Senior High School

Statistics and Probability

Second Semester (Midterm) – Module 4.1
Areas under the Standard Normal Curve

1
 COPYRIGHT 2021

Section 9 of the Presidential Decree No. 49 provides:

“No copy shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines.
However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall
be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.”

The original version of this material has been developed in the Schools Division of Surigao del
Norte through the Learning Resource Management and Development Section of the Curriculum
Implementation Division. This material can be reproduced for educational purposes; modified for the
purpose of translation into another language; and creating of an edited version and enhancement of
work are permitted, provided all original work of the author and illustrator must be acknowledged and
the copyright must be attributed. No work may be derived from any part of this material for commercial
purposes and profit.
This material has been approved and published for online distribution through the Learning
Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS) Portal ([Link] and
Division Network Academy ([Link]

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Maricel V. Odog

Editor: Rednil C. Labi
Reviewers: Noe V. Behagan, Blesila P. Mahanlud, Arlene C. Giducos
Illustrator: Danilo L. Galve
Layout Artists: Ivan Paul V. Damalerio, Alberto S. Elcullada, Jr.
Management Team: Ma. Teresa M. Real
Leonevee V. Silvosa
Dominico P. Larong, Jr.
Gemma C. Pullos
Manuel L. Limjoco, Jr.

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Schools Division of Surigao del Norte

Office Address: Peñaranda St., Surigao City

Tel. No.: (086) 826-8216
E-mail Address: [Link]@[Link]

i
 Senior High School

Statistics and Probability

Second Semester (Midterm) – Module 4.1
Areas under the Standard Normal Curve

ii
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Statistics and Probability Self-Learning Module on Areas under
the Standard Normal Curve!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators
both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their
personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and
circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help

you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their
own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Statistics and Probability Self-Learning Module on Areas under
the Standard Normal Curve!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

0
Areas under the Standard Normal Curve
CONTENT STANDARD
The learners demonstrate understanding of key concepts of normal probability
distribution.

PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The learner is able to accurately formulate and solve real-life problems in different
disciplines involving a normal distribution.

LEARNING COMPETENCY:
• Identifies regions under the normal curve corresponding to different standard
normal values. ( M11/12SP-IIIc-3)

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
1. Identify the regions under the normal curve corresponding to different
standard normal values.
2. Recognize the importance of the Standard Normal Curve Table in finding
the area under the normal curve.
3. Sketch the normal curve illustrating the required regions.

INTRODUCTION
The most important of all continuous probability for a real-valued random variable
is the Normal Distribution. There are many normal distributions. A normal distribution with
a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1 is called a Standard Normal Distribution.
The areas under the bell-shaped curve can be found using the Areas under the Standard
Normal Curve Table.

This module is designed to easily understand on how to identify regions under the
normal corresponding to different standard normal values. It will help the learners on how
to use the table of areas under the standard normal curve.

1
PRE-TEST
Name: ________________________ Date: ____________

Grade Level & Section: _____________ Score: ___________

Directions: Find out how much you already know about this module. Encircle the letter
that you think best answers the question. Please answer all items. Take note of the items
that you were not able to answer correctly and find the correct answer as you go through
this module.

1. What is the total area under the normal curve in a standard normal distribution?
A. 0
B. 1
C. ∞
D. not defined

2. What is the area under the normal curve between z = 1.52 and z = 2.5?
A. 0.0581
B. 0.4357
C. 0.4938
D. 0.9295

3. Find the area under the standard normal curve to the left of z = 2.32.
A. 0.0102
B. 0.4898
C. 0.5
D. 0.9898

4. The area to the right of the mean in a normal distribution is indicated by which of the
following?
A. 0
B. 0.5
C. 1
D. the variance of the distribution

5. What is the area of the shaded region under the standard normal curve?

A. 0.0212

B. 0.1292

C. 0.1504

D. 0.8489

2
6. IQ scores are normally distributed with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15.
Liza’s IQ score is found to be 110. Find the z-score corresponding to this value.
A. -1.33
B. -0.67
C. 0.67
D. 1.33

7. Assume that the salaries of Senior High School Teachers in Philippines is P 32,000
and a standard deviation of P3,000. If a teacher is selected at random, find the probability
that he or she makes less than 28,000.
A. 0.0918
B. 0.2113
C. 0.9827
D. 0.9981

