PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
AMT 1105 –AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES AND
LANDING GEARS
Finals Learning Module 1:
AIRCRAFT
LANDING GEAR
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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
TABLE OF CONTENT PAGE TIME
NO. ALLOTMENT
Conventional gear or Tailwheel Type of Gear 3
Tricycle Gear Type of Landing Gear 4 10 mins
The tricycle-type main landing gear arrangement 5
Landing Gears Nomenclature 6
Nose Landing Gear 7 10mins
Main Landing Gear 8
Enrichment Activity 9 30 mins
TABLE OF REFERENCE
Website:[Link] Aviation Maintenance Technician Handbook-Airframe, Volume 1(2012)
US Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration
[Link]
LEARNING OUTCOMES
COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME MODULE LEARNING OUTCOME
TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOME
CLO 1. Discuss the value MLO 1. Discuss the
and development of importance and the main TLO1. Identify, distinguish
aircraft structures. role of landing gear in and label different types
CLO 6. Differentiate the aircraft. and arrangement of an
types, arrangement, and MLO 2. Identify and aircraft landing gear.
classification of aircraft distinguish the types of
landing gears. aircraft landing gear
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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
LANDING GEARS
The landing gear supports the aircraft during landing and while it is on the ground.
Simple aircraft that fly at low speeds generally have fixed gear. This means the gear
is stationary and does not retract for flight. Faster, more complex aircraft have
retractable landing gear. After takeoff, the landing gear is retracted into the
fuselage or wings and out of the airstream.
Landing gear must be strong enough to withstand the forces of landing when the
aircraft is fully loaded. In addition to strength, a major design goal is to have the
gear assembly be as light as possible.
There are two basic configurations of airplane landing gear:
Conventional gear or Tailwheel Gear and the Tricycle [Link]
gear or Tailwheel Gear
Tailwheel gear dominated early aviation and therefore has become known as
conventional gear. In addition to its two main wheels which are positioned under
most of the weight of the aircraft, the conventional gear aircraft also has a smaller
wheel located at the aft end of the fuselage. Often this tail wheel can be steered
tail off the ground. As speed increases further, the two main wheels under the
center of gravity are very stable.
The increased clearance of the forward fuselage offered by tail wheel-type landing
gear is also advantageous when operating in and out of non-paved runways.
Today, aircraft are manufactured with conventional gear for this reason and the
weight savings accompanying the relatively light tail wheel assembly.
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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Tricycle Gear
Tricycle gear is the most prevalent landing gear configuration in aviation. In
addition to the main wheels, a shock-absorbing nose wheel is at the forward end of
the fuselage. Thus, the center of gravity is then the forward of the main wheels. The
tail of the aircraft is suspended off the ground and a clear view straight ahead
from thecockpit is given.
The tricycle-type landing gear is used on large and small aircraft with the
following benefits:
1. Allows more forceful application of the brakes without nosing over when braking,
which enables higher landing speeds.
2. Provides better visibility from the flight deck, especially during landing and
ground maneuvering.
3. Prevents ground-looping of the aircraft. Since the aircraft center of gravity is
forward of the main gear, forces acting on the center of gravity tend to keep the
aircraft moving forward rather than looping, such as with a tail wheel-type landing
gear.
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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
The main gear on a tricycle-type landing gear arrangement is attached to a
reinforced wing structure or fuselage structure. The number and location of wheels
on the main gear vary. Much main gear has two or more wheels.
The nose gear of a few aircraft with tricycle-type landing gear is not controllable.
It simply casters as the steering is accomplished with differential braking during
taxi. However, nearly all aircraft have steerable nose gear. On light aircraft, the
nosegear is directed through mechanical linkage to the rudder pedals.
Heavy aircraft typically utilize hydraulic power to steer the nose gear.
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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
The tricycle-type landing gear arrangement consists of many parts and assemblies.
These include air/oil shock struts, gear alignment units, support units, retraction and
safety devices, steering systems, wheel and brake assemblies, etc.
Landing Gears Nomenclature:
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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
NLG DOORS
A lock collar can be installed on each door actuator when the aircraft is on the
ground to prevent closure. Four doors and a fixed fairing close the NGL bay.
The two forward doors are hydraulically operated. Each door has hinges at the
side of the NGL and closes inward at the front of the bay. The two aft door has
hinges at their outer edge. Adjustable rods connect the rear doors to the NGL
leg. The fixed fairing is installed at the rear of the NGL leg.
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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
MGL DOORS
Three doors close each MGL bay and protect the equipment in the bay.
The MGL doors are hydraulically operated. Each main door is hinged at the keel
beam. The fairing door is attached to the MGL leg. The hinged door is connected
to the MGL leg through an adjustable rod. A lock collar can be installed on each
door actuator when the aircraft is on the ground to prevent closure.
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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY:
ACTIVITY:
I. For your activity, you have to articulate the advantage and disadvantages
ofusing Tail wheel Gear Type and Tricycle gear Type
of Landing gear.
Tailwheel Gear Type
Advantage Disadvantage
Tricycle gear Type
Advantage Disadvantage
II. Landing Gears Nomenclature:
Based on the given figure in this module for the Landing Gear Nomenclature give
the function and description of each nomenclature.
III. Guided Question
Some of the early aircraft designs use a skid rather than a tail wheel type of landing
gears, why do you think most manufacturers prefer to use skids, and what is it
thatthe tail wheel type has to offer for them to switch with this type of landing gear.
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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
ACADEMIC HONESTY
Philippine State College of Aeronautics values integrity, honor, and respect in all
endeavors, both personally and professionally. Thus, the faculty at Philippine State College
of Aeronautics wishes to help our students maintain the highest academic standards of
honesty; therefore, it is expected that a student’s academic work be of his/her own making.
Despite the increased use of collaborative learning and other forms of group work (e.g.,
labs, study groups, group projects), each student must remain accountable for his/her work,
whether it be work individual or group assignments or tests. We recognize that the vast
majority of students maintain highly ethical work standards; however, failure to abide by this
standard of conduct is considered to be academic dishonesty.
TYPES OF ACADEMIC DISHONESTY
• Copying from others on a quiz, test, examination, or assignment (“cheating”);
• Allowing another student to copy one’s work on a quiz, test, exam, or assignment;
• Having others take any exam instead of taking the exam oneself;
• Buying or using a term paper or research paper from an internet source or other
company or taking any work of another, even with permission, and presenting the
work as one’s own;
• Excessive revising or editing by another that substantially alters the student’s final
work;
• Giving other students information that allows the student an undeserved advantage
on an exam, such as telling a peer what to expect on a makeup exam or prepping a
student for a test in another section of the same class;
• Taking and using the words, work, or ideas of others and presenting any of these as
one’s work is plagiarism. This applies to all work generated by another, whether it be
oral, written, or artistic work. Plagiarism may either be deliberate or unintentional, but
it must be avoided at all costs.
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