COMPUTATION:

FORMULAS USED:

𝐿𝑎𝑡 = (𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡)(𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑎) Wherein,

or 𝐿𝑎𝑡 is the latitude of the given station
𝐿𝑎𝑡 = (𝐿)(𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔) a is the bearing angle
eq.1:LATITUDE L is the length of AB

𝐷𝑒𝑝 = (𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡)(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑎) Wherein,

or Dep is the departure of the given station
𝐷𝑒𝑝 = (𝐿)(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔) a is the bearing angle
Eq.2: DEPARTURE L is the length of AB

Wherein,
−1 𝑑𝑒𝑝 a is the bearing angle
𝑎 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑙𝑎𝑡 Dep is the departure of the given station
eq.3: BEARING
lat is the latitude of the given station

Wherein,
L is the length of AB
2 2 lat is the latitude of the given station
𝐿 = 𝑙𝑎𝑡 + 𝑑𝑒𝑝 dep is the departure of the given station
eq.4: DISTANCE

Wherein,
LEC is the linear error of closure
2 2
𝐿𝑒𝑐 = 𝐶𝐿 + 𝐶𝐷 𝐶 is the closure in latitude or the algebraic
𝐿
Or sum of north and south latitudes
𝐶𝐿 𝐶 is the closure in departure or the
𝐷
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ϕ = 𝐶𝐷 algebraic sum of east and west departures
eq.5: LINEAR ERROR OF CLOSURE
ϕ is the bearing angle of the side of error

𝐿𝐸𝐶 Wherein,
𝑅𝑃 = 𝑝 a is the bearing angle
Dep is the departure of the given station
eq.6: RELATIVE PRECISION lat is the latitude of the given station

𝑑 Wherein,
𝐶𝑙 = 𝐶𝐿 𝐷 𝐶 is the correction to be applied to the
𝑙
Or latitude of any course
𝑑
𝐶𝑑 = 𝐶𝐷 𝐷 𝐶 is the total closure in latitude or the
𝐿
eq.7: COMPASS RULE
algebraic sum of north and south latitudes
 𝐶𝑑 is the correction to be applied to the
departure of any course
𝐶 is the total closure in departure or the
𝐷
algebraic sum of east and west departures
d is the latitude of the given station
D is the length of any course
D is the length of the perimeter of the traverse

Wherein,
2 2 L is the adjusted length of a course
𝐿' = (𝑙𝑎𝑡') + (𝑑𝑒𝑝') lat is the adjusted latitude of a course
eq.8: ADJUSTED LENGTH AND
DIRECTIONS dep is the adjusted departure of a course

Wherein,
𝐶 is the correction to be applied to the
𝑙
latitude of any course
𝐶 is the correction to be applied to the
𝑑
departure of any course
𝐶 is the total closure in latitude or the
𝐿
𝑙𝑎𝑡 (𝐶𝐿)
algebraic sum of north and south latitude
𝐶𝑙 = Σ𝑁𝐿−Σ𝑆𝐿 (Σ𝑁𝐿 + Σ𝑆𝐿 )
Or 𝐶𝐷 is the total closure in departure or the
𝑑𝑒𝑝 (𝐶𝐷)
𝐶𝑙 = Σ𝐸𝐿−Σ𝑊𝐿 algebraic sum of east and west departures
eq.9: TRANSIT RULE (Σ𝐸𝐷 + Σ𝑊𝐷 )
Σ𝑁𝐿 is the summation of north latitudes
Σ𝑆𝐿 is the summation of south latitudes
Σ𝐸𝐷 is the summation of east departures
Σ𝑊𝐷 is the summation of west departures

DA = DPD (Departure)
Wherein,
Or DA is the double area
𝐴 = 2 (Σ𝐸𝐷𝐴 + Σ𝑊𝐷𝐴) DPD is the double parallel area
1
Dep is the departure of the given station
A is the area of any polygons
eq.10: AREA COMPUTATION BY DPD
(DOUBLE PARALLEL DISTANCE)

Wherein,
DA = DMD (Latitude)
Or DA is the double area
1 DMD is the double meridian area
𝐴 = 2 (Σ𝑁𝐷𝐴 + Σ𝑆𝐷𝐴) Lat is the latitude of the given station
 A is the area of any polygons
eq.11: AREA COMPUTATION BY DMD
(DOUBLE MEDIAN DISTANCE)

