, Adhesion proteins, cell-matrix interactions. Adhesion junctions, Tight
junctions, Gap junctions
Protein Sorting and Transport : Targeting proteins to endoplasmic reticulum, Protein
export from ER; Protein sorting and export from Golgi Apparatus, Mechanism of vesicular
transport

Books Recommended
1) Smith, C.A. and Wood, E.J. (1993). Cell Biology: Molecular and Cell
[Link] & Hall, London.
2) Karp, G. (1999). Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments. John
Wiley& Sons Inc., New York.
3) Pollard, T.D. and Ernshaw, W.C. (2002). Cell Biology. Elsevier Science (USA)
4) Becker, W.M., Kleinsmith, L.J. and Hardin, J. (2000). The World of the
Cell. TheBenjamin/Cummings Publishing Company.
5) Cooper, G.M. (2000). The Cell – A Molecular Approach. ASM Press,
Washington,D.C.
6) Rastogi, S.C. (2005) Cell Biology, New Age International, pp. 532
7) Alberts, B., Bray, D., Hopkin, K., Johnson, A.D., Johnson, A., Lewis, J.,
Raff, M.,Roberts, K., Walter, P (2009) Essential Cell Biology, Garland Science,
pp 860

Course outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
CO-1. Understand the structureand purpose of basic components of prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells, especially macromolecules, membranes, and organelles. The
studentswill get familiarized with basic principles of working of Microscopy.
CO-2. Gain knowledge about the cellular components underlying mitotic and meiotic cell
division.
CO-3. Learnabout the phases of cell cycle and its regulation.
CO-4. Acquire knowledge about the mechanism of signal transduction, modes of cell
signalling and various pathways involved in cell signalling.
CO-5. Describe the mechanism of cellular communication, protein sorting and its transportation
across organelles.

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M. Sc. Biotechnology (Semester-I)

BT-MBTP412
Cell Biology lab
Credit Hours: 2
Maximum Marks: 50
Practical: 37
Time: 3 Hours Internal Assessment: 13

Course Objectives
1. Slide preparation and examination of different cell types under microscope.
2. To examine different stages of cell division.
3. Staining techniques employed for different cell organelles.
4. In-depth knowledge of centrifugation and chromatography.
Course content

1. Microscopic examination of bacteria, yeast and plant cell

2. Preparation of permanent slides of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell.
3. Study of different stages of mitosis and meiosis.
4. Staining and visualization of different cell organelles.
5. Instrumental methods for cell biology-centrifugation, chromatography.
6. Histochemical techniques.

Course outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
CO-1. Differentiate between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell
structure.
CO-2. Understand the structure and function of various cell
organelles.
CO-3. Get familiarized with different phases of mitosis and
meiosis.
[Link] different types of staining techniques employed in cell biology.
[Link] about various instrumental methods used in cell biology such as
centrifugation, chromatography and microscopy.

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P.G Department of Biotechnology- syllabus 2023-25

M. Sc. Biotechnology (Semester-I)

BT-MBTL413
Molecular Biology (Theory) L T
Credit Hours: 3+1=4
Maximum Marks: 100
Theory: 75
Time: 3 Hours Internal Assessment: 25

Instructions for paper setters and candidates

The question paper will consist of five sections: A, B, C, D, and E. Section A is
compulsory and will consist of 8 short-answer type questions, with each question carrying
2.5 marks. Candidates are required to attempt six questions from this Section. Sections B,
C, D, and E will have two questions from the sections A, B, C and D of the syllabus and
carry 15 marks. Candidates are required to attempt one question each from Sections B, C,
D, and E of the question paper.

Course Objectives
1. To understand heredity of life and basic makeup of genetic material.
2. To know the complete process of duplicating cells genetic material.
3. To understand how genotype is expressed in phenotype by learning the
process ofmRNA transcription and protein translation.
4. To understand the genes and their expression.

Course
content
Section-A
DNA: the vehicle of inheritance, DNA replication, Repair and Recombination:
Replication initiation, elongation and termination in prokaryotes & eukaryotes, enzymes
and accessory proteins involved in DNA replication, Fidelity; DNA repair-
photoreactivation, nucleotide andbase excision repair, mismatch repair, SOS response,
Introduction to mobile genetic elements, nucleic acid hybridization – cot curves.

Section-B
Prokaryotic transcription; transcription unit, promoters: constitutive and inducible,
initiation, termination- rho dependent and independent. Eukaryotic transcription,
promoters for RNA polymerase I, II and III, transcription factors, regulatory elements &
mechanism oftranscription regulation, post-transcriptional modifications: processing
of hnRNA, rRNA &tRNA; 5‟cap formation, 3‟-end processing, polyadenylation and
splicing.

Section-C
Genetic code, prokaryotic & eukaryotic translation, the translation machinery,
isoaccepting tRNA, wobble hypothesis, mechanism of initiation, elongation &
termination, ribosomerecycling factor, tm RNA, regulation of translation, co & post
translation modification of proteins and intracellular protein targeting import into
nucleus, mitochondria and peroxiome, non-ribosomal polypeptide synthesis, prions.
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Section-D
Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; (operon concept; lac, trp
and araoperons), RNA interference, Viral & cellular oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes
from humans, structure, function & mechanism of action of p53 tumor suppressor
proteins, Molecular mechanism of antisense molecules, ribozymes, applications of
antisense & ribozyme technologies.

Books Recommended
1. Rawn, J. D. (1989). Biochemistry, 2nd edition, Neil Patterson Publications, U. S. A. ,
NorthCarolina,
2. Damal, J., Lodish, H., and Baltimore, D. (1990). Molecular Cell Biology, 2 nd ed.,
ScientificAmerican Books, Distributed by W. H. Freeman and Co., New York.
3. Adams, R. L. P., Knowler, J. T., and Leader, D. P. (1992). The Biochemistry of
Nucleic acids, 11th ed., Champman and Hall, The New
York/London/Tokyo/Melbourne/Madras.
4. Stryer, L. (1995). Biochemistry, 4th ed., W. H. Freeman and Co., New York.
5. Nelson, D. L. & Cox, M. M. (2005). Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 4th ed.,
WorthPublishers, New York.
6. Watson J., Baker T., Bell S., Gann A, Levine M and Loscik R. (2008). Molecular
Biologyof the Gene. 6th Ed. Pearson Education.
7. Krebs J.E., Goldstein E.S. and Kilpatrick ST (2009), Lewin‟s Genes, Jones and
BartlettPublishers, U.K.
8. Michael R. Green, Joseph Sambrook (2012) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory
Manual(Fourth Edition): Three-volume set Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
9. James D. Watson, Tania A. Baker, Stephen P. Bell, Alexander Gann,
Michael Levine, Richard Losick (2013) Molecular Biology of the Gene (7th Edition)
Benjamin Cummings, Publishers.

Course outcomes
Upon completion of the unit the student shall be able to understand:
CO-1 Structure of DNA, DNA as genetic material and complete process of replication,
transposition and recombination in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
CO-2 Molecular Events of Transcription and processing of transcripts, RNA editing.
CO-3 Understanding the regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes using operon
concept andEukaryotes.
CO-4 Molecular Events of Translation leading to protein synthesis and Post translational
modification.

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M. Sc. Biotechnology (Semester-I)

BT-MBTP413
Molecular Biology lab
Credit Hours: 2
Maximum Marks: 50
Practical: 37
Time: 3 Hours Internal Assessment: 13
Course Objectives
1. To learn the preparation of reagents and buffers used in rDNA Technology.
2. To acquire the knowledge of basic chemicals involved, their applications and
stepsinvolved in the isolation of DNA from prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
3. To perform quantification and separation of isolated DNA.
4. To understand the concept of Restriction Digestion and DNA ligation by performing it.

Course content
1. Isolation of genomic DNA from plant tissues.
2. Isolation of genomic DNA from E. coli cells.
3. Spectrophotometric analysis of DNA.
4. Restriction digestion of DNA.
5. Separation of digested fragments by agarose gel electrophoresis.
6. Transfer of resolved DNA fragments from agarose gel to nylon/nitrocellulose membrane.
7. Hybridization of nylon/nitrocellulose blots.

Books Recommended

1. Practical handbook of biochemistry and molecular biology (1989) by Gerald D.

Fasman(CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group).
2. Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual (2000) by J. Sambrook, E.F. Fritish
and [Link] (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York).
3. Michael R. Green, Joseph Sambrook (2012) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory
Manual(Fourth Edition): Three-volume set Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,
New York.

Course outcomes
CO-1. Students practically learn technique DNA isolation ( bacterial and plant
sample) andagarose gel electrophoresis
CO-2. Students practices various technique in recombinant DNA technology like restriction
digestion and quantification of DNA.
CO-3. Students get idea about transformation in bacterial cells and screening of transformants.
CO-4. Students will get hand-on training in performing Southern Blotting.

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M. Sc. Biotechnology (Semester-I)

BT-MBTL414
Biochemistry (Theory)
L T
Credit Hours: 3+1=4
Maximum Marks: 100
Theory: 75
Time: 3 Hours Internal Assessment: 25
Instructions for paper setters and candidates
The question paper will consist of five sections: A, B, C, D, and E. Section A is
compulsory and will consist of 8 short-answer type questions, with each question carrying
2.5 marks. Candidates are required to attempt six questions from this Section. Sections B,
C, D, and E will have two questions from the sections A, B, C and D of the syllabus and
carry 15 marks. Candidates are required to attempt one question each from Sections B, C,
D, and E of the question paper.
Course Objectives
1. To analyse, appreciate, understand the basic concepts of chemical reactions that occur
in living systems, which enable them to understand the various perspectives of applied
sciences that benefit the mankind.
2. To understand the concept of Biochemistry regarding Biomolecules Carbohydrates,
proteins, lipids, Nucleic acids.
3. Have knowledge of intermediary metabolism of the above & regulation of individual
metabolism.
4. To inculcate the .overview of metabolite pathways: Glycolysis, citric acid cycle,
oxidative phosphorylation, pentose phosphate pathway and gluconeogenesis and their
regulation; photosynthesis
Course content
SECTION –A
Carbohydrates: Classification, characteristics and functions of monosaccharides,
disaccharides- polysaccharides. Epimers, isomers, anomers, chiral carbon atom, chair and
boatform, glucopyranose and fructopyranose.
SECTION –B
Amino acids & peptides: Classification, chemical reactions and physical properties.
titration curve of amino acid, concept of zwitter ionic structure.
Proteins: Classification of proteins. Primary, Secondary (Alpha helix and beta pleated
structure), Tertiary and Quaternary structures of proteins. Disulphide bridges,
Ramachandran plot. Domains and motifs, Role of weak forces in biology, Forces
stabilizing protein structure and shape.
SECTION –C
Lipids: Definition and classification of lipids. Fatty acids- General formula, nomenclature
and chemical properties structure, function and properties of simple, complex,
acylglycerols, phosphoglycerides, sphingolipids, waxes, terpenes, steroids and
prostaglandins.
Beta oxidation - Pathway and regulation. Role of acyl carnitine in fatty acyl transport.
Synthesis of fatty acid - Structure and composition of fatty acid synthetase complex,
pathway and regulation. synthesis of triacyl glycerides. Ketone bodies - Formation and
utilization.

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SECTION –D
Nucleic Acids: Structure of nucleoside, nucleotide. De novo and salvage pathways of
nucleotide synthesis. Experimental evidence for nucleic acids as genetic material.
Secondary structure of DNA, Watson and Crick model of DNA. A, B and Z forms of
DNA, Tm and itsrelation to GC content.
Overview of metabolite pathways: Glycolysis, citric acid cycle, oxidative
phosphorylation,pentose phosphate pathway and gluconeogenesis and their regulation;
photosynthesis.

Books Recommended
1. Stryer, L. (2012). Biochemistry: 7th Edition, W.H. Freeman and Company, New York
2. Lehninger, A.L., Nelson, D.L. and Lox, M.M. (2012). Principles of Biochemistry 6th Ed.,
W.H. Freeman and Company, New York
3. Moran, Horton, Scrimgeour & Perry (2011)Principles of Biochemistry, Prentice Hall.
4. Zubay, G.L., Parson. W.W. and Vance, D.E. (1995). Principles of Biochemistry:
StudentStudy Art Notebook, Wm. C. Brown Publishers.
5. Rawn, J.D. (1989). Biochemistry, Neil Patterson Publishers.
6. Bucke C., (1999)), Carbohydrate Biotechnology Protocols, Humara Press.