8. What is the area of the shaded region under the standard normal curve?
A. 0.309

B. 0.3438

C. 0.6562

D. 1.309

9. It measures how many standard deviation a given value (x) is above or below the
mean.
A. mean
B. raw score
C. standard deviation
D. standard score

10. On a final examination in statistics, the mean was 70 and the standard deviation was
9. Assuming that the scores are normally distributed, determine the standard score of a
student who got a score of 88.
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

3
11. Lyca scored 90 in a Mathematics test and 70 in a Biology test. Scores in the
Mathematics test have a mean of 80 and a standard deviation of 10. Scores in the Biology
test have a mean of 60 and a standard deviation of 8. In which subject was her standing
better assuming that the scores in her Mathematics and Biology test are normally
distributed?
A. Her standing in Mathematics and Biology are the same.
B. Her standing in Biology was better than her standing in Mathematics.
C. Her standing in Mathematics was better than her standing in Biology.
D. None of the above

12. In an English test, the mean score is 45 and the standard deviation is 4. Assuming
normality, what is the probability that a score picked at random will lie above score 50?
A. 0.0401
B. 0.1056
C. 0.3944
D. 0.4599

13. Find the area of the shaded region under the standard normal curve.
A. 0.0823

B. 0.0968

C. 0.9032

D. 0.9177

14. Find the probability of z occurring in the shaded region.

A. 0.0344

B. 0.4656

C. 0.9656

D. 0.9772

15. The body temperatures of adults are normally distributed with a mean of 98.6 0F and
a standard deviation of 0.19 0F. What temperature represents the 95% percentile?
A. 98.840F
B. 98.870F
C. 98.910F
D. 98.970F

4
REVIEW OF THE PREVIOUS MODULE
In the previous module you have learned on how to illustrate a normal curve and
its characteristics. The knowledge and skills will help you understand the procedures on
how to identify regions under the normal curve. As a review, perform the activity below
and answer the guided questions. Consider the given figures and compare the graphs.

Figure 1. Normal Distribution with Different Means Figure [Link] Distribution with Same Means but
but Same Standard Deviation Different Standard Deviation

Source: [Link]

Questions:
1. How would you describe the two normal curves on each figure?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

2. Compare the two graphs.

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

5
PRESENTATION OF THE NEW MODULE
The previous activity provides you with an opportunity to strengthen your
understanding on the characteristics of a normal curve. These characteristics will be your
guide to identify the regions or areas under the normal curve.

In the next activity, you will be comparing two z-scores under the standard normal
curve. Identifying regions from the mean to z score or between two z-scores under the
normal curve is a skill which you need to develop further in order for you to understand
the lesson.

ACTIVITY
Harvesting Time!

Imagine that you harvested with a mango that weighs 110 grams and an avocado
that weighs 100 grams. Assume that the weights of mango and avocado follow a normal
distribution with the following parameter values and graph below.

Source: [Link] Source. [Link] Source: [Link]

Avocado -1.6 Mango 0.667

Avocado Mango

Mean
100 110
weight
Standard
25 15
Deviation

Source:[Link] Figure 3. Comparing an Avocado to Mango using Z-Scores

6
ANALYSIS

1. How did you find the activity?

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

2. How would you compare the weight of a mango to the weight of an avocado?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

3. How would you describe the graph comparing an avocado to a mango using z-
scores?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

ABSTRACTION

The standard normal values or z scores are useful in comparing observed values.
A positive z-score indicates that the score or observed value is above the mean which is
50% of the region under the curve, whereas a negative z-score indicates that the score
or observed value is 50% below the mean.
Figure 1, as shown below illustrates the standard normal curve.

50% 50%
50%
below the 50%
above
below
Mean above
the
the the
Mean
mean mean

Areas under the standard normal curve can be found using the areas under the
standard Normal Curve Table. These areas are regions under the normal curve.