Computation of Latitude and Departure

Line Distance Bearing Latitude Departure

1 -2 96.49m S 11°25' E - 94.58 +19.10

2-3 79.79m S 72°03' W - 24.59 -75.91

3-4 43.61m N 7°19' W +43.25 -5.55

4-5 40.72m S 72°03' W -12.55 -38.74

5-6 18.57m S 87°06' W -0.94 -18.55

6-7 31.67m N 62°16' W +11.33 -28.03

7-8 9.19m N 12°57' W +8.96 -2.06

8-9 107.30m S 78°11' W -22.11 -105.03

9-10 99.35m N 19°53' E +93.43 +33.79

10-11 196.85m N 89°54' E +0.34 +196.85

11-12 11.62m S 44°00' E -8.36 +8.07

12-1 82.58m N 66°01' E +33.57 +45.66

Σ 817.74 27.75 29.60

Calculations of 𝐿𝑎𝑡 = (𝐿)(𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔)
LATITUDE
using Distance 𝑙𝑎𝑡1−2 = (96. 49 𝑚)(𝑐𝑜𝑠 11°25' ) = 94. 58
and Bearing 𝑙𝑎𝑡2−3 = (79. 79 𝑚)(𝑐𝑜𝑠 72°03' ) =24.59
𝑙𝑎𝑡3−4 = (43. 61 𝑚)(𝑐𝑜𝑠 7°19' ) =43.25
𝑙𝑎𝑡4−5 = (40. 72 𝑚)(𝑐𝑜𝑠 72°03' ) =12.55
𝑙𝑎𝑡5−6 = (18. 57 𝑚)(𝑐𝑜𝑠 87°06' ) =0.94
𝑙𝑎𝑡6−7 = (31. 67 𝑚)(𝑐𝑜𝑠 62°16' ) = 11. 33
𝑙𝑎𝑡7−8 = (9. 19 𝑚)(𝑐𝑜𝑠 12°57' ) =8.96
𝑙𝑎𝑡8−9 = (107. 30 𝑚)(𝑐𝑜𝑠 78°11' ) =22.11
𝑙𝑎𝑡9−10 = ( 99. 35𝑚)(𝑐𝑜𝑠 19°53' ) =93.43
𝑙𝑎𝑡10−11 = (196. 85 𝑚)(𝑐𝑜𝑠 89°54' ) =0.34
𝑙𝑎𝑡11−12 = (11. 62 𝑚)(𝑐𝑜𝑠 44°00' ) = 8. 36
𝑙𝑎𝑡12−1 = (82. 58 𝑚)(𝑐𝑜𝑠 66°01' ) =33.57

Calculations of 𝐷𝑒𝑝 = (𝐿)(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔)

DEPARTURE
using Distance 𝑑𝑒𝑝1−2 = (96. 49 𝑚)(𝑠𝑖𝑛 11°25' ) = 19.10
and Bearing 𝑑𝑒𝑝2−3 = (79. 79 𝑚)(𝑠𝑖𝑛 72°03' ) =75.91
𝑑𝑒𝑝3−4 = (43. 61 𝑚)(𝑠𝑖𝑛 7°19' ) =5.55
𝑑𝑒𝑝4−5 = (40. 72 𝑚)(𝑠𝑖𝑛 72°03' ) =38.74
𝑑𝑒𝑝5−6 = (18. 57 𝑚)(𝑠𝑖𝑛 87°06' ) =18.55
𝑑𝑒𝑝6−7 = (31. 67 𝑚)(𝑠𝑖𝑛 62°16' ) = 28. 03
𝑑𝑒𝑝7−8 = (9. 19 𝑚)(𝑠𝑖𝑛 12°57' ) =2.06
𝑑𝑒𝑝8−9 = (107. 30 𝑚)(𝑠𝑖𝑛 78°11' ) =105.03
𝑑𝑒𝑝9−10 = ( 99. 35𝑚)(𝑠𝑖𝑛 19°53' ) =33.79
𝑑𝑒𝑝10−11 = (196. 85 𝑚)(𝑠𝑖𝑛 89°54' ) =196.85
𝑑𝑒𝑝11−12 = (11. 62 𝑚)(𝑠𝑖𝑛 44°00' ) = 8. 07
𝑑𝑒𝑝12−1 = (82. 58 𝑚)(𝑠𝑖𝑛 66°01' ) =45.66

Calculations of
LEC using 2 2
𝐿𝑒𝑐 = 𝐶𝐿 + 𝐶𝐷
Sum of
Latitude and 2 2
Departure 𝐿𝑒𝑐 = 27. 75 + 29. 60
𝐿𝑒𝑐 =40. 57
Calculations of 𝐿𝐸𝐶
Relative 𝑅𝑃 = 𝑝
Precision 40.57
using LEC and 𝑅𝑃 = 817.74
Total Length
of a Traverse 𝑅𝑃 = 0. 05% or 4057/81774