Course outcomes

[Link] students will have a detailed understanding on the bio-molecules of life,

theirstructure and function
CO-2. Students will be acquainted with the knowledge of structures, function, and
interactionsof proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids
CO-3. Students will be aware of basic biosynthetic and catabolic pathways for
Carbohydrate,Lipid, Amino Acids and Nucleotide metabolism.

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M. Sc. Biotechnology (Semester-I)

BT-MBTP414
Biochemistry lab
Credit Hours: 2
Maximum Marks: 50
Practical: 37
Time: 3 Hours Internal Assessment: 13
Course Objectives
1. To learn the Theory & Application of Buffers & pH.
2. To prepare various buffers: Phosphate buffer and Tris buffer for conductingexperiment.
3. To learn the protocol of quantitation of sugars: Anthrone method and Bradfordmethod.
4. To learn protein estimation by Lowry‟s method.
5. To determine the saponification and acid value of fat, Iodine number of fat &Separation of
amino acids by TLC.

Course content
1. Theory & Application of Buffers & pH
2. Preparation of buffers: Phosphate buffer and Tris buffer
3. Quantitation of sugars: Anthrone method and Bradford method
4. Protein estimation: Lowry‟s method
5. Determination of saponification and acid value of fat.
6. Determination of Iodine number of fat.
7. Separation of amino acids by TLC.

Books Recommended
1. Singh, S.P. (2006) Practical manual of Biochemistry. 6th Edition, CBS publication.
2. Sawhney, S.K. and Randhir Singh (2001). Introductory Practical Biochemistry.
NarosaPublishing House, New Delhi.
3. Plummer D.T. (1998). An Introduction of Practical Biochemistry, 3 rd
Ed. TataMcGraw Hill Publishers Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
Bansal, D.D., Khardori, R. & Gupta, M.M. (1985). Practical Biochemistry.
StandardPublication, Chandigarh.
Course outcomes

CO-1. Have knowledge regarding the preparation of various buffers: Phosphate

buffer andTris buffer for conducting experiment.
CO-2. Develop skills of performing quantitation of sugars: Anthrone method and
Bradfordmethod.
CO-3. Possess the knowledge protein estimation by Lowry‟s method.
CO-4. Understand the process of saponification and acid value of fat, Iodine number of
fat &Separation of amino acids by TLC.

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M. Sc. Biotechnology (Semester-I)

BT-MBTL415
General Microbiology, Microbial Physiology & Biotechnology (Theory)
L T
Credit Hours: 3+1=4
Maximum Marks: 100
Theory: 75
Time: 3 Hours Internal Assessment: 25

Instructions for paper setters and candidates

The question paper will consist of five sections: A, B, C, D, and E. Section A is
compulsory and will consist of 8 short-answer type questions, with each question carrying
2.5 marks. Candidates are required to attempt six questions from this Section. Sections B,
C, D, and E will have two questions from the sections A, B, C and D of the syllabus and
carry 15 marks. Candidates are required to attempt one question each from Sections B, C,
D, and E of the question paper.
Course Objectives
1. To give students insights about the principles and application of microscopy.
2. To make students aware about the concepts of pure culture techniques,
sterilizationtechniques.
3. Students will learn about the prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells in detail at
structural and molecular level. They will also learn about their growth curve
patterns.
4. To give students detailed concept about bacterial classification and
genetics,mechanisms of drug-resistance.
5. Students will also study about viral biology details pertaining to their
characteristics, classification and life cycle.
Course content
Section – A
Principles of Microbiology: Principles and applications of bright field, dark field, phase
contrast, fluorescence and scanning tunnelling microscopy, electron microscopy (SEM
and TEM).
Methods in Microbiology; pure culture techniques, theory and practice of sterilization,
principles of microbial nutrition, microbial culture media, enrichment culture techniques,
culture collection, culture purification and preservation methods.
Section-B
Prokaryotic cells: Organelle of microbes and their structure and functions. Cell wall types
of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, capsules, Pili, Fimbriae, flagella.
Classification of microorganisms based on their nutritional requirements. Sporulation and
regeneration in bacteria. Brief comparison of archaea and eubacteria.
Section – C
Microbial Growth: Definition of growth, mathematical expression of growth, growth
curve, diauxic and synchronous growth, effect of temperature, pH (acidity, basicity),
oxygen and water availability on growth.
Virology: General characteristics , classicfication, ultrastructure of virus, viroids.
Methods of isolation and purification of virus (T4,Mu, X174, M13 only). Lytic and
lysogenic life cycles ofvirus.
Section- D
Bacterial Genetics: Recombination in bacteria, transformation, transduction,
conjugation,plasmids; drug resistance in bacteria, transposons.
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Bacterial classification: Bacterial classification according to Bergey‟s manual, 16S

rRNA, %GC ratio, DNA-DNA homology, fatty acid analysis methods of classification.

Books Recommended
1. Damal. J, Lodish, H. and Baltimore, D. (2007). Molecular Cell Biology, 6th edition,
Scientific American Books, Distributed by W.H. Freeman and Co., New York.
2. Lewin, B. (2007). Gene IX, 9th edition, Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
3. Lehninger, Nelson, D. L. & Cox, M. M. (2005). Lehninger Principles of
Biochemistry, 4thed., Worth Publishers, New York.
4. Freifelder, D. (2000). Microbial Genetics, Narosa Publishing House.
5. Watson,J.D., Baker,T.A, Bell,S.P., Gann,A., Levine,M., Losick,R. (2004).
Molecularbiology of the gene (5th Ed.). Pearson Education (Singapore) Pvt. Ltd.
6. Chander,M, Puri, P. (2008). A Concise course in Microbiology. Krishna Publishing
[Link]. Ltd.
7. Presscott, L.M., Harley, J.P. and Klein,D.A. (2011). Microbiology (6th Edition).
McGrawHill Inc.
8. Ronald, A.M. (1995). Principles of Microbiology. Mosby Year Book Inc. Missouri.
9. Pelczar, M.J., Chan, E.C.S., Kreig, N.R. (2010). Microbiology: Concepts and
[Link] Hill, NY.
10. Tortora, G.J., Funke, B.R., Case, C.L. (2012). Microbiology an Introduction (11 th
edition),Benzamin Cummins.

Course outcomes
At the end of the course
CO-1 Students will have detailed insights about the principles, working and
application ofdifferent microscopes in microbiology.
CO-2 Students will be able to distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells based on
morphological features and other key differences.
CO-3 Students will have knowledge about bacterial classification and concepts about
bacterial replication.
CO-4 Students will be understand Virus life cycle, prokaryotic cells and their growth
curvepatterns.

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M. Sc. Biotechnology (Semester-I)

BT-MBTP415
General Microbiology, Microbial Physiology & Biotechnology lab
Credit Hours: 2
Maximum Marks: 50
Practical: 37
Time: 3 Hours Internal Assessment: 13
Course Objectives

1. Students will learn to handle lab equipments and microscopes.

2. To provide students hands-on training to perform serial dilutions of bacterial
samples andcalculate CFU.
3. Students will perform bacterial and fungal DNA isolation and perform spectro-
photometricanalysis.
4. Students will perform the MIC test for antibiotic sensitivity of a bacterial strain
against aspecific antibiotic
5. Students will learn to test microbiological quality of potable water by MPN/MTFT method.
6. Students will learn to perform bacterial staining methods.
Course content
1. To study the morphology and structural characteristics of different bacteria and fungi
using lightmicroscope.
2. To perform serial dilution of the soil sample to isolate bacterial and fungal CFU.
3. To perform the Gram staining of given bacterial samples isolated in above experiment.
4. To evaluate the microbiological quality of potable water by MPN/MTFT method.
5. To isolate bacterial or fungal DNA and purify it by gel electrophoresis.
6. To test for the antibiotic sensitivity of the bacterial sample.
7. To perform the MIC test for antibiotic sensitivity of a bacterial strain against a specific antibiotic.
8. Preservation/cryopreservation of a microbial strain.

Books Recommended
1. Claus, W.G. and Claus, G.W. (1991). Understanding microbes: Laboratory Text
Book forMicrobiology, W.H. Freeman Company.
2. Benson, H.J. (1994). Microbiological Applications, 6th ed., Win, C. Brown
Publishers,England.
3. Cappucino, J.G. (1999). Microbiology-A laboratory manual, 4th ed., Harlow,
Addition-Wesley.
Course outcome
At the end of the course
CO-1. Students will be able to handle microscopes and be able to work on
microorganisms.
CO-2 By performing serial dilutions of bacterial samples, students will learn the
techniques ofobtaining pure cultures in lab and practice sterilization techniques.
CO-3 Students will accomplish the testing of microbiological quality of potable water.
CO-4 Students will be able to perform antibiotic sensitivity of a bacterial strain using
antibiotic discs.
CO-5 Students will be able to distinguish [Link]. bacterial strains using staining techniques.

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M. Sc. Biotechnology (Semester-II)

BT-MBTL421
Environmental Biotechnology L T
Credit Hours: 3+1=4
Maximum Marks: 100
Theory: 75
Time: 3 Hours Internal Assessment: 25
Instructions for paper setters and candidates
The question paper will consist of five sections: A, B, C, D, and E. Section A is
compulsory and will consist of 8 short-answer type questions, with each question carrying
2.5 marks. Candidates are required to attempt six questions from this Section. Sections B,
C, D, and E will have two questions from the sections A, B, C and D of the syllabus and
carry 15 marks. Candidates are required to attempt one question each from Sections B, C,
D, and E of the question paper.

Course Objectives
1. To correlate the knowledge of fundamental Science‟s to explore types,, sources and
impactof various types of pollution.
2. To make the pupils aware of the viral, fungal, bacterial and general disease.
3. The students made to learn all the techniques of analysing waste and use/study various
techniques availed for treatment of these diseases?
4. The theoretical knowledge along with the practical work further strengthened by use
and application of ultra-modern instrumentation in world class labs to give first hand
practical knowledge of Environmental Biotechnology / Microbiology.
5. The students will be given knowledge about industrial, medical, municipal
environmental pollution and use of physical, chemical and microbiological tools to
treat that waste.
Course content
SECTION –A
Environmental Pollution and management: Types of pollution including electronic
pollution, methods for the measurement of pollution, Air pollution and its control through
Biotechnology; sources of water pollution, waste water treatment: physical, chemical and
biological treatment processes. Microbiology of waste water treatments, aerobic and
anaerobicprocess. Thin film techniques for waste water treatment using aquatic plants.
Role of nanotechnology in environmental pollution control.
SECTION –B
Solid waste management with vermicomposting: Organic waste processing,
composting, anaerobic digestion, vermiculture and vermicomposting, essential
precautionary steps invermicomposting, vermiculturing, vermiwash, overall benefits,
economics and marketing.
Biomass production and Biofuels: Introduction, plant biomass, sources of biomass,
forest biomass, crop residues (cereals, leguminous crops, sugar cane etc.) aquatic biomass,
wastes as a source of energy, composition of plant biomass (cellulose, hemicellulose and

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lignins),biomass conversion, biological and non- biological processes, useful products

biomass (ethyl alcohol, methanol, methane), Application and future prospects, Recent
trends in biofuelresearch.
SECTION –C
Biological nitrogen fixation and biofertilizer:The range of nitrogen fixing organisms,
biochemistry of nitrogenase, genetics of nitrogen fixation, regulation of nif gene
expression, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, genetic analysis of Rhizobium bacteria,
regulation of nod gene expression, transfer of nif genes from Klebsiella pneumoniae to
other organisms, applicationand future prospects. green manuring, the blue green algae,
algalization,Azolla, present statusand improvements.
SECTION –D
Bioremediation: Types of bioremediation, use of fungi, algae and bacteria in
biosorption, ecological considerations, biodegradation of oil spills, surfactants, TNT
wastes, dye stuff wastes, insecticides, herbicides, antibiotics. plastic menace,
biodegradable plastics, volatiletoxic gases and biofiltration.