7
z 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
0 0 0.0040 0.0080 0.0120 0.0160 0.0199 0.0239 0.0279 0.0319 0.0359
0.1 0.0398 0.0438 0.0478 0.0517 0.0557 0.0596 0.0636 0.0675 0.0714 0.0753
0.2 0.0793 0.0832 0.0871 0.0910 0.0948 0.0987 0.1026 0.1064 0.1103 0.1141
0.3 0.1179 0.1217 0.1255 0.1293 0.1331 0.1368 0.1406 0.1443 0.1480 0.1517
0.4 0.1554 0.1591 0.1628 0.1664 0.1700 0.1736 0.1772 0.1808 0.1844 0.1879
0.5 0.1915 0.1950 0.1985 0.2019 0.2054 0.2088 0.2123 0.2157 0.2190 0.2224
0.6 0.2257 0.2291 0.2324 0.2357 0.2389 0.2422 0.2454 0.2486 0.2517 0.2549
0.7 0.2580 0.2611 0.2642 0.2673 0.2704 0.2734 0.2764 0.2794 0.2823 0.2852
0.8 0.2881 0.2910 0.2939 0.2967 0.2995 0.3023 0.3051 0.3078 0.3106 0.3133
0.9 0.3159 0.3186 0.3212 0.3238 0.3264 0.3289 0.3315 0.3304 0.3365 0.3389
1.0 0.3413 0.3438 0.3461 0.3485 0.3508 0.3531 0.3554 0.3577 0.3599 0.3621
1.1 0.3643 0.3665 0.3686 0.3708 0.3729 0.3749 0.3770 0.3790 0.3810 0.3830
1.2 0.3849 0.3869 0.3888 0.3907 0.3925 0.3944 0.3962 0.3980 0.3997 0.4015
1.3 0.4032 0.4049 0.4066 0.4082 0.4099 0.4115 0.4131 0.4147 0.4162 0.4177
1.4 0.4192 0.4207 0.4222 0.4236 0.4251 0.4265 0.4279 0.4292 0.4306 0.4319
1.5 0.4332 0.4345 0.4357 0.4370 0.4382 0.4394 0.4406 0.4418 0.4429 0.4441
1.6 0.4452 0.4463 0.4474 0.4484 0.4495 0.4505 0.4515 0.4525 0.4535 0.4545
1.7 0.4554 0.4564 0.4573 0.4582 0.4591 0.4599 0.4608 0.4616 0.4625 0.4633
1.8 0.4641 0.4649 0.4656 0.4664 0.4671 0.4678 0.4686 0.4693 0.4699 0.4706
1.9 0.4713 0.4719 0.4726 0.4732 0.4738 0.4744 0.4750 0.4756 0.4761 0.4767
2.0 0.4772 0.4778 0.4783 0.4788 0.4793 0.4798 0.4803 0.4808 0.4812 0.4817
2.1 0.4821 0.4826 0.483 0.4834 0.4838 0.4842 0.4846 0.4850 0.4854 0.4857
2.2 0.4861 0.4864 0.4868 0.4871 0.4875 0.4878 0.4881 0.4884 0.4887 0.4890
2.3 0.4893 0.4896 0.4898 0.4901 0.4904 0.4906 0.4909 0.4911 0.4913 0.4916
2.4 0.4918 0.4920 0.4922 0.4925 0.4927 0.4929 0.4931 0.4932 0.4934 0.4936
2.5 0.4938 0.4940 0.4941 0.4943 0.4945 0.4946 0.4948 0.4949 0.4951 0.4952
2.6 0.4953 0.4955 0.4956 0.4957 0.4959 0.4960 0.4961 0.4962 0.4963 0.4964
2.7 0.4965 0.4966 0.4967 0.4968 0.4969 0.4970 0.4971 0.4972 0.4973 0.4974
2.8 0.4974 0.4975 0.4976 0.4977 0.4977 0.4978 0.4979 0.4979 0.4980 0.4981
2.9 0.4981 0.4982 0.4982 0.4983 0.4984 0.4984 0.4985 0.4985 0.4986 0.4986
3.0 0.4987 0.4987 0.4987 0.4988 0.4988 0.4989 0.4989 0.4989 0.4990 0.4990
3.1 0.4990 0.4991 0.4991 0.4991 0.4992 0.4992 0.4992 0.4992 0.4993 0.4993
3.2 0.4993 0.4993 0.4994 0.4994 0.4994 0.4994 0.4994 0.4995 0.4995 0.4995
3.3 0.4995 0.4995 0.4995 0.4996 0.4996 0.4996 0.4996 0.4996 0.4996 0.4997
3.4 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4998
Figure 4. Standard Normal Table

8
Example 1
Find the area between z = 0 and z = 1.72
Solution:
➢ Step 1. Sketch the normal curve.

Since 1.72 is positive. It is

somewhere to the right of 0.