Computation of Latitude and Departure

Lin Distanc Bearing Latitud Depart Lat Dep Cort’d Cort’

e e e ure Corr Corr Lap Dep

1 -2 96.49m S 11°25' E - 94.58 +19.10 +3.23 -3.49 -91.34 15.61

2-3 79.79m S 72°03' W - 24.59 -75.91 +2.67 +2.89 27.48 -73.02

3-4 43.61m N 7°19' W +43.25 -5.55 -1.46 +1.58 42.15 -3.97

4-5 40.72m S 72°03' W -12.55 -38.74 +1.36 +1.47 +11.19 27.55

5-6 18.57m S 87°06' W -0.94 -18.55 +0.62 +0.67 +0.27 -18.23

6-7 31.67m N 62°16' W +11.33 -28.03 -1.06 +1.15 12.48 -26.88

7-8 9.19m N 12°57' W +8.96 -2.06 -0.31 +0.33 9.29 -1.73

8-9 107.30 S 78°11' W -22.11 -105.03 +3.59 +3.88 -18.23 -101.15

m

9-1 99.35m N 19°53' E +93.43 +33.79 -3.32 -3.60 90.11 89.83

0

10- 196.85 N 89°54' E +0.34 +196.8 -6.58 -7.13 -6.24 189.72

11 m 5

11- 11.62m S 44°00' E -8.36 +8.07 +0.39 -0.42 - 8.78 7.65

12

12- 82.58m N 66°01' E +33.57 +45.66 -2.27 -2.99 31.30 42.67

1

Σ 817.74 27.75 29.60

Calculations Σ𝑙𝑎𝑡 =
for
CORRECTION −94.58−24.59+43.25−12.55−0.94+11.33+8.96−22.11+93.43+0.34−8.36+
of Latitudes 33.57= 27.35
Positive means N lat exceeds S lat, which means latitude corrections are subtracted from
the north latitude and added to the South latitude
 96.49
1 − 2 = 27. 35 ( 817.74𝑚 ) =3.23
79.79
2 − 3 = 27. 35 ( 817.74𝑚 ) =2. 67
43.61
3 − 4 = 27. 35 ( 817.74𝑚 ) =1. 46
40.72
4 − 5 = 27. 35 ( 817.74𝑚 ) =1. 36
18.57
5 − 6 = 27. 35 ( 817.74𝑚 ) =0. 62
31.67
6 − 7 = 27. 35 ( 817.74𝑚 ) =1. 06
9.19
7 − 8 = 27. 35 ( 817.74𝑚 ) =0. 31
107.30
8 − 9 = 27. 35 ( 817.74𝑚 ) =3. 59
99.35
9 − 10 = 27. 35 ( 817.74𝑚 ) =3. 32
196.85
10 − 11 = 27. 35 ( 817.74𝑚 ) =6. 58
11.62
11 − 12 = 27. 35 ( 817.74𝑚 ) =0. 39
82.54
12 − 1 = 27. 35 ( 817.74𝑚 ) =2.76

Reasoning:
3.23+2.67+1.46+1.36+0.62+1.06+0.31+3.32+6.58+0.39+2.76 = 27.35

Calculations 96.49
for
1 − 2 = 29. 60 ( 817.74𝑚 ) =3.49
CORRECTED 79.79
2 − 3 = 29. 60 ( 817.74𝑚 ) =2. 89
of Departure
43.61
3 − 4 = 29. 60 ( 817.74𝑚 ) =1. 58
40.72
4 − 5 = 29. 60 ( 817.74𝑚 ) =1. 47
18.57
5 − 6 = 29. 60 ( 817.74𝑚 ) =0. 67
31.67
6 − 7 = 29. 60 ( 817.74𝑚 ) =1. 15
9.19
7 − 8 = 29. 60 ( 817.74𝑚 ) =0. 33
107.30
8 − 9 = 29. 60 ( 817.74𝑚 ) =3. 88
99.35
9 − 10 = 29. 60 ( 817.74𝑚 ) =3. 60
196.85
10 − 11 = 29. 60 ( 817.74𝑚 ) =7. 13
11.62
11 − 12 = 29. 60 ( 817.74𝑚 ) =0. 42
82.54
12 − 1 = 29. 60 ( 817.74𝑚 ) =2.99