Books Recommended
1. Manahan, S. E. (2000), Environmental Science and Technology, Lewis Publishers,
NewYork.
2. Anderson, D. & Conning, D.M. (1984). Experimental Toxicology, Royal Society of
Chemistry.
3. Abbasi, S.A., and Ramasami, E. (1999). Biotechnological Methods of Pollution
[Link] Press, Hyderabad.
4. Alexander, M.(1999). Biodegradation and Bioremediation. Acadamic Press, San Diego.
5. David, T.G. (1984). Microbial Degradation of Organic Compounds, Marcel
Dekkar Inc.,New York.
6. Omenn, G.E. (1987). Environmental Biotechnology, Plenum Press, New York.
7. Rittmann, D.E., McCarty, P.L. (2001). Environmental Biotechnology: Principles
andApplications. McGraw Hill, New York.
Course outcome
CO-1. Students will learn about management of waste water environmental pollution,
solid waste with vermicomposting.
CO-2. Students will learn about applications of Biomass production, mechanisms of
nitrogen fixation and applications of Biofuels, Bioremediation.
CO-3. Students will be able to determine the quality of portable water, perform
BOD/COD, study techniques of vermicomposting, Bioremediation and
enrichment culture technique.
CO-4. Students will be able to compare and use various types of bioremediation
technologies to treat different types of pollutants.

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M. Sc. Biotechnology (Semester-II)

BT-MBTP421
Environmental Biotechnology lab
Credit Hours: 2
Maximum Marks: 50
Practical: 37
Time: 3 Hours Internal Assessment: 13
Course Objectives
1. To correlate the theoretical knowledge of Environmental Biotechnology to
experimentvarious ideas and protocols for treatment of various types of pollution.
2. To make the pupils aware of diagnostic environmental engineering.
3. The students made to learn all the techniques of analysing waste and use/study various
techniques availed for treatment of these wastes.
4. The practical work by applying experimentation like BOD, COD, Bioreactor studies,
Vermicomposting in world class labs to give first hand practical knowledge of
Environmental Biotechnology.
5. The students will be given knowledge about industrial, medical, municipal
environmental pollution and use of physical, chemical and microbiological tools to
treat that waste.
Course content
1. Determination of potable water quality in terms of coliforms, Enterobacter,
Shigella,Salmonella qualitative assay.
2. Determination of BOD of given water/wastewater sample.

3. Determination of COD of given water/wastewater sample.

4. Isolation of Rhizobium from root nodule and mass cultivation.
5. Study the technique of vermicomposting.
6. Bioremediation of dyes using different fungi strains from soil.
7. Isolation of xenobiotic degrading microbes by enrichment culture technique.

Course Outcome
CO-1 Students will practically learn waste management and remediation.
CO-2. Students will learn about applications of Biomass production, mechanisms of nitrogen
fixation and applications of Biofuels.
CO-3. Students will be able to determine the quality of portable water, perform BOD/COD, study
techniques of vermicomposting,
CO-4. Students will be able to compare and use various types of bioremediation technologies to
treat different types of pollutants.
CO–5. The students are perfectly ready for jobs of Environmental Biotechnologists in Pollution
Control Boards, Effluent Treatment Plants, Municipal Solid Waste disposal Plants etc.
CO-6. The students may become an entrepreneur in field of Environmental Pollution Control
Consultant, owning of Bio-compost manufacturing unit or vermi-compost production industry.

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M. Sc. Biotechnology (Semester-II)

BT-MBTL422
Enzymology and Enzyme Technology (Theory) L T
Credit Hours: 3+1=4
Maximum Marks: 100
Theory: 75
Time: 3 Hours Internal Assessment: 25
Instructions for paper setters and candidates
The question paper will consist of five sections: A, B, C, D, and E. Section A is
compulsory and will consist of 8 short-answer type questions, with each question carrying
2.5 marks. Candidates are required to attempt six questions from this Section. Sections B,
C, D, and E will have two questions from the sections A, B, C and D of the syllabus and
carry 15 marks. Candidates are required to attempt one question each from Sections B, C,
D, and E of the question paper.
Course Objectives
Course contents are designed to enable students to learn:
1. Understand Classification, nomenclature of enzymes, coenzymes, energetics
andtheories of enzyme catalysis along with extraction from natural sources.
2. Learn the mathematical kinetics of enzymatic conversions, various
inhibitory mechanisms
3. Brief account of Mechanisms of enzyme action, activity regulation,
isoenzymes,ribozymes.
4. Knowledge about enzymes immobilization techniques, Allosteric, product
inhibition,Lipid-protein interactions in membrane bound enzymes.
Course content
SECTION -A
Classification and nomenclature of enzymes, enzyme properties and denaturation; Energetics of enzyme
catalyzed reactions, transition state; Mechanism of enzyme action; Regulation of enzyme activity;
Isoenzymes, co-factors and co-enzyme, Concept of active centre, binding sites, stereospecificity and ES
complex formation, activation energy and transition state theory. Effect of temperature, pH and substrate
concentration on reaction rate. Extraction, and purification of enzymes.
SECTION -B
Basic aspects of Enzyme Kinetics: Pre-steady state kinetics. Michaelis-Menten, Line Weaver- Burke,
Eadie-Hofstee and Hanes-Woolf equations and Km value.
Enzyme inhibitors: Types of inhibitors–Reversible and irreversible, their mode of [Link]
activity, international units, Standard enzyme unit, Katal, specific activity, turnover number.
SECTION -C
Regulation of enzyme activity and concentration: Brief account of enzyme induction and repression,
covalent modification, isoenzymes and allostery, ribozymes and abzyme.
Enzyme specificity, Enzyme substrate complex. Nueleophilic and electrophilic attack. Role of metal ions
in enzyme catalysis. Mechanism of enzyme action: Lysozyme, Chymotrypsin, zymogens and enzyme
activation
SECTION -D
Enzymes extraction (chemical and physical methods) and purification (Ammonium Sulphate
fractionation and dialysis, Gel filtration chromatography). Allosteric interactions and product inhibition.
Membrane bound Enzymes- Lipid-protein interaction and Effect of fluidity on enzyme activity.
Immobilization of Enzymes: Techniques of immobilization(Entrapment, Binding and Cross linking of
enzyme), Properties and applications of immobilized enzymes.

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Books Recommended
1) Principles of Biochemistry, AL. Lehninger, D.L. Nelson and M. M. Cox. 1993.

WorthPublishers, New York.

2) Palmer, T. (2001). Enzymes. Horwood Publishing, Chichester
3) Methods in enzymology Vol.185 (1990) Gene Expression technology edited by D.V.
Goeddel (Academic Press Inc. San Diego).
4) Enzymes: biochemistry, biotechnology and clinical chemistry (2001) by Trevor
Palmer (Horwood).
5) Fundamentals of enzymology: The cell and molecular biology of catalytic proteins
(2003) by Nicholas C. Price, Lewis Stevens, Lewis Stevens published (Oxford
University Press, USA).
6) Principles and reactions of protein extraction, purification, and characterization
(2004)edited by Hafiz Ahmed PhD (CRC, Taylor Francis Group).
7) Shultz, A.R. (1994). Enzyme Kinetics, Cambridge Press.
8) Trevor, P. (1995). Understanding Enzymes, 4th ed. Prentice Hall/Ellis Horwood, England.
9) Engel, P.C. (1996). Enzymology Labfax, Bios Scientific Publisher, Academic Press, U.K.
10) Price, N.C. and Strevens, L. (1999). Fundamentals of Enzymology, 3rd ed., Oxford
University Press.
11) Bisswanger, H. (2013) Practical Enzymology, Willey BlackWell

Course Outcome:
Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
1. Learn about international Classification and nomenclature along with
concepts,mechanisms involved in catalysis and extraction, purification
techniques of enzymes.
2. Learn different mathematical models involved in enzymatic reaction kinetics
alongwith different types of inhibitors.
3. Deeply understand the regulatory mechanisms including induction, repression,
covalent modification, along with different types of catalysis as well.
4. Acquire apprehension about Membrane bound Enzymes, immobilization
techniquesand industrial applications

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M. Sc. Biotechnology (Semester-II)

BT-MBTP422
Enzymology and Enzyme Technology lab
Credit Hours: 2
Maximum Marks: 50
Practical: 37
Time: 3 Hours Internal Assessment: 13
Course objectives
Course contents are designed to enable students to
1. Understand the location of enzyme with in the cell and procedures for its
removal.
2. Know inside out of parameters affecting enzymatic reactions.
3. Acquire skills in performing enzymatic investigations.
4. Learn how enzymes are fixed to solid supports for their repeated use in
reactionmixture.
Course content
1. Enzymatic assay for alpha-amylase
2. Effect of pH on enzyme activity.
3. Effect of temperature on enzyme activity.
4. The effect of enzyme concentration on the rate of enzyme catalyzed reaction.
5. Effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity and demonstration of the
Km andVmax of the reaction.
6. Immobilization of enzymes.

Course outcome
CO-1. Students learn aboutthe extraction of enzyme from natural source along with its
further purification in the laboratory by salt fractionation and dialysis techniques.
CO-2. Students learn about the effect of proton or hydroxyl concentrationon theenzymatic
activityleading to determination pH optima of an enzyme.
CO-3. Laboratory outcome includes learning of effect of temperature on theenzymatic
activityleading to determination temperature optima of a particular enzyme.
CO-2. Students learn about the effect of increasing enzyme concentrationon therate of
enzymecatalysed reaction.
CO-4. Students learn about the dependence of reaction rates of enzyme catalysed reaction
on thesubstrate concentrationand further estimation of Michalis constant Km and
by estimating the maximum velocity of the reaction.
CO-5. Students learnthe technique to immobilise the enzyme for repeated use in reaction
mixture

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M. Sc. Biotechnology (Semester-II)

BT-MBTL423 L T
Biophysical and Biochemical Techniques (Theory)
Credit Hours: 3+1=4
Maximum Marks: 100
Theory: 75
Time: 3 Hours Internal Assessment: 25

Instructions for paper setters and candidates

The question paper will consist of five sections: A, B, C, D, and E. Section A is
compulsory and will consist of 8 short-answer type questions, with each question carrying
2.5 marks. Candidates are required to attempt six questions from this Section. Sections B,
C, D, and E will have two questions from the sections A, B, C and D of the syllabus and
carry 15 marks. Candidates are required to attempt one question each from Sections B, C,
D, and E of the question paper.

Course objectives
1. To make students aware of principle, theory and applications of microscopic,
chromatographic, spectroscopic, radio isotopic and electrophoretic techniques.
2. Students will learn about radio isotopes and radiolabeling techniques.
3. Studies will learn about qualitative and quantitative determination of biomolecules in
different samples using different techniques
Course content
SECTION –A
Principles and application of light, phase contrast, fluorescence scanning and transmission
electron microscopy, cytophotometry and flow cytometry, fixation and staining.
Centrifugation: Types of centrifuges and centrifugation, rotors and applications,
ultracentrifuge-Analytical and preparative.