0 1.72

➢ Step 2. Locate the area for z = 1.72 from the Areas under the Standard Normal
Curve table. Proceed down the column marked z until you reached 1.7. Then
proceed to the right along this row until you reach the column marked 2. The
intersection of the row that contains 1.7 and the column marked 2 is the area.
The area is 0.4573.
z 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
0 0 0.0040 0.0080 0.0120 0.0160 0.0199 0.0239 0.0279 0.0319 0.0359
0.1 0.0398 0.0438 0.0478 0.0517 0.0557 0.0596 0.0636 0.0675 0.0714 0.0753
0.2 0.0793 0.0832 0.0871 0.0910 0.0948 0.0987 0.1026 0.1064 0.1103 0.1141
0.3 0.1179 0.1217 0.1255 0.1293 0.1331 0.1368 0.1406 0.1443 0.1480 0.1517
0.4 0.1554 0.1591 0.1628 0.1664 0.1700 0.1736 0.1772 0.1808 0.1844 0.1879
0.5 0.1915 0.1950 0.1985 0.2019 0.2054 0.2088 0.2123 0.2157 0.2190 0.2224
0.6 0.2257 0.2291 0.2324 0.2357 0.2389 0.2422 0.2454 0.2486 0.2517 0.2549
0.7 0.2580 0.2611 0.2642 0.2673 0.2704 0.2734 0.2764 0.2794 0.2823 0.2852
0.8 0.2881 0.2910 0.2939 0.2967 0.2995 0.3023 0.3051 0.3078 0.3106 0.3133
0.9 0.3159 0.3186 0.3212 0.3238 0.3264 0.3289 0.3315 0.3304 0.3365 0.3389
1.0 0.3413 0.3438 0.3461 0.3485 0.3508 0.3531 0.3554 0.3577 0.3599 0.3621
1.1 0.3643 0.3665 0.3686 0.3708 0.3729 0.3749 0.3770 0.3790 0.3810 0.3830
1.2 0.3849 0.3869 0.3888 0.3907 0.3925 0.3944 0.3962 0.3980 0.3997 0.4015
1.3 0.4032 0.4049 0.4066 0.4082 0.4099 0.4115 0.4131 0.4147 0.4162 0.4177
1.4 0.4192 0.4207 0.4222 0.4236 0.4251 0.4265 0.4279 0.4292 0.4306 0.4319
1.5 0.4332 0.4345 0.4357 0.4370 0.4382 0.4394 0.4406 0.4418 0.4429 0.4441
1.6 0.4452 0.4463 0.4474 0.4484 0.4495 0.4505 0.4515 0.4525 0.4535 0.4545
1.7 0.4554 0.4564 0.4573 0.4582 0.4591 0.4599 0.4608 0.4616 0.4625 0.4633

9
 Example 2. Find the area between z = 1.2 and z = 2.4

Solution:

➢ Step 1. Sketch the normal curve

0 1.2 2.4

➢ Step 2. Let A = area between z = 1.2 and z = 2.4

A1 = area between z = 0 and z = 1.2
A2 = area between z = 0 and z = 2.4
From the table
A1= 0.3849
A2= 0.4918
A = A2 – A1
= 0.4918 – 0.3849
A = 0.1069
Hence, the area between z = 1.2 and z = 2.3 is 0.1069.

Example 3. Find the area between z = -1.38 and z = 2.95.

➢ Step 1. Sketch the normal curve

;

A
A
A1
2

-1.38 0 2.95

➢ Step 2. Let A = area between z = -1.38 and z = 2.95

A1= area between z = 0 and z = -1.38
A2 = area between z = 0 and z = 2.95

10
 From the table,
A1 = 0.4162
A2 = 0.4984
A = A1 + A 2
` A = 0.4162 + 0.4984
A = 0.9146
Hence, the area between z = -1.38 and z = 2.95 is 0.9146.
Example 4. Find the area to the left of z = -1.42.

