Practice Problem Set 9
Topics: Method of Substitution, Integration by Parts, Areas and Average Value
1. Evaluate the following integrals:
Z
(a) esin x cos x sin2 xdx Answer: esin x (sin2 x − 2 sin x + 2) + C
Z √
x
√
x
√
(b) e dx Answer: 2e ( x − 1) + C
Z 4√
16 28
(c) ln 4 −
t ln tdt Answer:
1 3 9
5
Z
(x + x − 1) 1
(d) 3
dx Answer: x3 − ln |x + 1| + C
(x + 1) 3
Z πq
4 1
(e) 1 − cos(4t)dt Answer: √
0 2
Z 2
(x + 1) 4
(f) √ dx Answer:
1 x+2 3
Z π
(g) | cos(2x)|dx Answer: 2
0
Z
x
(h) sin(ln x)dx Answer: [sin(ln x) − cos(ln x)] + C
2
Z
x2
(i) dx Answer: x − tan−1 x + C
1 + x2
Z √
(j) sin−1 xdx Answer: x sin−1 x + 1 − x2 + C
π
Z
cos x
2
(k) dx Answer: ln 2
0 1 + sin x
Z
1
(l) sec5 x tan xdx Answer: sec5 x + C
5
2. (a) Show that
Z Z
n n n−1
x cos xdx = x sin x + nx cos x − n(n − 1) xn−2 cos xdx ,
where n ≥ 2 is an integer.
Z π
2
(b) Use part (a) to evaluate x6 cos xdx.
0
6 4 2
π π π
Answer: (b) − 30 + 360 − 720
2 2 2
Z 125 Z 5
3. (a) If f is an even function and f (x)dx = 3, determine the value of x5 f (x6 )dx.
0 −5
Z 125 Z 5
(b) If f is an even function and f (x)dx = 3, determine the value of x2 f (x3 )dx.
0 −5
Answers: (a) 0, (b) 2
1
Z π Z π
2 2
4. Show that f (cos x)dx = f (sin x)dx. Assume that f (x) is continuous on [−1, 1].
0 0
5. Assume that f (x) is continuous on [−1, 1].
(a) By making the substitution u = π − x, show that
Z π
πZπ
xf (sin x)dx = f (sin x)dx .
0 2 0
Z π
x sin x
(b) Use part (a) to evaluate the integral dx.
0 1 + cos2 x
π2
Answer: (b)
4
Z k
dx 1
6. Let I(k) = √ . Show that I(k) = I(1) for k 6= 0.
0 4
x +k 4 k
Z 1
7. Let In = xn e−x dx where n = 0, 1, 2, · · ·.
0
(a) Evaluate I0 .
1
(b) Show that 0 ≤ In ≤ .
n+1
(c) Use part (b) to deduce n→∞
lim In .
1
(d) Show that In = nIn−1 − .
e
1
Answers: (a) 1 − , (c) 0
e
Z π
2
8. Let In = cosn xdx where n is a positive integer.
0
(a) Show that nIn = (n − 1)In−2 .
In
(b) Use part (a) to evaluate lim .
n→∞ In−2
Answer: (b) 1
Z b Z a
9. Suppose that f is a continuous function satisfying f (ax)dx + f (bx)dx = c for
Z0 ab 0
some constants a, b, c with a 6= 0 and b 6= 0. Let I = f (x)dx.
0
(a) Determine I in terms of c if a = 2, b = 4.
(b) Determine I in terms of c if a = 3, b = 6.
4c
Answers: (a) I = , (b) I = 2c
3
2
10. (a) Show that the area of the region lying below y = 4x − x2 and above y = 2x for
x ∈ [0, 2] can be represented by the following integrals:
Z 2 Z 4
y q
(4x − x2 − 2x)dx , −2+ 4 − y dy .
0 0 2
√ of the region lying above the x-axis, below y = x for x ∈ [0, 1]
(b) Show that the area
and below y = 2 − x for x ∈ [1, 2] can be represented by the following integrals:
Z 1 Z 2√ Z 1
xdx + 2 − xdx , (2 − y 2 − y)dy .
0 1 0
11. Sketch the region enclosed by the given curves and find its area:
x2
y= , y = 2x2 , x + y = 3 , x ≥ 0 .
4
3
Answer:
2
12. Find the area of the region lying inside the ellipse x2 + 4y 2 = 4 and outside (below)
x2 3π 1
the parabola y = √ and include a sketch. Answer: −
8 2 3
13. Determine the value of m such that the line y = mx divides the area under the curve
y = x(1 − x) and above the x-axis into two regions of equal areas.
1
Answer: m = 1 − √ 3
2
14. Let A denote the area of the “triangular” region bounded by the functions y = ln x,
y = ln(1 − x) and y = b for b ≥ 0. Sketch this region and determine the area A.
Answer: A = 2eb − b − (1 + ln 2)
Z 3
15. (a) If f is a continuous function and f (x)dx = 8, show that there exists c ∈ [1, 3]
1
such that f (c) = 4.
(b) Find the mean value of the function
(
1 + 3x2 for x ≥ 0
f (x) =
cos x for x < 0
π
over the interval − , 2 .
2
22
Answer: (b)
4+π
16. Let f be a continuous function. If fave [a, b] denotes the average value of f on the
interval [a, b] and a < c < b, show that
(c − a) (b − c)
fave [a, b] = fave [a, c] + fave [c, b] .
(b − a) (b − a)