SECTION –B
Principles and techniques of nucleic acid: hybridisation and Cot curves; Sequencing of
proteins and nucleic acids; Southern, Northern and South Western blotting techniques;
Polymerase chain reaction. Principles and applications of gel filteration, ion-exchange and
affinity chromatography, thin layer and gas chromatography, high pressure liquid (HPLC)
chromatography
SECTION –C
Principles of biophysical methods used for analysis of biopolymeric structure, X-ray
diffraction fluorescence UV/CD, visible NMR and ESR spectroscopy, hydrodynamic
methods,Atomic absorption and plasma emission spectroscopy. Theory and application of
Polyacrylamide and Agarose gel electrophoresis; Capillary electrophoresis; 2D
Electrophoresis; Disc gel electrophoresis; Gradient electrophoresis; Pulsed field gel
electrophoresis
SECTION –D
Radioactive & stable isotopes; Pattern and rate of radioactive decay; Units of radioactivity;
Measurement of radioactivity; Geiger-Muller counter; Solid & Liquid scintillation
counters (Basic principle, instrumentation & technique); Brief idea of radiation
dosimetry; Cerenkov radiation; Autoradiography; Measurement of stable i

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sotopes; Falling drop method;Applications of isotopes in biochemistry; Radiotracer

techniques

Books Recommended
1) Wilson K. and Walker J. (Eds.) (1995). Practical Biochemistry : Principles and
Techniques, Cambridge University Press, U.K.
2) Riley, T. and Tomilson, C. (1987). Principles of Electroanalytical Methods.
JohnWiley and Sons Ltd. , Chichester, England.
3) Sheehan, D. (2000). Physical Biochemistry: Principles and Applications, John
Wileyand Sons Ltd. , Chichester, England.
4) Cooper, T.G (1977). The Tools of Biochemistry, John Wiley & Sons, N.Y.
5) Freifelder, D. (1982). Physical Biochemistry. Applications to Biochemistry
&Molecular Biology, W.H. Freeman & Co.
6) Sadasivam, S. and Manickam, A. (1992). Biochemical Methods for
AgriculturalSciences, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi.
7) Sawhney, S.K. and Singh, R. (2001). Introductory Practical Biochemistry.
[Link], New Delhi.
8) Plummer, D.T. (1990). An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry 3 rd ed. Tata
McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
9) Rana, S.V.S (2008) Bio-Techniques, Rastogi publications

Course outcome

CO-1 The course will help students to learn the basic instrumentation, principle and
procedure of various sophisticated instruments like electron microscope,
fluorescence microscope, UV-VIS spectrophotometer, gas chromatography, NMR
and ESR spectroscopy.
CO-2 The students will get theoretical knowledge of various instruments and their
practical applications like Geiger-Muller counter, liquid scintillation counter,
autoradiography andX-ray crystallography
CO-3 The students will learn about centrifugation, electrophoresis, polymerase chain
reaction and blotting techniques.
CO-4 This course will enable the students to implement these techniques in biological
research and in discovering new products/compoun

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M. Sc. Biotechnology (Semester-II)

BT-MBTP423
Biophysical and Biochemical Techniques lab
Credit Hours: 2
Maximum Marks: 50
Practical: 37
Time: 3 Hours Internal Assessment: 13
Course Objectives
1. Students will learn about the principle and methodology for the isolation of
DNA andprotein from biological samples
2. Students will learn to estimate DNA and protein by gel
electrophoresis andspectrophotometric methods
3. Students will learn the preparation of protein standard curve
4. Students will perform chromatographic techniques viz Ion exchange,
affinity chromatography, thin layer chromatography and gel permeation
chromatography.

Course content

1. Isolation of DNA and protein from biological samples.

2. Estimation of DNA and protein by Spectrophotometer
3. Preparation of standard curve of protein by Bradford method.
4. Electrophoresis of proteins-Native and denaturing PAGE.
5. Ion exchange chromatography of proteins.
6. Affinity chromatography of proteins
7. Thin layer chromatography of biomolecules.
8. Gel permeation chromatography

Course Outcome
CO-1The students will be able to isolate and estimate DNA and proteinfrom biological
samples.
CO-2 The students will be able to separate sample components using TLC, ion
exchange,affinity and gel permeationchromatography.
CO-3 The students will be able to separate proteins usingelectrophoresis (Native and
SDS-PAGE)

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M. Sc. Biotechnology (Semester-II)

BT-MBTL424
Genetic Engineering (Theory)
L T
Credit Hours: 3+1=4
Maximum Marks: 100
Theory: 75
Time: 3 Hours Internal Assessment: 25
Instructions for paper setters and candidates
The question paper will consist of five sections: A, B, C, D, and E. Section A is
compulsory and will consist of 8 short-answer type questions, with each question carrying
2.5 marks. Candidates are required to attempt six questions from this Section. Sections B,
C, D, and E will have two questions from the sections A, B, C and D of the syllabus and
carry 15 marks. Candidates are required to attempt one question each from Sections B, C,
D, and E of the question paper.

Course Objectives
1. The aim of this core-course is to acquaint the students to versatile tools and
techniques employed in genetic engineering.
2. This course provides theoretical bases to properties and applications of versatile
DNA modifying enzymes, cloning strategies, vector types, host genotype
specificities for selection and screening of recombinants and/or recombinant
transformants.
3. Students will also be introduced to prominent nucleic acid labeling techniques.
Introduction to various types of vectors viz. cloning, transformation, expression;
and also vectors for genomic and cDNA library and whole genome sequencing
will be provided.
4. A critical appraisal of methods for Polymerase Chain reaction and site-directed
mutagenesis and sequencing of cloned genomic fragments will also be covered.

Course content
Section-A
Restriction Enzymes; DNA ligase, Klenow enzyme, T4 DNA polymerase,
Polynucleotidekinase, Alkaline phosphatase; Cohesive and blunt end ligation; Labeling of
DNA: Nick translation, Random priming, Radioactive and non-radioactive probes
(digoxigenin andbiotin), Cloning vectors: Plasmids, M13, phagemids, insertion and
replacement lambda vectors
Section-B
Cloning vectors: Cosmids, Artificial chromosome vectors (YACs; BACs); yeast vectors,
Expression vectors: principle of recombinant protein expression as His- and GST-tags by
cloningin pET and pGEX; Expression strategies for heterologous genes: codon
optimization, Hosts: expression in bacteria and yeast, Inclusion bodies; Methodologies to
reduce formation ofinclusion bodies, siRNA technology, Gene Editing (CRISPR-Cas)

Section-C
Linkers; Adaptors; Homopolymeric tailing, strategies for making cDNA libraries; Colony
Hybridization, Transformation; Northern and Southern, hybridization, cloning
differentially expressed genes(mRNA differential display and subtractive cloning). DNA-
Protein Interactions (Electromobility shift assay)
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Section-D
PCR and Its Applications: Primer design; DNA polymerases (Taq & Pfu); Types of PCR
– multiplex, nested, reversetranscriptase, real time PCR, touchdown PCR, hot start PCR,
colony PCR, cloning of PCRproducts, Site specific mutagenesis by PCR, Splice Overlap
Extension (SOE)- PCR

Books Recommended:

1. S.B. Primrose, R.M. Twyman and [Link]; Principles of Gene Manipulation. 6th
Edition,[Link] Press, 2001.
2. J. Sambrook and D.W. Russel; Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Vols 1-3,
CSHL,2001.
3. Brown TA, Genomes, 3rd ed. Garland Science 2006
4. Selected papers from scientific journals.

Course outcome
CO-1. Students practically learn technique DNA isolation (bacterial and plant sample) and
agarosegel electrophoresis
CO-2. Students practices various technique in recombinant DNA technology like restriction
digestion and quantification of DNA.
CO-3. Students get idea about transformation in bacterial cells and screening of transformants.
CO-4. Students will get hand-on training in performing Southern Blotting.

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M. Sc. Biotechnology (Semester-II)

BT-MBTP424
Genetic Engineering lab
Credit Hours: 2
Maximum Marks: 50
Practical: 37
Time: 3 Hours Internal Assessment: 13
Course Objectives
1. To learn problems encountered and their troubleshoot during isolation of
plasmidDNA.
2. To cut plasmid with enzymes so as to incorporate foreign DNA in the vector.
3. To carry out DNA transformation in the bacteria and identify the transormants.
4. To perform southern blotting to identify DNA fragment of interest.

Course content
1. Isolation of plasmid DNA from E. coli cells
2. Qualitative analysis of plasmid DNA
3. Quantitative analysis of plasmid DNA
4. Making competent cells of [Link].
5. Transformation of competent [Link] cells.
6. Ligation of DNA with T4 DNA ligase
7. Isolation of total RNA.
8. Polymerase Chain Reaction

Books Recommended
1. Practical handbook of biochemistry and molecular biology (1989) byGerald D.
Fasman(CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group).
2. Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual (2000) by J. Sambrook, [Link] and T.
Maniatis(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, NewYork).
3. Michael R. Green, Joseph Sambrook (2012) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory
Manual(Fourth Edition): Three-volume setCold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,
New York.

Course outcome
After completion of this course, students should be able

CO-1. To gain hands on experience in gene isolation, cloning and amplification.

CO-2. To get expertise in isolation of plasmids, cloning of gene, transformation into
suitable bacteria for selection of recombinant clones and to learn gene cloning in
an expression vector.
[Link] conduct gene amplification experiments by PCR analysis and to isolate RNA for
cDNA synthesis.
[Link] practical experience would enable them to begin a career in biotech as well as
pharmaceutical industry that engages in genetic engineering.

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[Link]. (Bio Tech)

Sem – II
CS-MBT425: Computer Applications & Data Analysis
L T
Time: 3 Hours Credit Hours: 2+1=3
Total Marks: 75
Theory Marks: 56
Internal Assessment: 19

Instructions for Paper Setters/examiners:

The question paper will consist of five sections.
Section A is compulsory and will consist of 8 short answer type questions, with each question
will carry two marks. Candidates are required to attempt 6 questions from this section.
Section B, C, D and E: will have 2 questions from Section A, B,C and D of the syllabus and
carry 11 marks. Candidate are required to attempt 1 question, each from section B, C, D and E
of question paper..

Course Objectives:
1. The course is designed to provide complete knowledge of C language.
2. Students will be able to develop logics which will help them to create programs,
applications in C.
3. Also, by learning the basic programming constructs they can easily switch over to
any other language in future.
4. The course is designed to provide students with the skills to understand the use of
SPSS, as a tool to summarize and aid in the interpretation of research findings.

Section-A
Introduction to programming in C, Overview , Character set, C Tokens, Keywords, Identifiers,
Variables, Constant , Data Types, Comments, Structure of a C. Program Operators &
Expression, Types of Operators , Precedence and Associativity, Type Conversion, Expression
, Statement and Types of statements Built-in functions: printf(), scanf(), getch(), getchar(),
putchar(), header files, Pre-processor directives : #include, #define , Control Statements : If,
If- else ,Nested If-else, switch ,while, do-while ,for ,Nested for loop ,break ,continue, Goto etc.
Section-B
Arrays, One Dimensional arrays, Two Dimensional Arrays, storing data into arrays, searching
(Linear Search, Binary Search) and sorting (Bubble Sort) , function, calling a function, passing
arguments, call by reference, call by value, Recursion, Strings( Declaration, Initialisation,
Traversing Strings, String Handling Functions), Pointers(Pointer Declaration, Initialisation,
Operations on pointers, malloc(), calloc(), realloc() functions).

Section -C
Developing the familiarity with SPSS Processer: Entering and editing data in SPSS editor,
Importing Data, Inserting and defining variables and cases, Creating a Codebook in SPSS.
Working with descriptive statistics - Frequency tables, Graphical representation of statistical
data (histogram, Boxplot, line charts, scatter plot, P-P plots, Q-Q plots).

Section-D
SPSS: Testing the differences between group means - t – test (one sample, independent –
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sample, paired sample), ANOVA-GLM 1 (one way). Regression Analysis: The method of
Least Squares, Assessing the goodness of fit, Simple regression.
Non-parametric tests – Independent chi square Test, Mann Whitney Test, Wilcoxon signed
rank test, Kruskal Wallis test. Advance Models (Logistic Regression and Discriminant
Analysis, Factor Analysis, Cluster Analysis).

References:
1. Balaguruswamy: “Programming in ANSIC”, 8/e, 2019
2. Scaum Outline Series: “Programming inC”, 1996
3. Dennis & Ritchie: “Programming inC”, 2015
4. Stephen G. Kochar: “C Programming”, 2017
5. Statistical Methods for Research: A Step by Step Approach Using IBM
SPSS.2010. By- K. Kalyanaraman;Hareesh N. Ramanathan;P.N. Harikumar.
Atlantic Publishers.
6. Statistics Made Simple: Do it Yourself on PC. by Sarma K.V.S. Prentice-Hall of India
[Link] (2004) ISBN: 9788120317413.
7. SPSS 20.0: A Guide to Statistical Analysis for Reseachers Paperback – 2018. by Dr.
Dinesh Gabhane , Dr. S.B. Kishor, [Link]. Himalaya Publishing House; First
edition (2018). ISBN-13: 978-9352993062

Course Outcomes:
Upon completion of this course, the students will be able to:
CO-1. Use the fundamentals of C programming in trivial problem solving
CO-2. Identify solution to a problem and apply control structures and user defined
functions for solving the problem
CO-3. Use SPSS as a data analysis tool.
CO-4. Understand how to enter and organise information with SPSS.
CO-5. Understand and interpret charts and understand the basic principles behind
inferential statistics.

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M. Sc. Biotechnology (Semester- II)

CS-MBT425
Computer Applications & Data Analysis (Practical)
Time: 3 Hours
Credit Hours: 1
Total Marks: 25
Theory Marks: 19
Internal Assessment: 06

1. Write programme to demonstrate conditional statements using c language.

2. Write programme to manipulate matrices.
3. To demonstrate array function.
5. Use of SPSS software: Entering and editing data.
6. Plotting histogram, Boxplot, line charts, scatter plot from the given data.

