CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY

Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Design and Implementation Modular Wind Electricity Generator for LED Lighting

System

A Research Proposal Presented to the

Faculty of College of Teacher Education
Cagayan State University

In partial Fulfilment for the Requirements for the

Degree of Bachelor of Technical Vocational Teacher of Education
Major in Electronics Technology
 CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

INTRODUCTION

The Background of the Study

The need for power consumption has been largely increasing due to the

advancement of living standards” (Chien, J.; Tseng, K.; Yan, B. 2011). The world's

increasing demand for power is slowly depleting our reservoirs for future generations. In

response to the global crisis, we tend to look for alternative ways for electricity

production. The worldwide production of electricity still largely depends on fossil fuels

(60%), according to the study, the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) reported a 2%

rise in energy consumption in 2022, reaching 35.86 million tons of oil equivalent (Leyco,

C., 2022). Due to population growth and increasing urbanization, energy demand will

continue to rise, with the Energy Information Administration (EIA) predicting a 50% rise

in worldwide power usage from 2018 to 2050 (IEO, 2019). Since fossil fuels such as

gasoline and coal emit harmful gases that negatively impact the environmental pollutant,

economic inflation, health issues, and global issues. Additionally, concerns on climate

change caused by carbon dioxide emissions from current energy sources, such as coal,

along with the potential shortage in the future (Brown and Brooks, 2010). Fossil fuel is a

non-renewable source, thereby causing environmental degradation and depletion of our

natural resources. Subscription to such will be detrimental to our ecology and impose a

threat to environmental sustainability.

The Philippines is moving to the preservation of nature, promulgated Republic

Act 9513, otherwise known as Act promoting the development, utilization, and

commercialization of renewable energy resources, and/or other purposes. This is to

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Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

mainstream the source of power production in the country to more ecological renewable

sources. This acts to accelerate the exploration and development of renewable energy

sources, to encourage the development, and utilization of such sources to reduce harmful

emissions, establish necessary infrastructure, and to carry out the mandate of the Act.

Renewable energy is the fastest-growing source of electricity generation in the world,

which is recognized in pursuing the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). This

considerable growth in the renewable energy sector is contributing to environmental

conservation and, most importantly, providing affordable energy to remote rural

communities in developing countries. This non-conventional energy was the cheapest,

widely available, renewable, and posed minimal damaging effects to the environment. It

can be used to cover a great part of the energy needs of most places without resorting to

fossil energy sources, thereby saving more energy and fostering protection to the

ecological system.

Wind energy is one type of renewable energy that can help meet the Philippines’

growing needs of electricity, which is essential for the country's continued growth. Small-

scale wind energy is gaining popularity in urban and remote areas, has lower investment

costs, and is suitable for household use with a 10 KW power. Philippines has a very large

capacity of wind energy amounting up to 9 GW/gigawatts (Gavino, R.B., et al., 2007). As

the Philippines aims for 15. 3 GW of renewable energy capacity in the grid by 2030, the

country needs a more diversified approach to transitioning its grid and supplying power

to a growing population.

Scientists and researchers successfully designed several wind turbine prototypes

that worked really well with the site conditions. Turbines function as one large energy

transfer between wind power and electrical power through various internal processes
 CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

within the structure itself. This kinetic wind energy must first be transformed into

rotational mechanical energy through the turbine’s large set of aerodynamic rotor blades.

The rotor will turn and rotate an internal shaft that must connect to the motor of the

turbine directly or through a system of gears and belts. The motor’s sole purpose is to

translate this mechanical energy into electrical energy (Jacob, C.B., 2022), which then

can be circuited to an LED lightning system.

In this study, a prototype is designed and implemented for a module wind

generator system as an alternative source of electricity. This is installed to generate and

charge the battery, which will eventually be used to power up the LED lighting system

and other power recipient appliances with short loads. This project requires a small DC

motor as a generator, lightweight blades, a charging circuit, a backup battery system,

LED lights, a base, and a support structure. The design and steps for implementation and

testing parameters for the system in outdoor conditions.

 CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Statement of the Problem

The Philippines has a growing economy and population, which puts constant

pressure on the country’s energy supplies. According to the study, the Philippine

Statistics Authority (PSA) reported a 2% rise in energy consumption in 2022, reaching

35.86 million tons of oil equivalent Mtoe (Leyco, C., 2022). This conventional energy

source, derived from ancient fossilized organic matter, has limited, non-renewable

resources used for centuries to meet energy needs and is not naturally replenished. The

exploit of conventional energy caused unbeneficial consequences.