➢ Step 1. Sketch the normal curve.

A
A
1

-1.42 0
➢ Step 2. Let A = area to the left of z = -1.42
A1= area between z = 0 and z = -1.42
A2 = area of the half curve
From the table,
A1 = 0.4222
A = A2 – A1
` A = 0.5 - 0.4222
A = 0.0778
Hence, the area to the left of z = -1.42 is 0.0778

POINTS TO PONDER

Study the different cases below to have a clear picture on how to get the area under
the normal curve.

CASE 1. Area between 0 and

any z score.

The area reading in the z-

score tables is the required
probability.

11
 CASE 2. Area in any tail

Find the area given for

the z-value in the z-score table.
Subtract the area found from
0.5000 to find the probability.

CASE 3. Area between two z

scores on the same side of
the mean.

Find the areas given for

both the z values in the table.
Subtract the smaller area from
the larger area to get the
probability.

CASE 4. The area between two z

values on opposite sides of the
mean.
Find the areas given for both the
z values given in the table. Add the two
areas found from the z-score table to
arrive on the probability.

CASE 5. The area to the left of a

positive Z score.
Find the area given for the z value in
the table.

Add 0.5000 to the area found from the

z-score table to get the probability.

12
 CASE 6. To find the area to the right
of a negative z score.
Find the area given for the z value in
the table.
Add 0.5000 to the area found from the
z-score table to get the probability.

CASE 7. Area in both the tails

formed by two different z scores.
Find the areas corresponding to the
two z-scores. Subtract both the areas
from 0.5000. Add the answers got in
the previous step to arrive on the
probability.

[Link]

What to PROCESS

Exercise 1.

Identify the regions under the normal curve of the following standard normal values
using Areas under the Normal Curve Table (refer to page 9 of this module).

1. z = 1.95 ___________ 4. z = 2.58 ____________

2. z = -3.15 ___________ 5. z = 1.89 ____________

3. z = 2.98 ___________

13
Exercise 2

Find the area under the normal curve in each of the following cases. Sketch and
label each curve.
1. Between z = 0 and z = 1.63

2. Between z = -0.76 and z = 1.35

3. To the right of z = 2.35

4. To the left of z = -1.85

APPLICATION
Find the area of the following normal curve occurring in the indicated region.

1. 2.

14
ENRICHMENT
Find the sum of the areas under the standard normal curve to the left of z = -3.08
and to the right of z = 2.45. Sketch and label each curve.

15
ANSWER KEY

Pre Test Review of the Previous Module

1. B
2. A 1. Answer may vary
3. A
Possible Answer: The graphs are compared based
4. B
5. C on the characteristics of the normal curve.
6. C
7. A 2. Answer may vary
8. C Possible Answer: They are centered at different
9. D positions on the horizontal axis. They are bell-
10.B shaped curve. They are symmetrical and asymptotic
11.B
to the horizontal axis.
12.B
13.B Activity
14.C 1. Answer may vary
15.C 2. Answer may vary
Possible Answer: Comparing the raw scores, it shows
that the weight of a mango is more than the weight of
an avocado.
3. Answer may vary
Possible Answer: Comparing using their z–scores, it
shows that the z score for the mango is positive which
is to the right of 0 while the avocado is negative which
is to the left of 0.

EXERCISE 1.

1. Area= 0.4744 2. A= 0.6879

2. Area= 0.4992 0.76 1.35
3. Area= 0.4986

4. Area= 0.4951 3. A =0 .0094

5. Area = 0.4706 2.35

Exercise 2. 4. A= 0.0322
-1.85

1. Area = 0.4484
0 1.63

16
Application

1. Area =0.2776
2. Area = 0.4332

Enrichment

Aq
Area 1 Area 2

-3.08 0 2.45

Area = Area 1 + Area 2 = 0.001 + 0.0071 = 0.0081

17
REFERENCES
Books:

MERCADO, J. P. (n.d.). STATISTICS & PROBABILITY. QUEZON CITY: PHOENIX

PUBLISHING HOUSE, INC.

Online Resources:

[Link]
[Link] [Link].

18
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Surigao del Norte

Peñaranda St., Surigao City
Surigao del Norte, Philippines 8400
Tel. No: (086) 826-8216
Email Address: [Link]@[Link]

19