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M. Sc. Biotechnology (Semester- III)

BT-MBTL531
Animal Tissue Culture & Animal Biotechnology
Credits: 3-1-0
Maximum Marks: 100
Theory: 75
Time: 3 Hours Internal Assessment: 25
60 Hrs.

Instructions for paper setters and candidates

The question paper will consist of five sections: A, B, C, D, and E. Section A is

compulsory covering whole syllabus and will consist of 8 short-answer type questions,
with each question carrying 2.5 marks. Candidates are required to attempt six questions
from this Section. Sections B, C, D, and E will have two questions from the Unit I, II, III
and IV respectively of the syllabus and carry 15 marks. Candidates are required to attempt
one question each from Sections B, C, D, and E of the question paper.
Course Objectives
1. Learning basic layout of ATC lab. And understanding importance of aseptic techniques
in ATC.
2. Studying relevance of important solutions and medium used in ATC.
3. To learn how to establish and maintain cell lines, detection of contaminations and long
term storage of these cell lines.
4. To apply ATC at large scale.
Course content
Unit I
Concept of aseptic techniques in ATC; design and layout of ATC lab, Equipment for
ATC [Link] safety and Biohazards, balanced salt solution and tissue culture
media.

Unit II
Detection of contamination, preservation, storage and shipment of cells. Constituents
of serum, Serum free medium, design of serum free medium, Advantages and
disadvantages ofserum supplemented and serum free medium.

Unit III
Dispersion and disruption of tissue, monolayer and suspension culture techniques,
measurement of growth and viability of cells in culture, maintenance of cultured cell line,
primary and established cell line cultures, cell separation.

Unit IV
Cell culture characteristics, scale up methods for propagation of anchorage dependent and
suspension cell culture, concept of Bioreactors for mass culture of mammalian cells,
microcarrier culture. Three dimensional culture system. Cell synchronization, cell
transformation, cell immobilization techniques

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Books Recommended

1. Spier, R. R. and Griffiths, J. B. (1990). Animal Cell Biotechnology, Academic Press,

London.
2. Gareth, E. J. (1996). Human Cell Culture Protocols, Humana Press.
3. Julio, E., Celis (1998). Cell Biology-A Laboratory Hand Book, Vol. I-IV, 2 nd Ed., Academic
Press, New York.
4. Butler, M. (2004). Animal Cell Technology, 2nd Ed., BIOS Scientific Publishers, U.K.
5. John M. Davis (2011) Animal Cell Culture: Essential Methods: Publishers Wiley
6. R. Ian Freshney (2012) : A Manual of Basic Technique and Specialized Applications, 6th
Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York.

Course outcome
Upon completion of the course students should be able to:

CO-1. Successfully maintain cultures of animal cells and established cell lines with good
viability, minimal contamination and appropriate documentation.
CO-2. Perform supportive or episodic tasks relevant to cell culture, including preparation
and evaluation of media, cryopreservation and recovery, and assessment of cell
growth/health.
CO-3. Establishment and maintenance of cell lines.
CO-4. Applications of cultured cell for large scale production of metabolites,
transformation and in-vitro cell immobilization.

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M. Sc. Biotechnology (Semester-III)

BT-MBTP531

Animal Tissue Culture & Animal Biotechnology Lab

Credit Hours: 0-0-1
Maximum Marks: 50
Practical: 37
Internal Assessment: 13

30 Hrs.

Time: 3 Hours
Course Objectives
1. To gain important skills like preparation of basic buffers and medium.
2. To learn the process of preparation and sterilization of Animal Tissue Culture medium.
3. To prepare cells for culturing.
4. To acquire knowledge of counting and estimating cell number in the culture.
5. Long term preservation of Cell lines.

Course content
1. Introduction to cell culture laboratory and instruments ( Inverted microscope, CO2
incubator, Refrigerated centrifuges, Bio-safety cabinets, cryo cans, Water Bath, Deep
freezers etc) used in the lab
2. Preparation of tissue culture medium
3. Sterilization of medium by membrane filtration technique
4. Maintenance of a cell line
5. Trypsinization of monolayer and sub culturing of cells
6. Counting of viable cells by trypan blue dye with the help of haemocytometer
7. Cryopreservation and revival of cells.
8. Determination of cell doubling time of a given cell line.
Books Recommended

1. Culture of Animal Cells, (3rd Edition), R. Ian Freshney. Wiley-Liss.

2. Animal Cell Culture – Practical Approach, Ed. John R.W. Masters, OXFORD.
3. Cell Growth and division: A practical Approach. Ed. R. Basega, IRL Press.
4. Cell Culture Lab Fax. Eds. M Butler & M. Dawson, Bios Scientific Publications Ltd.
Oxford.
5. Animal Cell Culture Techniques. Ed. Martin Clynes, Springer.
6. Methods in Cell Biology, Vol. 57, Animal Cell Culture Methods. Ed. Jenni P Matherand
David Barnes. Academic Press.
7. R. Ian Freshney (2012) : A Manual of Basic Technique and Specialized Applications,6th
Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York.

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Course outcome
CO-1. The course will focus on practical aspects of cell culture, like design and layout
of thelaboratory and introduction to the instruments used in Animal
Biotechnology lab.
CO-2. Students will get the knowledge and hands on training on media
preparation andsterilization.
CO-3. Crypreservation, revival of cells, maintenance and subculturing cell lines.
CO-4. Students will get practical hands on how to determine viability count of
cultured cellsand determine cell doubling time.

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M. Sc. Biotechnology (Semester- III)

BT-MBTL532
Plant Tissue Culture & Plant Biotechnology
Credits: 3-1-0
Maximum Marks: 100
Theory: 75
Time: 3 Hours Internal Assessment: 25

60 Hrs.
Instructions for paper setters and candidates
The question paper will consist of five sections: A, B, C, D, and E. Section A is
compulsory covering whole syllabus and will consist of 8 short-answer type questions,
with each question carrying 2.5 marks. Candidates are required to attempt six questions
from this Section. Sections B, C, D, and E will have two questions from the Unit I, II, III
and IV respectively of the syllabus and carry 15 marks. Candidates are required to attempt
one question each from Sections B, C, D, and E of the question paper.

Course Objectives

1. The main objective of this course is to introduce principles and practices of plant
biotechnology, plant tissue culture, genetic transformation and transgenic plant
production to students.
2. This course presents the applications of plant tissue culture and plant biotechnology for the
improvement of agricultural crops.
3. Students will be able to gain fundamental knowledge of plant tissue culture and plant
biotechnology for the production of important secondary metabolites.

Course content
Unit I
Introduction to cell and tissue culture, History of plant cell culture, Laboratory design,
Culture media types, Media composition, Plant growth regulators, Gelling agents, Cellular
totipotency, Dedifferention and Redifferentiation, Callus and cell culture, Organogenesis
and embryogenesis.
Unit II
Micropropagation methods, stages of micropropagation, types, applications and
limitations. Somatic embryogenesis types, protocol, media requirements, embryogenic
callus,Embryogenic determined cells (EDCs), advantages and disadvantages of somatic
embryogenesis. Applications of propagation techniques in crop improvement.
Acclimatization of micropropagated plantlets, Technical problems in PTC.. Embryo
culture technique and rescuing hybrid embryos.
Unit III
Production of synthetic seed and their applications. Virus free plant production by PTC.
Anther and microspore culture, Development of haploid plants, diploidization,
applications. Protoplast isolation, culture and fusion, Somatic hybridization, Methods of
somatic cell fusion, selection of somatic hybrids, cybrids and their applications.
Somaclonal variations
Unit IV
Secondary metabolites production: Mass propagation of plant cells: Plant Cell
Immobilization and free cell suspension culture, Hairy Root Culture, Biotransformation,
Applications and Limitations. Productionof transgenic plants, Ti plasmids, Agrobacterium
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infection and tumour growth, Agrobacteriummediated genetic transformation of plants,

Direct DNA transfer methods for genetic transformation, Crop improvement through
transgenics and applications of transgenic plantproduction.

Books Recommended
 Reinert, J. and Bajaj, Y.P.S. (1977). Applied and Fundamental Aspects
of Plant Cell,Tissue and Organ Culture, Springer Verlang, Berlin.
 Ammirato, P.V., D.A. Evans, N.D. Sharp and Y.P.S. Bajaj (1990). Hand
Book of PlantCell Culture, Vols. 1 – 5. McGraw Hill Publishing
Company, New York.
 Shaw C.H. (1988), Plant Molecular Biology – A Practical Approach IRL Press Oxford.
 Gupta P.K., (1990), An Introduction to Biotechnology, Rastogi Publications, Meerut.
 Kung, Shain – Dow and Arntzen, C.J. (1989). Plant Biotechnology,
ButterWorths,London.
 Bhojwani, S.S. and M.K. Razdan (1983), Plant Tissue Culture. Theory
and PracticeElsevier science publications Amsterdam.
 Draper J.R. Scott, P. Armitage, R. Walden, (1988). Plant Genetic
Transformation andGene Expression – A Laboratory Manual. Blackwell
Scientific Publications, Oxford.
 Grierson, D. and Covey, S.N. (1984). Plant Molecular Biology, Black
Publishers, NewYork
 Old, R.W. and Primrose S.B. (1991). Principles of Gene Manipulation,
An Introduction to Genetic Engineering, Blackwell Scientific Publications,
Oxford.
 Hopkins W.G. (2006) Plant Biotechnology, Infobase Publishing, pp 153

Course Outcome
CO-1 The students will learn about important milestones in plant tissue culture and
plantbiotechnology.
CO-2 The students will understand the concepts and principles of plant tissue
culture andplant biotechnology.
CO-3 The students will learn about different pathways of plant regeneration under in vitro
conditions - organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis.
CO-4 The students will learn about techniques of establishing cell suspension culture,
production of synthetic seeds and their applications.
CO-5 The students will learn about large scale production of secondary metabolites
usingdifferent plant tissue culture techniques and bioreactors.
CO-6 The students will gain knowledge about Agrobacterium mediated plant
transformationand genetic elements present on the Ti plasmid
CO-7 This course will help students to acquire information about hardening and field
transplantation of tissue culture raised plants.

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M. Sc. Biotechnology (Semester- III)

BT-MBTP532
Plant Tissue Culture & Plant Biotechnology Lab
Credit Hours: 0-0-1
Maximum Marks: 50
Practical: 37
Internal Assessment: 13

30 Hrs.

Time: 3 Hours
Course Objectives
1. To learn preparation and sterilization of the plant tissue culture medium
2. To study the effect of plant growth hormones on growth and proliferation of explants.
3. To study micro-propagation of plants.
4. To study acclimatization of tissue culture raised plantlets.

Course content
1. Methods of sterilization.
2. Preparation of media-MS (full strength, half strength).
3. Filter sterilization of thermo labile components
4. Micropropagation.
5. Effect of various growth hormones on cell division and cell proliferation
6. Callus induction & sub culturing, organogenesis.
7. Anther culture technique.
8. Acclimatization of tissue culture raised plantlets.

Course outcome

CO-1 The students will be able to prepare and sterilize the plant tissue culture medium
CO-2 The students‟ will learn the effect of plant growth hormones on cell division and cell
proliferation.
CO-3 The students willbe able toknow about different methods and steps involved in
micro-propagation of plants.
CO-4 The students will be able to perform experiments related tocallus induction, sub
culturing and organogenesis from different explants.
CO-5 The students‟ will able toacclimatizethe tissue culture raised plantlets.

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M. Sc. Biotechnology (Semester- III)

BT-MBTL533
Immunology
Credits: 3-1-0
Maximum Marks: 100
Theory: 75
Internal Assessment: 25

Time: 3 Hours
60 Hrs.

Instructions for paper setters and candidates

The question paper will consist of five sections: A, B, C, D, and E. Section A is
compulsory covering whole syllabus and will consist of 8 short-answer type questions,
with each question carrying 2.5 marks. Candidates are required to attempt six questions
from this Section. Sections B, C, D, and E will have two questions from the Unit I, II, III
and IV respectively of the syllabus and carry 15 marks. Candidates are required to attempt
one question each from Sections B, C, D, and E of the question paper.