Design and implementation of a modular wind electricity generator system that is

scalable, efficient, and cost-effective, enabling easy installation and maintenance in

various locations with varying wind conditions. This system should incorporate

innovative technology to maximize energy production, optimize performance, and ensure

reliability operations while minimizing environmental impact.

 CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Formulation of Hypothesis

Null hypothesis: Implementing a modular wind electricity generator design will

lead to an increase in efficiency, scalability, and cost-effectiveness compared to

conventional electricity generators.

Alternative hypothesis: Implementing a modular wind electricity generator design will

not lead to increased efficiency, scalability, and cost-effectiveness compared to

conventional electricity generators.

Research Paradigm

Wind Generator
INPUT

Procurement of materials
Simulation of circuit
PROCESS Site / field testing

LED lightning system

OUTPUT
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Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Objective of the Study

The researcher aimed to design and implement a fully functional prototype of a small-

scale modular wind electricity generator for LED lighting systems. The study seeks to

achieve specifically the following;

 Design a modular wind electric generator for an LED lighting system.

 Implement the design to determine the empirical evidence of wind electricity

generation to harvest wind energy.

 Test the efficiency of the device to power LED lighting systems.

 Assess the cost effectiveness of the small-scale modular wind electricity

generator.
 CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Significant of the Study

The importance of the study in designing and implementing modular wind

electricity generation for LED lightning systems will benefit the following:

 Students Researcher: can gain hands-on experience with renewable

energy technologies, learning about electricity generation, and sustainable

practices.

 CSU Administration- to develop academic policy in the integration of

renewable energy in the curriculum.

 Community: these often lack reliable access to power grids. A modular

wind electricity generator can provide a renewable energy source for

lightning.

 Government: the government could further promote an energy efficiency

program to implement and projects to reduce non-conventional waste.

 Policymakers: can formulate policy for renewable energy sources and

sustainable ecology.

 Research Adopter: this field will offer opportunities for innovation and

future development in renewable energy, leading to advancement,

efficiency, and integration.

 CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Scope and Delimitation

This study is limited to the design and implementation of a modular wind

electricity generator for an LED lighting system and the creation of a fully functional

prototype.
 CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature

The research aims to design a modular wind generator for an LED lightning

system, offering efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and technical benefits over conventional

power generation (Dairy Sulaiman, R. et al., 2010). Wind turbines convert wind energy

into mechanical and electrical energy, promoting sustainability and a green, renewable

energy resource. Wind power generation utilizes vast wind resources, attracting attention

as a clean energy source that minimizes harmful substance emissions and gaining

attention due to its competitiveness and potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions,

contributing to the energy transition” (Vargas, S.A. et al., 2019).

Climate change has prompted a shift towards cleaner energy sources, such as

wind energy. However, the industry's future depends on the impact of climate change on

wind and monsoons, which are also affected by climate change (Silang, A., et al., 2014).

The Philippines' renewable energy transition aims to ensure energy security, reduce

import reliance, boost local economic development, promote investment, and create jobs.

In 2018, the Department of Energy established a Renewable Energy Trust Fund to

accelerate renewable energy transition through research and development. The

government has pledged to aid the private sector in completing renewable energy projects

in the Philippines to boost capacity. Wind energy is a clean, sustainable, and affordable

source of energy (Krishnan, A. et al., 2023), because wind energy projects don't harm the
 CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

environment, use fewer fossil fuels, and can be integrated into open spaces or coastal

areas without affecting natural habitats, they are becoming more and more popular.

The Philippines, a Southeast Asian country with significant renewable energy

production and development, faces challenges in implementation despite the Renewable

Energy Act of 2008, including governance issues and a lack of coordination (Bautista,

M.B., et al, 2019). Specially Philippines faces energy supply and security challenges due

to blackouts, prompting bipartisan calls for energy system transformation. Climate action

is crucial for energy supply, security, and job creation (Apanada, M.J. et al., 2021). The

Philippines has the potential to install 21 gigawatts of offshore wind power by 2040,

reducing its dependence on fossil fuels. Renewable energy only accounted for 21% of the

energy mix in 2020, with solar, wind, and biomass accounting for less than 4%. The

government aims to increase renewable energy share to 35% by 2030 and 50% by 2040

(Reuters, 2022).