Course Objectives
Course contents are designed to enable students to learn:
1. Basics, organization of immune system, types of immunity and immunoglobulins.
2. Detailed inside out of histocompatibility, lymphocytes and their receptors, Cytokines and other
components, immune regulation.
3. Brief account of Mechanisms of cytotoxicity, types of hypersensitivity, autoimmunediseases and
infections.
4. Knowledge about transplantation, immunodeficiency diseases, hybridoma technology.
Course content
Unit I
Introduction: Phylogeny of immune System, Innate and acquired immunity, Clonal nature of immune
response, Organization and structure of lymphoid organs (Thymus, Lymph node, Spleen, MALT, M cells),
Nature and biology of antigens (Immunogen, Hapten, Epitope, Valency) and super antigens, Antibody
structure and function, Antigen-Antibody interactions (Affinity, Avidity).
Unit II
Cells of the Immune system: Heamtopoiesis and differentiation, lymphocytes trafficking, B-lymphocytes, T-
lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer and lymphokine activated killer cell, eosinophils,
neutrophils and mast Cells. Stages in T and B lymphocyte maturation, Regulation of immune response:
Antigen processing and presentation, generation of humoral and cell mediated immune responses, Activation
of B- and T- lymphocytes, T- cell regulation, MHC restriction, Immunological tolerance. Major
histocompatibility complex, BCR & TCR, generation of diversity,
Unit III
Complement system (Classical and Alternative pathways), Cytokines and their role in immune regulation,
Cell- mediated cytotoxicity; Mechanism of T cell and NK cell mediated lysis, antibody dependent cell
mediated cytotoxicity, macrophage mediated cytotoxicity. Hypersensitivity. Autoimmunity.
Unit IV
Transplantation: Graft rejection & Immunosuppression, Immunity to infectious agents (intercellular
parasites, helminthes & viruses), Tumor immunology (Immunological surveillance, Immune response to

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tumors), Immunodeficiencies and AIDS (HIV Infection, progression), Hybridoma Technology and
Monoclonal antibodies.

Books Recommended
1. Kuby, J. (2004), Immunology, 5th Edition. W.H. Freeman and Company, New York
2. Roitt, I.M., Brostoff, J., Male, D.K., & Roth, D. (2006). Immunology (7th ed.).The
C.V. Mosby Company. St. Louis
3. Murphy, K.M. (2011). Janeway's Immunobiology, 8th Edition (Immunobiology: TheImmune System
(Janeway)) Garland Science. Taylor and Francis Group.
4. Kanfmann, S.H.E., Sher A., Ahmed, R. (2002). Immunology of Infections Diseases,ASM Press,
Washington
5. Strites D.P., Terr. A.I. & Parslow T.G. (1997), Medical Immunology, 9th Ed., PHI, Cambridge.
6. Paul, W./E. (1995), Fundamental Immunology, 3rd Ed., Raven Press, New York
7. Austyn, J.M. and Wood K.J. (1993), Principles of Cellular and molecular Immunology,Oxford
University Press Inc. New York.
8. Britch, J.R. and Lennox, E.S. (1995), Monoclonal Antibodies Principles andApplication, Wiley
Liss.

Course Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
1. Acquire the basic knowledge of different immunological components and processes at the
cellular levels.
2. Cultivate the apprehension regarding mechanisms of generation of immune response and
their different types
3. Learn about the role of specialized lymphocytes, their action process along with diseases
related with self defense mechanisms of body like allergic reaction and abnormality in
antigen recognition.
4. Realize about the direct involvement of medical science procedures involved in certain
disease treatments as well as industrial aspect like monoclonal immunoglobulins
generation and their utility.

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M. Sc. Biotechnology (Semester- III)

BT-MBTP533
Immunology Lab
Credit Hours: 0-0-1
Maximum Marks: 50
Practical: 37
Internal Assessment: 13
30 Hrs.
Time: 3 Hours
Course objectives
Course contents are designed to enable students to
1. Understand the basics of blood and its components.
2. Learn the cellular and other non-cellular factors of blood.
3. Comprehend the antigen-antibody reaction systems
4. Know inside out of certain immunologic techniques.
Course content
1. Blood film preparation and identification of cells.
2. R.B.C. Counting.
3. Total leukocyte count & Differential leukocyte count
4. A.B,O Blood group testing
5. Direct and indirect haemagglutination assays.
6. Isolation of mononuclear cells from peripheral blood and viability test by dyeexclusion method
7. Separation of serum / plasma from blood
8. Double immunodiffusion test
9. Dot Immuno blot assay (DIBA)

Books Recommended

1. Stevans, C.D. (2009). Clinical Immunology and Serology : A Laboratory Perspective F.A. Davis
Company, Philadelphia
2. Hay, F.C. Westwood O.M.R. (2002). Practical Immunology, 4th Ed., Blackwell Science, U.K.
3. Celis, K.E. (1998). Cell Biology: A laboratory handbook. Vol-I Academic Press, U.K.

Course Outcomes:
Upon completion of the course the students will be capable to understand and perform following in the
laboratory
1. Staining techniques and Microscopy for the identification as well as morphological characterization of
blood cells.
2. Haematological studies using counting chamber for Erythrocyte, leukocyte count
3. Antigen- antibody interaction studies for blood group testing and immunodiffusion.
4. Erythrocyte cross-links studies by lectin glycoproteins for carbohydrate determinants.
5. Centrifugation technique for serum and plasma separation; Density gradient centrifugation for blood
cell isolation and viability test.
6. Immunoblotting to identify target protein among unrelated proteins

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M. Sc. Biotechnology (Semester- III)

BT-MBTL534
Bioprocess Engineering & Technology
Credits: 3-1-0
Maximum Marks: 100
Theory: 75
Time: 3 Hours Internal Assessment: 25

Instructions for paper setters and candidates

60 Hrs.
The question paper will consist of five sections: A, B, C, D, and E. Section A is
compulsory covering whole syllabus and will consist of 8 short-answer type questions,
with each question carrying 2.5 marks. Candidates are required to attempt six questions
from this Section. Sections B, C, D, and E will have two questions from the Unit I, II, III
and IV respectively of the syllabus and carry 15 marks. Candidates are required to attempt
one question each from Sections B, C, D, and E of the question paper.

Course Objectives
1. To study various optimization methods for the growth of living organisms
includingstatistical and mathematical modelling techniques.
2. To make the pupils aware of various types of designs, types, operations and kinetics of
industrial bioreactors.
3. The students made to learn all the engineering principles used for metabolite production in
industry.
4. The practical work of metabolite separation engineering from the Bioprocess media will be
elaborately taught to the students.
5. The students will be given knowledge about various microbiological techniques for primary
secondary and tertiary treatment of industrial waste.
6. The pupils will be familiarized with the complete aspect of the Bioprocess Engineering &
Technology including Design, Instrumentation, Operation, Maintenance, and Scale-up.

Course content
Unit I
Introduction: Historical development of bioprocessing as industry. Scale up of a
bioprocesses and its parameters from lab, pilot plant and industrial scales. Growth
parameters, growth rate, specific growth rate and biomass doubling, degree of
multiplication, growth yield , Ydx/ds, Ydx/do2, metabolic quotient, effect of substrate
concentration on growth rate, Monod growth relation, saturation constants and its
importance.

Unit II
Bioreactors type: Introduction, Basic function of a bioreactor, microbial, animal and
plant bioreactors (Wald hof-type acetators and cavitators, tower bioreactor,
cylindroconical vessels, air lift bioreators, deep jet bioreactor, cyclone column, packed
tower, rotating disc bioreactor). Aspectic operation and contamination. Sterilization of
bioreactors and medium, Body construction, Temperature control and measurement.
Aeration and agitation, impellers, Stirrer, glands and bearings, packed gland seal,
mechanical seal, magnetic drives, Baffles, different types of spargers, different ports,
temperature probes. Dissolve oxygen probe. Basic concepts of Valves and stream traps
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(Gate valves, plug valves, ball valves, butterfly valves, Diaphragm valves, pressure control
valves, safety valves, steam traps only).
Unit III
Mass and Gas transfer in Microbial systems: Introduction, The oxygen requirement for
industrial bioreactors, oxygen demand and supply. Volumetric oxygen transfer,
determination of KLa values, sulphite oxidation techniques, gassing out techniques: static
method anddynamic method, oxygen balance method. Fluid rheology: Bingham plastic,
pseudo plastic, Dilatants, Casson body. Factors affecting KLa values in bioreactors, the
effect of medium rheology on KLa values.
Unit IV
Sterilization
Introduction, design of batch sterilization process, del factor, sterilization cycle,
Richards rapid method for design of sterilization cycles, batch sterilization, continuous
sterilization, sterilization of feed, sterilization of wastes. Filter sterilization, filter
sterilization of media and air, Depth filters design and theory.

Books Recommended

1. Stansbury, P.F., Whittaker, A. Hall, S.J. Principles of Fermentation Technology 3 Edition.

Pergamon Press. 2008.
2. Bailey, J.E., and Olis, D.R. Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals. McGraw Hill.
3 Moo-Young, M. Comprehensive Biotechnology. Vol 1-4.
3. Doran, P.M. Bioprocess Engineering Principles. Academic Press 2011.
4. Michael, L. Shuler and Kargi, F. Bioprocess Engineering: Basic Concepts. Pearson-
Prentice Hall. 2009.
5. Crueger, W. and Crueger, A. Biotechnology: a Textbook of Industrial Microbiology. Panima
Publishing Corporation.
6. McNeil, B and Harvey, L.M. Fermentation a practical approach. IRL Press (Oxford
University Press). 2007.
7. Shijie Liu. Bioprocess Engineering: Kinetics, Biosystems, Sustainability, and Reactor
Design. Elsevier Sci. Publishers. 2012.
8. Kim Gail Clarke. Bioprocess Engineering: An Introductory Engineering and Life Science
Approach. Woodhead Publishing Ltd. 2013.
9. B. Atkinson Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology Hand Book. MacMillan Press
2009.
10. J.M. Lee. Biochemical Engineering Prentice Hall 2008.

Course Outcome
CO-1. Students will practically learn Bioreaction and process engineering.
CO-2. Students will learn about applications of various types of bioreactors as are scaled
– up in industry for industrial fermentations.
CO-3. Students will be able to design up-stream, down-stream, economical, post
production, processing and overall aspects of Fermentation technology. This
aspect is desirable to join and work in nearly bioprocess industries.
CO-4. Students will be able to compare and use various types of bioprocess for different
typesof microbial processes.
CO–5. The students are perfectly ready for jobs of Bioprocess Engineer in Distillaries,
Breweries, Food processing plants, Soft-drink bottling plants, Milk processing industry
etc.
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M. Sc. Biotechnology (Semester- III)

BT-MBTP534
Bioprocess Engineering & Technology Lab
Credits: 0-0-1
Maximum Marks: 50
Practical: 37
Internal Assessment: 13
Time: 3 Hours 30 Hrs.
Course Objectives
1. To study design of batch bioreactor, one used in nearly all fermentation
industries acrossIndia.
2. To make the pupils aware of various parts, probes, maintenance, and mantling- dismantling
ofbioreactors.
3. The students practically produce microbial products in batch bioreactor and use it to
treatindustrial effluents.
4. The pupils practically learn handling of bioreactor and sterilization &maintenance of
asepticconditions in lab area.
5. The pupils will be familiarized with the complete aspect of the Bioprocess Engineering &
Technology including Design, Instrumentation, Operation, Maintenance, and Scale-up.
Course content
1. Determination of TDS, pH and conductivity of given wastewater sample after standardization
of given probes/instruments.
2. Screening and Isolation of cellulose degrading microbes.
3. Bioremediation of dyes using different fungal/bacterial strain isolated from soil at
shake flask level.
4. To study the parts of a bioreactor working and functioning of any bioreactor studied in
theorypaper by bioreactors assembling and dismantling.
5. Sterilization of fermenter and fermentation media.
6. To characterize and isolate the effluent decolorization product by TLC/GLC.
7. Determinations of thermal death point (TDP) and thermal death time (TDT) of microbes for
designing of sterilization.
8. Study the effect agitation on aeration and determination of KLa volumetric oxygen
transferrate in the bioreactor by dynamic gassing out technique.
Course Outcome
CO-1. Students in this course will learn to scale up of a bioprocesses and various growth
parameters, CO- [Link] will learn about design of batch sterilization process and other
sterilization techniques CO-3. Students will practically learn Bioreaction and process
engineering aspects including Students
will learn about aeration, agitation, mass flow, gas flow etc. for industrial bioreactors.
CO -4. Students will learn about applications of various types of bioreactors as are scaled – up in
industry for industrial fermentations.
CO -5. Students will be able to design up-stream, down-stream, economical, post production,
processing and overall aspects of Fermentation technology. This aspect is desirable to join
and work in nearly all Bioprocess industries. ng,
CO-6. Students will be able to compare and use various types of bioprocess for different types of microbial
processes.

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M. Sc. Biotechnology (Semester- III)

BT-MBTL535
Seminar
Credits: 3-0-0
Maximum Marks: 75

To make the students conversant with latest happening in the field of Biotechnology and to improve
their communicational skill, seminars covering latest topics in Biotechnology have been included in
the curriculum. Each candidate will select topic and deliver seminar on important recent scientific
discovery published in prestigious scientific journals. Presentation of Seminars will carry 50 marks.
An objective type common paper of 25 marks on all the seminars will be taken at the end of the session.
The question paper will be set and evaluated by a board of three internal examiners.

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M. Sc. Biotechnology (Semester-IV)

Genomics and Proteomics
BT-MBTL541A
Credits: 3-1-0
Maximum Marks: 100
Theory: 75
Time: 3 Hours Internal Assessment: 25
Instructions for paper setters and candidates
60 Hrs.

The question paper will consist of five sections: A, B, C, D, and E. Section A is

compulsory covering whole syllabus and will consist of 8 short-answer type questions,
with each question carrying 2.5 marks. Candidates are required to attempt six questions
from this Section. Sections B, C, D, and E will have two questions from the Unit I, II, III
and IV respectively of the syllabus and carry 15 marks. Candidates are required to attempt
one question each from Sections B, C, D, and E of the question paper.
Course Objectives
 Genomics and Proteomics aims to give students an overview of the
fundamental technological concepts of genomics, functional genomics,
and proteomics methods.
 To acquaint the student with genome organization, gene identification,
expression and applications of genomics analysis. Also about
proteomics, analysis and its applications.
 Genomics and Proteomics give students foundational skills in omics
data analysis, as well as a broad overview on genomics and proteomics
technologies and show how these are applied to real-life biomedical
problems.
 Students will learn about genomics and proteomics methods, the data
these experiments produce, as well as about sequence and proteome
analysis.
Course content
Unit I
Whole genome analysis: Preparation of genomic library in vectors, ordered cosmid
libraries,BAC libraries, shotgun libraries, comparative genomes (Arabidopsis, rice and
panda)
DNA sequencing: conventional sequencing (Sanger, Maxam and Gilbert),
pyrosequencing, next generation sequencing, automated sequencing, translation to large
scale projects, epigenomics, cancer genomes.
Unit II
FISH, Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH), SKY (Spectral Karyotyping).
DNA Microarrays: Chemical DNA synthesis, Printing of oligonucleotides and PCR
products on glass slides, nitrocellulose paper. Fluorescence based assay formats and
signal amplification strategies, Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism using DNA
chips.
Gene Identification and Expression Analysis: DNA microarrays, ESTs, SAGE, MPSS.

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Unit III
Proteome analysis: Two dimensional separation of total cellular proteins, isolation and
sequence analysis of individual protein spots by mass spectroscopy. Protein microarrays,
Protein sequencing methods (Edman degradation, Sanger degradation) yeast 2-hybrid
system, FRET, bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay GST pull down, protein
localization..
Unit IV
Advantages and disadvantages of DNA and protein microarrays. Total expression vs
functional proteomics, oligosaccharide microarrays for glycomics, pharmacogenomics,
introduction to metabolomics.
Books Recommended

1. Peruski, L.F. Jr. and Peruski, A.H. (1997). The Internet and New Biology:
Tools forGenomic and Molecular Research ASM.
2. Schena, [Link]. (1999). DNA Microarrays: A practical approach. Oxford University Press.
3. Hunt, S. and Livesey, F. ed. (2000). Functional Genomics: A practical approach.
OxfordUniversity Press.
4. Josip Lovric. (2011). Introducing Proteomics: From concepts to sample separation,
massspectrometry and data analysis. Wiley
5. R. Varshney. (2013). Translational Genomics for Crop Breeding. Wiley-Blackwell Ltd.
6. Sandy B. Primrose, Richard Twyman (2009). Principles of Gene Manipulation and
Genomics, 7th Edition. Wiley.
7. Genomics: Essential Methods (2010). by Mike Starkey (Editor), Ramnath
Elaswarapu(Editor). Wiley.
8. Nawin C. Mishra, Günter Blobel (2010). Introduction to Proteomics: Principles and
Applications. Wiley
9. Jonathan Pevsner. (2009). Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, 2nd Edition.
WileyBlackwell.
10. Molecular Analysis and Genome Discovery, 2nd Edition (2011). Ralph Rapley
(Editor),Stuart Harbron (Editor). Wiley Sci Publishers.
11. Introduction to Proteomics. (2008). Agnieszka Kraj (Editor), Jerzy Silberring
(Editor).Wiley Publishers.

Course outcomes
On completion of this course, the student will be able to:

1. Explain basic concepts of vectors, gene libraries and next generation sequencing
including the differences between the conventional and modern methods;
2. Develop technical skills for analysis and interpretation of data employing techniques
like FISH, Microarray, SAGE and MPSS.
3. Know about various methods of proteome analysis of a cell
4. Develop an appreciation of the importance of experimental design for genomics and
proteomics and will learn how to apply this knowledge in biomedical field

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P.G Department of Biotechnology- syllabus 2023-25

M. Sc. Biotechnology (Semester-IV)

BT-MBTL541B

Introduction to Bioinformatics
Credits: 3-1-0
Maximum Marks: 100
Theory: 75
Time: 3 Hours Internal Assessment: 25

60 Hrs.
Instructions for paper setters and candidates
The question paper will consist of five sections: A, B, C, D, and E. Section A is
compulsory covering whole syllabus and will consist of 8 short-answer type questions,
with each question carrying 2.5 marks. Candidates are required to attempt six questions
from this Section. Sections B, C, D, and E will have two questions from the Unit I, II, III
and IV respectively of the syllabus and carry 15 marks. Candidates are required to attempt
one question each from Sections B, C, D, and E of the question paper.

Course Objectives

1. To make students aware of the importance and applications of bioinformatics.

2. To provide students with the knowledge of genome sequencing projects includingHuman
genome project
3. To increase student’s learning about numerous protein and nucleic acid
databases and have insights about the algorithms (BLAST, Smith-Waterman,
Needleman-Wunch)
4. To give students hands on practical training on running sequence search tools,construct
phylogenetic tree, perform and analyze sequence alignments.
Course content

Unit I
Introduction to Bioinformatics: History of Bioinformatics, milestones, Genome
sequencingProjects, Human Genome Project, objectives and applications of
Bioinformatics.
Introduction to databases: Type and kind of databases, e.g. PUBMED, MEDLINE
Nucleic acid and protein databases: GenBank, EMBL, DDBJ, SWISS PROT,
INTERPRO,UNIPROT. Genome project TIGR database, SGD, PLASMODB Data
format

Unit II
Sequence alignment: Scoring matrices, PAM, BLOSUM, Local and global alignment
concepts; Dot matrix sequence comparison; Dynamic programming; Needleman-Wunch
algorithm, SmithWaterman algorithm;

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Unit III
Database searches for homologous sequences, FASTA and BLAST, PSSM searching,
PSIBLAST and PHI-BLAST, Multiple sequence alignment; Phyllogenetic analysis Motifs
andPattern Databases: PROSITE, Pfam, BLOCKS, PRINTS

Unit IV
Protein sequence analysis tools, secondary structure prediction, tertiary structure prediction
homology modelling, fold recognition, ab initio methods structure visiualization and
analysis tools, rasmol chimera spdviwer, Structure analysis Structural databases: PDB,
PDBsum, NDBetc. SCOP, CATH

Books Recommended
1. Cynthia Gibas & Per Jamesbeck, (2000). “ Developing Bioinformatics Computer Skills,”O‟ Rilley &
Associates.
2. Campbell and Heyer, Discovering Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics, 2nd Edition,Benjamin
Cummings, 2002.
3. Bourhe P. E. and Weissig H. (2003). Structural Bioinformatics (Methods of structuralAnalysis).
Wiley-Liss.
4. Mount D. W. (2004). Bioinformatics & Genome Analysis. Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryPress.
5. Wayne W. Danile (2004), Biostatistics: A foundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences,8th Edition
Wiley.

Course Outcome
At the end of this course, students will
CO-1. Learn about Genome sequencing Projects, various primary and secondary databases.
CO-2. Be able to perform sequence alignment, multiple sequence alignment;
Phyllogenetictree construction and analysis.
CO-3. Have insights into sequence search tool algorithms; dynamic programming; structural
databases and learn about the tools for protein structure prediction.

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P.G Department of Biotechnology- syllabus 2023-25

M. Sc. Biotechnology (Semester-IV)

BT-MBTL542A
Medical Biotechnology
Credits: 3-1-0
Maximum Marks: 100
Theory: 75
Time: 3 Hours Internal Assessment: 25

60 Hrs.

Instructions for paper setters and candidates

The question paper will consist of five sections: A, B, C, D, and E. Section A is
compulsory covering whole syllabus and will consist of 8 short-answer type questions,
with each question carrying 2.5 marks. Candidates are required to attempt six questions
from this Section. Sections B, C, D, and E will have two questions from the Unit I, II, III
and IV respectively of the syllabus and carry 15 marks. Candidates are required to attempt
one question each from Sections B, C, D, and E of the question paper.

Course Objectives:
a. To understand and link various assets of Biotechnology to the medical field.
b. Students will learn how stem cells can be applied for the treatment of various diseases.
c. Different immune molecules can be applied for overcoming human ailments whichwill be
clarified in this course.
d. Student will be introduced in detailed to the process of gene therapy.
e. Process of drug developments and its various stages will be learned.

Course content
Unit I
Cellular therapy; Stem cells: definition, properties, Classification based on potency and
sources; Genetically engineered stem cells in cancer treatment, Concept of tissue
engineering; Role of scaffolds; Role of growth factors; Role of adult and embryonic stem
cells in tissue engineering; Clinical applications; Ethical issues

Unit II
Immunotherapy: Cancer immunotherapy; Role of cytokine therapy in cancers;
Monoclonal antibodies and their role in cancer; Role of recombinant interferons;
Immunostimulants, Immunosuppressive therapy; Vaccine development process;
recombinant vaccines and clinical applications.

Unit III
Gene therapy; Intracellular barriers to gene delivery; Overview of inherited and acquired
diseases for gene therapy; Retro and adeno virus mediated gene transfer; Liposome and
nanoparticles mediated gene delivery Recombinant therapy; Clinical applications of
recombinant technology; Erythropoietin; Recombinant human growth hormone; Insulin
analogs and its role in diabetes; Streptokinase and urokinase in thrombosis; Recombinant
coagulationfactors.

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Unit IV
Genetic markers-Biomarkers in early drug development; Biomarkers in Clinical
development; Biomarkers for molecular Diagnostics- example of cancer biomarkers;
IVET Drugs; Types of Drugs - examples of latest drugs; steps in drug designing, HTS, In
silico drug designing, structure based drug designing, methods of docking concept of
ADME metabolism & Drug Excretion; QSAR; Drug Legislation & safety.

Books Recommended:
[Link], R.R. and Grifftths, J.B. (1994). Animal Cell biotechnology, 6th Ed., Academic
Press, London.
[Link]-larsen P. , Liljefors T., Madsen U. and Larsen K, Liljefors T. Madsen U. (2002).
[Link] Book of Drug Design and Discovery, Taylor and Francis Publications, Washington
D.C. Palson, O.B. and Bhatia, N.S. (2009). Tissue Engineering. Dorling Kindersley
(India) [Link].
[Link] L. and other (2009) .Essentials of Stem Cell Biology. 2nd Ed. Academic Press, London.
5. Khan, F.A. (2013) Medical Biotechnology, Academic Press, pp 368

Course Outcomes:

CO-1. In this course students will learn about the role of genetically engineered stem cells
in cancer treatment, clinical applications of tissue engineering.
CO-2. Students will acquire in depth knowledge about Immunotherapy, significance of
monoclonal antibodies, Vaccine development and clinical applications of
recombinant vaccines.
CO-3. Students will learn about various concepts of gene therapy; Recombinant therapy
and Clinical applications of recombinant technology.
CO-4. Students will learn about biomarkers in early drug development, Clinical
development
and in molecular Diagnostics, methods of docking concept of ADME metabolism &
Drug Excretion, in silico drug designing, structure based drug designing

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P.G Department of Biotechnology- syllabus 2023-25

M. Sc. Biotechnology (Semester-IV)

Advances in Plant Biotechnology
MBTL542B
Credits: 3-1-0
Maximum Marks: 100
Theory: 75
Time: 3 Hours Internal Assessment: 25

Instructions for paper setters and candidates

60 Hrs.
The question paper will consist of five sections: A, B, C, D, and E. Section A is
compulsory covering whole syllabus and will consist of 8 short-answer type questions,
with each question carrying 2.5 marks. Candidates are required to attempt six questions
from this Section. Sections B, C, D, and E will have two questions from the Unit I, II, III
and IV respectively of the syllabus and carry 15 marks. Candidates are required to attempt
one question each from Sections B, C, D, and E of the question paper.

Course objectives
1. The main objective of this course is to introduce recent technologies of secondarymetabolites
production
2. This course presents various plant biotechnology techniques and their applications for thecrop
improvement.
3. Students will be able to gain fundamental knowledge of genetic transformation andtransgenic
plant production.
Course content
Unit I

Hairy Root Research: Recent Scenario and Exciting Prospects Production of hairy root
cultures, hairy roots for high-value metabolite production, Biotransformation, Plant Cell
Immobilization and free cell suspension cultures.

Unit II

Gene Silencing Techniques and Crop Improvement, Overview of different strategies for
gene silencing, RNA interference, Construction of RNA interference vectors, Applications
of RNA interference in crop improvements

Unit III
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Plants, ROS in biotic and abiotic stress, ROS in plant
growth and development. Hormonal Regulation of Plant Growth and Development.
Interplay of different hormones for plant growth and development.

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Unit IV

Production of transgenic plants,Crop improvement through transgenics, Agrobacterium mediated

genetic transformation of plants, Direct DNA transfer methods for genetic transformation,
Applications of transgenic plant production.

Books Recommended

1. Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plant Seed Development. Larkins, Brian A.;
Vasil, IndraK. (Eds.), Vol. 4, 1997, ISBN 978-0-7923-4645-6
2. Mei-Liang Zhou, Xue-Mei Zhu, Ji-Rong Shao,Yi-Xiong Tang & Yan-Min Wu (2011)
Production and metabolic engineering of bioactive substances in plant hairy root
culture. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 90:1229–1239
3. Klaus Apel and Heribert Hirt (2004) Reactive Oxygen Species: Metabolism, Oxidative
Stress, and Signal Transduction. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 2004. 55:373–99
4. Ron Mittler, Sandy Vanderauwera, Nobuhiro Suzuki, Gad Miller, Vanesa B. Tognetti,
Klaas Vandepoele, Marty Gollery, Vladimir Shulaev, Frank Van Breusegem (2011)
ROS signaling: the new wave? Trends in Plant Science. 16 (6), 300-309
5. Matthew, L. (2004), RNAi for plant functional genomics, Comparative and Functional
Genomics, 5, 240-244.
6. Umesh Balkrishna Jagtap, Ranjit Gajanan Gurav and Vishwas Anant Bapat Role of RNA
interference in plant improvement. Naturwissenschaften (2011) 98:473–492
7. William M Gray (2004) Hormonal Regulation of Plant Growth and Development. PLoS
Biology. 2 (9) e311
8. Stephen Depuydt and Christian S. Hardtke (2011) Hormone Signalling Crosstalk in Plant
Growth Regulation. Current Biology 21: R365–R373
9. Hopkins W.G. (2006) Plant Biotechnology, Infobase Publishing, pp 153
10. Grierson, D. and Covey, S.N. (1984). Plant Molecular Biology, Black Publishers, New York
11. Old, R.W. and Primrose S.B. (1991). Principles of Gene Manipulation, An Introduction to
Genetic Engineering, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.

Course outcomes

CO-1: The students will learn about production of secondary metabolites using different
techniques.
CO-2: The students will understand the concepts and principles of gene silencing techniques.
CO-3: The students will learn about hormonal regulation of growth and
development inplants.
CO-6: The students will gain knowledge about Agrobacterium
mediated genetictransformation and production of transgenic plan

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P.G Department of Biotechnology- syllabus 2023-25

M. Sc. Biotechnology (Semester-IV)

BT-MBTL542C
Microbial Biotechnology
Credits: 3-1-0
Maximum Marks: 100
Theory: 75
Time: 3 Hours Internal Assessment: 25

60 Hrs.

Instructions for paper setters and candidates

The question paper will consist of five sections: A, B, C, D, and E. Section A is
compulsory covering whole syllabus and will consist of 8 short-answer type questions,
with each question carrying 2.5 marks. Candidates are required to attempt six questions
from this Section. Sections B, C, D, and E will have two questions from the Unit I, II, III
and IV respectively of the syllabus and carry 15 marks. Candidates are required to attempt
one question each from Sections B, C, D, and E of the question paper.

Course Objectives:
 This course presents the utility of Microbes and their products in food,
health andhealth care industry
 Students will be introduced to the advanced techniques like
comparative genomics andgenome sequencing projects.
 the student will understand: Fermentation and production of Microbial
products,Vaccine and antibiotics.
 Students will also acquire knowledge about application of microbes in
nanotechnologyand bioremediation of xenobiotics.

Course content
Unit I
Introduction to microbial technology, Microbial metabolites : Primary & Secondary,
microbial applications in food and health care industries. Introduction to microbial
genomes, phylogenetic relationships between various genera of microbes- 16SrRNA
sequencing and Ribosomal Database project.

Unit II
Prokaryotic genome organization, chromids, Bacterial and viral metagenomics, synthetic
genomics, microbial sequencing projects, comparative genomics of relevant organisms
such aspathogens and non-pathogens, human microbiome project.

Unit III
Microbial biofilms, polyketide synthase, antibiotic resistance, extremophiles and

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extremophilic biocatalysts, lantibiotics, biosynthesis of nanomaterials, probiotics,

microbial degradation of xenobiotics, viral enzymes in modern biotechnology and clinical
applications.
Unit IV
Microbial bio-products : penicillin G, Microbial Enzymes : amylases,
cellulases, cellobiohydrolase, endoglucanase, cellobiase, β-glucosidase, proteases.
Microbial cultures, microbial product recovery. Alcohol biotechnology : Beer, Whisky,
and Wine. Microbialculture, fermentation media, microbial bio-processes and product
recovery for beer, whiskyand wine.

Course Outcomes:

1. Important Goals of this course is to make the student to learn the wide range of
applications of Microbes.
2. Students will understand microbes and their products and will be acquainted with the
techniques to identify the useful microbes.
3. Various aspects of fermentation technology and their application in the productions of
various products of microbial origin will be studied.
4. Recent application of microbes will be explored in detailed.

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P.G Department of Biotechnology- syllabus 2023-25

M. Sc. Biotechnology (Semester-IV)

BT-MBTL543
Intellectual Property Rights, Bioethics and Biosafety
Credits: 3-1-0
Maximum Marks: 100
Theory: 75
Time: 3 Hours Internal Assessment: 25
Instructions for paper setters and candidates

60 Hrs.
The question paper will consist of five sections: A, B, C, D, and E. Section A is
compulsory covering whole syllabus and will consist of 8 short-answer type questions,
with each question carrying 2.5 marks. Candidates are required to attempt six questions
from this Section. Sections B, C, D, and E will have two questions from the Unit I, II, III
and IV respectively of the syllabus and carry 15 marks. Candidates are required to attempt
one question each from Sections B, C, D, and E of the question paper.

Course Objectives
1. Introduction to different types of IPR.
2. It will help in the introduction of history of IPR in India, Benefits, Problems and
Management of IPR.
3. To deal with Principles, objectives, structure and functions of various international
organizations like WTO, WIPO, GATT, USPTO, TRIPS, TRIMS, MFN.
4. It will help in learning the bio-entrepreneurship Patentability of Biotech inventions.
5. It will inculcate the basic information about the biosafety of Genetically
Engineered Products, Ecological Safety Assessment of Recombinant Organisms,
Good Laboratory Biosafety Practices, Web-based Information of Biosafety on
GMO.
Course content
Unit I

Introduction to intellectual property rights and its different forms. Ownership of

Tangible and Intellectual Property, Farmers Rights, Animal and Plant Breeders Rights,
Brief history of IPR system in India. Introduction to Indian Patent law, Basic requirements
of patentability, Patentable subject matter.
Unit II

World Trade Organization and its related intellectual property provisions, TRIPS
agreement, Patent Cooperation Treaty, Budapest treaty. Patent Litigation: Substantive
Aspectsof Patent Litigation, Procedural Aspects of Patent Litigation. Recent Development
in Patent System. Compulsory licensing, Patent infringements and revocation.
Patentability ofBiotechnological invention.

Unit III

Ethical issues of patenting in Biotechnology, Disclosure Requirements. Collaborative and

competitive research, Challenges for the Indian Biotechnological research and industries.
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Introduction to Biosafety, Overview of biosafety, Biological Safety Cabinets,, Genetically

modified organisms (GMOs), Concerns and Challenges, National and International
RegulatoryMechanism for GMOs, Cartegana Protocol, Benefits of transgenic to human
health, society and environment.
Unit IV

Biosafety of Genetically Engineered Products, Ecological Safety Assessment of

Recombinant Organisms, Good Laboratory Biosafety Practices, Web-based Information
of Biosafety on GMO. Introduction to Bioethics, Different Approaches to Ethics,
Biological Weapons and Their Social and Ethical Implications. NGOs for Biosafety and
Bioethics. Publicand Private sector organizations for biosafety and bioethics, Cross border
movement of germplasm, risk management issues-containment.

Books Recommended

1. Beier F.K, Crespi R.S and Straus T. Biotechnology and Patent protection,
Oxford andIBH Publishing Co. New Delhi.
2. Jeffrey M. Gimble, Academia to Biotechnology, Elsevier Academic Press.
3. Rajmohan Joshi (Ed.). 2006. Biosafety and Bioethics. Isha Books, Delhi.
4. Sasson A, Biotechnologies and Development, UNESCO Publications.
5. Senthil Kumar Sadasivam and Mohammed Jaabir M. S. (2008). IPR, Biosafety and
Biotechnology Management, Jasen Publications, India.
6. Intellectual Property rights in the WTO and Developing countries (2001) by
Watal, [Link] University Press, New Delhi.
7. Law Relating to Intellectual Property Rights, 1st Edition (2007) by Ahuja, V.K
8. Patent law and Entrepreneurship, 3rd Edition, Kalyani publishers (2010) by Singh, [Link]
Kaur, B
9. New developments in biotechnology: Patenting life-special report (1990) Office of
Technology Assessment (OTA), US Congress (Washington D.C. Dekker).
10. Draft manual of patent practice and procedure (2008) Patent Office, India.
11. Intellectual Property Bulletin.

Course Outcome

[Link] goal of this course is to introduce to the students the concept of intellectual
propertyrights and its different forms, introduce Indian Patent law and patentable
subject matter.
CO-2. Students will learn about World Trade Organization, Patentability of
Biotechnological invention, TRIPS agreement, National and international regulatory
mechanisms for genetically modified organisms, Cartegana protocol
CO-3. At the end of this course students will be able to define the Bio-ethics, good
laboratory and bio-safety practices, NGOs, public and private sectors for bio-safety
and bio-ethics.

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M. Sc. Biotechnology (Semester-IV)

BT-MBTP544
Research Project
Credits: 0-0-3
Maximum Marks: 75

To give the students sufficient experience and proficiency in the research methodology and to enable them
to carry out independent research, projects will be assigned to the students as per individual interest and
availability of specialized faculty. The project report will be submitted in the form of dissertation. The
project will be presented for evaluation at the end of semester and viva voce examination will be conducted.
It will be graded as Satisfactory/Not Satisfactory. However, the final viva voce or presentation will be of 75
marks.

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M. Sc. Biotechnology (Semester-IV)

BT-MBTP545

Educational Tour/Industrial
Visit
Credits: 0-0-2
MaximumMarks: 50

To enrich students‟ learning experiences and to help them to acquire practical knowledge about the subject,
industrial visits will be arranged by the Department. The students are required to submit written report about
the visit at the end of semester. Viva voce will be conducted.

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