Wind power is gaining attention from governments and private institutions due to

its competitiveness and potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It also diversifies

energy mixes, particularly in countries with hydropower. However, understanding its

variability is crucial for reducing uncertainties (Vargas, S.A., et al., 2019). Philippines

has established its first wind turbine research laboratory in Iloilo City, funded by DOST-

PCIEERD, to enhance renewable energy policies, assess island communities' potential,

and offer testing services (DOST-PCIEERD, 2022). The Philippines' wind power sector,

accounting for 1.6% of the country's installed capacity, has seen significant growth, with

installations increasing from 33MW in 2012-2013 to 443MW in 2019-2021. The

Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Plan aims to commission 2,345MW

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Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

of total wind power capacity by 2030. However, COVID has moderately affected the

industry, causing delays in projects.

The study makes use of a variety of statistics, including wind speed, terrain, land

use, population density, and infrastructure availability, to optimize the selection of wind

power plant sites in the Philippines through the application of machine learning

techniques (Cerna, PD., et al, 2023). The paper presents a comprehensive wind energy

resource atlas for the Philippines, identifying good wind resource areas and understanding

wind characteristics, revealing 76,000 megawatts of potential, primarily in the northern

and central regions (Elliot, D., 2000). Using the Weibull distribution and the regional

climate model RegMC3, wind energy projection is presented in this work. It focuses on a

wind farm in Pililla, Rizal, Philippines, a commercially feasible site. The research

evaluates Puerto Princesa City's wind energy potential using the Weibull distribution

function. The wind structure and power density are determined, with a moderate potential

for utility-scale rural power applications. The study presents a Bayesian approach for

wind resource assessment, comparing two-parameter and three-parameter Weibull

distributions. Simulations show Bayesian method is more robust for accurate parameter

estimation, particularly in tropical regions (Silang, A., et al, 2014).

A Filipino researcher, Sherdon Niño Uy is developing a tool to aid in decision-

making for the placement of small-scale wind turbines in various Philippine cities, with

energy demand, especially in the south, where brownouts occur frequently. These

brownouts could be caused by summer heat and depleting energy supplies. By

eliminating expensive and unsustainable power barges, renewable energy sources like
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Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

wind power may solve this problem and guarantee economic growth. This would lessen

the likelihood of a red alert occurring on the Luzon grid (Froese, M., 2016).

CHAPTER III
Research Methodology

The following main methodological step were conducted in carrying out the

study:

 A review, field survey, and analysis of energy demand for modular wind

electricity generator for LED lightning system of past relevant applications were

carried out.

 Analysis and assessment of the modular wind electricity generate potential energy

at the geographical location of the experimental setup were conducted.

 An estimate modular wind turbine size and design system were made.

 The experiments and measurements were performed to check the success of the

operation of modular wind electricity generator for LED lightning system.

 The HOMER software was used in order to check the economic feasibility of the

modular wind electricity generator for LED lightning system.

Design and Performance Analysis

to calculate the clean electrical power value produces from the wind turbine, the

following equation is used [10]:

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Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

P=1/2PCPAwv3

Where P is the wind electrical power, p is the air density, Cp is the wind turbine power

coefficient, Aw is the wind turbine blades swept area, and v is the wind speed. To calculate

the wind turbine powers it required to feed the load of the LED lightning system, Eq 2 is

used [11]:

𝑊𝑇𝐶 = 𝜋 /2 × 𝑟 2 × 𝑣 3 × 𝜌 × n

Where the WTC is the wind turbine capacity, r is the (Banki turbine) radius, and n is the

efficiency.

To calculate the battery amperage, the following equation is used [13]:

𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 𝐷𝐻𝐿×𝐴𝐷 𝐵𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠×𝐷𝑂𝐷×𝑁𝑉

where BAC is the battery amperage capacity, DHL is the daily hour load, AD IS THE

autonomy days, DOD is the depth of discharge, BLoss is the battery loss factor, and NV is

the battery’s nominal voltage. The charge control current, CCC, is calculated using the

equation:

𝐶𝐶𝐶 = (𝑁𝑆)(𝑆𝐶𝐶)(𝐿𝐹)

Where NS is the number of strings, SCC is the short circuit current, and LF is the average

losses.

Experimental Procedure and Setup

Based on the measured wind data at the site,

 CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION