NOTES

FOR
CLASS 10TH
(2023- 2024)
 Unit 1
COMMUNICATION SKILLS
Multiple choice questions
Read the questions carefully and circle the letter(s) (a), (b), (c) or (d) that best
question. (Note: There can be more than one correct choice)
1. Which of the following is NOT an element of communication within the
communicationprocess cycle?
(a) Channel
(b) Receiver
(c) Sender
(d) Time
Ans: Time
2. You need to apply leave at work? Which method of communication will you use?
(a) e-mail
(b) Poster
(c) Newsletter
(d) Blog
Ans: E-Mail
3. By which action can senders send their messages?
(a) Gestures
(b) Speaking
(c) Reading
(d) Writing
(e) Ans: Reading
4. Which of the following is an example of oral communication?
(a) Newspapers
(b) Letters
(c) Phone call
(d) e-mail
(f) Ans: phone call
5. What are the types of words we should use for verbal communication?
(a) Acronyms
(b) Simple
(c) Technical
(d) Jargons
Ans: Simple
6. Why do we use e-mails?
(a) To communicate with many people at the same time.
(b) To share documents and files.
(c) To talk to each other in real-time.
(d) To keep a record of communication.
Ans: All of the above
7. Which of these are examples of positive feedback?
(a) Excellent, your work has improved.
(b) I noticed your dedication towards the project.
(c) You are always doing it the wrong way.
(d) All of the above
Ans: All of the above
 8. Which of these are examples of negative feedback?
(a) I hate to tell you this but your drawing skills are poor.
(b) You can surely improve your drawing.
(c) This is a good drawing but you can do better.
(d) None of the above
Ans: I hate to tell you this but your drawing skills are poor.

9. Which of the following are effective components of a good feedback?

(a) Detailed and time consuming
(b) Direct and honest
(c) Specific
(d) Opinion based
Ans: Direct and Honest , Specific (B & C)
10. Which of these is NOT a common communication barrier?
(a) Linguistic barrier
(b) Interpersonal barrier
(c) Financial barrier
(d) Organisational barrier
Ans: Financial barrier
11. Which of these are ways to overcome communication barriers?
(a) Respecting each other’s differences
(b) Using a translator
(c) Not communicating at all
(d) Using your own language for comfort
Ans: Using your own language for comfort

B. Subjective question
1. Write down the common communication barriers you may come across when you move
to a new city or country.
Ans:
Linguistic barriers: The inability to communicate using a language is known as language
barrier to communication.
Cultural barriers: A cultural barrier is when people of different cultures are unable to
understand each other’s customs, resulting in inconveniences and difficulties. People sometimes
make stereotypical assumptions about others based on their cultural background; this leads to
difference in opinions and can be a major barrier to effective communication

Question No 2- List the different types of verbal communication. Include examples for each
verbalcommunication type.
Ans:
Interpersonal Communication: This form of communication takes place between
twoindividuals and is thus a one-on-one conversation. It can be formal or informal.
Examples
1. A manager discussing the performance with an employee.
2. Two friends discussing homework.
3. Two people talking to each other over phone or video call.
Written Communication: This form of communication involves writing words. It can be
letters, circulars, reports, manuals, SMS, social media chats, etc. It can be between two or
more [Link]
1. A manager writing an appreciation e-mail to an employee.
2. Writing a letter to grandmother enquiring about health.
 Small Group Communication: This type of communication takes place when there are
more thantwo people involved. Each participant can interact and converse with the rest.
Examples
1. Press conferences
2. Board meetings
3. Team meetings
Public Communication: This type of communication takes place when one individual
addresses alarge gathering.
Examples
1. Election campaigns
2. Public speeches by dignitaries
Q1. What do you mean by feedback? Let‟s take a scenario. Radha is your co-worker. Together you are making a report on
how to manage the waste in your store. Since she has not finished her part of the report on time, the whole report has got
delayed and the manager has given you both a warning. Write down the feedback you would like to give your co-worker on
managing time. Try to keep the feedback specific and polite.
Ans: Feedback is the information about reactions to a product, a person's performance of a task, etc. which is used as a
basis for improvement.
You are doing good in the project Since
You have limited time left for the project to complete
Utilize the time properly
If you will properly manage the time you will do much better than me
Multiple choice questions
Read the questions carefully and circle the letter (a), (b), (c) or (d) that best an
question.
1. Which of these is a positive (good) facial expression?
(a) Frowning while concentrating
(b) Maintaining eye contact
(c) Smiling continuously
(d) Rolling up your eyes
Ans: Maintaining eye contact
2. What does an upright (straight) body posture convey or show?
(a) Pride
(b) Professionalism
(c) Confidence
(d) Humility
Ans: confidence
3. Which of these is NOT an appropriate non-verbal communication at work?
(a) Keeping hands in pockets while talking
(b) Talking at moderate speed
(c) Sitting straight
(d) Tilting head a bit to listen
Ans: keeping hands in pocket while talking
4. Which of the following statement is true about communication?
(a) 50% of our communication is non-verbal
(b) 20% communication is done using body movements, face, arms, etc.
(c) 5% communication is done using voice, tone, pauses, etc.
(d) 7% communication is done using words
Ans: 7% communication is done using words
Put an X mark against the actions below which are examples of bad non-verbal communication.
• Laughing during formal communication x
• Scratching head
• Smiling when speaking to a friend x
• Nodding when you agree with something
• Standing straight
• Yawning while listening x
• Sitting straight
• Maintaining eye contact while speaking
• Biting nails x
• Firm Handshake
• Clenching jaws x
• Looking away when someone is speaking to you x
• Intense stare x
B. Subjective question
Draw any five common signs used for Visual Communication.
Explain what each conveys and where did you see it?
Ans:
 Session 6: Writing Skills — Parts of Speech
Multiple choice questions
1. In which of the following, the underlined word is an adjective?
(a) Radha has a red dress.
(b) I can speak French.
(c) The Girl on the Train is a best-seller.
(d) Abdul can swim fast.
Ans: A&C
2. Which of these sentences is capitalised correctly?
(a) Ravi and i are going to the movies.
(b) Salim is visiting India in july.
(c) The Tiger is a strong animal.
(d) She is arriving on Monday.
Ans: C & D
3. Which of these sentences are punctuated correctly?
(a) When is the party.
(b) I had bread omelette and a Banana for breakfast.
(c) I am so excited about my first foreign trip!
(d) This is Abdul’s notebook.
Ans: C & D
4. In which of these sentences can you find an adverb?
(a) Divya drinks milk every day.
(b) Sanjay gifted me a new pen.
(c) I opened the door lock.
(d) Sita is 5-feet tall
Ans: (A)
A. Multiple choice questions
1. Identify the object, verb and subject in the sentence, ‘The car crashed into a tree.’
(a) Object: a tree; Verb: crashed; Subject: the car
(b) Object: The car; Verb: crashed; Subject: a tree
(c) Object: crashed; Verb: the tree; Subject: the car
(d) Object: crashed; Verb: the car; Subject: the tree
Ans: A
2. Identify the indirect object in the sentence, ‘The band played music for the audience.’
(a) The band
(b) played
(c) music
(d) audience
Ans: D
3. Which of these is an imperative sentence?
(a) Switch off the fan.
(b) Sheila has gone to the market.
(c) Where are my pen colours?
(d) Oh no! I missed my flight.
Ans: A
4. Which of these sentences is in active voice?
(a) A movie is being watched by them.
(b) The car was repaired by Raju.
(c) He is reading a book.
(d) The thief was being chased by a
policeman.
Ans: C
Subjective questions
1. Write two sentences of each type of sentence — statement, question, exclamatory and order.
Declarative Sentence provides information or states a fact.
Always ends with a ‘full-stop’ (‘.’).
Question or Interrogative Sentence asks question
Always ends with a question mark (‘?’).
Emotion/Reaction or Exclamatory Sentence expresses a strong emotion.
Always ends with an exclamation mark (‘!’).
Order or Imperative Sentence shows an order, command, request or advice.
Can end with a full stop or an exclamation mark (‘.’ or ‘!’).

B. Fill in the blanks 1.

Fill correct nouns and verbs from the given options to complete the sentence
In table given below.

a. The boy is swimming. b. The children are playing.

c. The students are writing. d. Rahim is driving the car.
e. Ms Sen is teaching. f. The cat is eating.
 Unit 2
SELF-MANAGEMENT SKILLS
Multiple choice questions
Read the questions carefully and circle the letter(s) (a), (b), (c) or (d)
that best answers the question.
1. What makes you complete work or studies without others cheering you?
(a) Self-confidence
(b) Communication
(c) Self-motivation
(d) Self-esteem
Ans: C
2. Which of the following are types of motivation?
(a) Internal
(b) Intermediate
(c) External
(d) Extens
ive
Ans: A
and C
3. Ravi works hard to get the best student award at the end of year. What type of
motivation isthis?
(a) Internal
(b) External
(c) Both internal and external
(d) Not any specific type of motivation
Ans: B
Subjective questions
Q.1 Describe stress and stress management in your own words?
Stress can be defined as our emotional, mental, physical and social reaction to any perceived
demands or threats. Managing stress is about making a plan to be able to cope effectively with
daily pressures. The ultimate goal is to strike a balance between life, work, relationships,
relaxation and fun. By doing this, you are able to deal with daily stress triggers and meet these
challenges head on.
Q.2 List your favorite stress management technique and elaborate why you find it the most
effective.
Time management: Proper time management is one of the most effective stress relieving
techniques.
Healthy diet: Having a healthy diet will also help you reduce stress. Eating a balanced diet, such
as Dal, Roti, vegetables and fruits will give you the strength to do your daily work efficiently.
Organizing academic life; no delaying: By keeping class notes organized, finishing in
assignments on time, and keeping track of all deadlines, stress can be reduced to a great extent.
Sleep: We should get a good night’s sleep for atleast 7 hours so that your brain and body get
recharged to function better the next day.

1. What is Goal Setting?

Ans: It is all about finding and listing your goals and then planning on how to achieve them.
In SMART goals, what does ‘S’ stand for? Explain.
Ans Specific
A specific and clear goal answers six questions. Who is involved in the goal?
What do I want to do? Where do I start? When do I start and finish? Which means do
I use? Whyam I doing this?
Specific goal: “I would learn to speak English fluently by joining coaching classes
after my school every day, and in six months I will take part in the inter-school
debate competition.”
Q.3 what is the best way to work on long-term goals?
Breaking down big goals into smaller parts will make the goal achievable.
Long term goal: “I want to become a teacher in my school.” Breaking it into smaller
goals:
ƒ. Complete higher secondary
ƒ. Complete Graduation
ƒ. Complete [Link].
ƒ. Apply for jobs in the teaching field

SESSION 5: SELF-REGULATION — TIME MANAGEMENT

Q1. What is time management and how can you manage your time?
Time management is the ability to plan and control how you spend the hours of
your day well and do all that you want to do. An example of good time management
skills would be when you decide to finish your homework immediately after school so
you have time to watch TV later in the evening.
Tips for Practicing Time Management:
• Avoid delay or postponing any planned activity
• Organize your room and school desk
• Develop a „NO DISTURBANCE ZONE‟, where you can sit and complete important tasks
• Use waiting time productively
• Prepare a „To-do‟ list
• Prioritize
• Replace useless activities with productive activities
Q2. How can tracking your time help you?
We identify and note where we have spent our time. This will help us analyze if we have
used our time effectively or not. It also helps us to identify time wasting activities
 Unit 3
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY SKILLS (ICT SKILLS)
Multiple choice questions
Read the questions carefully and circle the letter (a), (b),(c) or (d) that
best answers the question.
1. Which of the following functions is not performed using a mouse?
(a) Turn on
(b) Hover
(c) Right click
(d) Drag and Drop
Ans: A
2. What is the term used when you press and hold the left mouse key and move the
mousearound?
(a) Highlighting
(b) Dragging
(c) Selecting
(d) Moving
Ans: B
3. Here are the steps that take place when starting a computer. Rearrange the steps in the
correctorder.
(a) Desktop appears after login
(b) Login screen appears
(c) Power on Self-Test (POST) starts
(d) Operating system starts
(e) Welcome screen appears
(e) Ans: C>>D>>E>>B>>A
A. Subjective questions

Q.1:- What is the function of the ENTER key?

Ans: The label on this key can be either ENTER or RETURN, depending on the brand
of computer that you are using. You use the ENTER or the RETURN key to move the cursor
to thebeginning of a new line. In some programs, it is used to send commands and to confirm a
task on a computer
Q.2:- How will you prevent others from using your computer?
Ans: When we login to the computer with your login-ID and password the computer knows that you are
an authorized person and allows us to work on the applications in the computer. Once we finish working, we
must log out or sign out so that no one else can see our work.

Multiple choice questions

1. Which one of the following shortcut keys is used to paste a file?
(a) Ctrl + c
(b) Ctrl + p
(c) Ctrl + v
(d) Ctrl + x
Ans: C
2 Which of the following is a valid file extension for Notepadfile?
(a) .jpg
(b) .doc
(c) .text
(d) .txt
Ans: D
3. What keys do you use to copy something?
(a) Ctrl+x
(b) Ctrl+c
(c) Ctrl+z
(d) Ctrl+y
Ans: B

B. Subjective questions
Q.1:- How is a computer file system similar to our physical file system in a school?
Ans: In any school (or office), each teacher has a separate cabinet where they keep the
files of different students or classes on separate shelves. Similarly, information on a
computer is storedin electronic files, which can be put into separate folders. It is easier to
manage the electronic files as they can be simply copied, moved, renamed or even deleted.
Q.2:- What are the steps you will perform to save a text file in Ubuntu?
Ans:- To save the file click Save In the Save As dialog box, browse to the Desktop folder,
typethe name and click save.

SESSION 3: COMPUTER CARE AND MAINTENANCE

Multiple choice questions
Read the questions carefully and circle the letter (a), (b), (c) or (d) that best
answers the question.

1. What happens if you leave a device plugged in even after it is charged 100%?
(a) It can break.
(b) It can stop functioning.
(c) It can over-heat.
(d) Data can get corrupt.
Ans: C
 2. How can an anti-virus protect your device?
(a) It can protect it from over-heating.
(b) It can increase its performance.
(c) It can prevent data from getting corrupt.
(d) It can backup data.
Ans: C

3. Which option is not required to keep a device cool?

(a) Keep the device unplugged when in use.
(b) Do not cover a laptop with a blanket.
(c) Make sure computer’s CPU fan is working.
(d) Avoid leaving the device in the sun.
Ans: C

4. Which of the following is essential for maintaining keyboard?

(a) Turn the keyboard upside down and shake it to remove foreign material.
(b) Blow dust and other particles with help of a blower.
(c) Use a very dilute combination of soap and water applied with a non-abrasive cloth to
removestains from the key caps.
(d) All of the above.
Ans: D

Q.1:- Explain how to clean a computer on a daily basis.

Cleaning a device, such as a computer means to keep the screen, keyboard and mouse clean.
(i) Keyboard: First we should not eat anything over a keyboard. Crumbs can damage the internal
parts of a keyboard. You can clean a keyboard with a soft brush to remove crumbs and dust particles.
(ii) Screen: You can wipe the screen with a soft cloth to remove any finger marks.
(iii) Be careful with food and drinks: Avoid eating and keeping glasses of water or cups of coffee
near a computer. Any liquid spilt over an electronic device can spoil it beyond repair.

Q.2:- How can you increase the performance of a computer?

Ans: If we have been using a computer for a long time we have a lot of unnecessary files and data, such as
temporary files and images. When they use too much hard disk space, the performance of the computer goes
down. It is important that we keep cleaning by removing any extra files. We can use some disk cleaner software,
which help us clean up the unnecessary files.
 SESSION 4 COMPUTER SECURITY AND PRIVACY

Multiple choice questions

Read the questions carefully and circle the letter (a), (b), (c) or (d) that best
answers the question.
1. What should you do to ensure secure online transactions?
(a) Lock your computer
(b) Give credit card or bank details only on safe websites
(c) Use anti-virus
(d) Do not use pirated software
Ans: B
2. Which of the following trap small children into inappropriate relations?
(a) Online predators
(b) Worms
(c) Trojan Horse
(d) Anti-Virus
Ans: A
3. What should a strong password consist of?
(a) Only letters
(b) Numbers and special characters
(c) Name of a person
(d) Letters, numbers and special characters
Ans: D
A. Subjective questions
Q.1:- Explain how Trojan Horse virus works.
Ans: Trojan Horse disguises itself i.e., it appears to be a useful software program but
once itreaches a computer it starts behaving like a virus and destroying data
Q.2:- List the various ways you can use to protect your data.
Ans: -
(a). Use passwords to login to your computer:
(b) Install Anti-virus and Firewall
(c)Encrypt Data
(d)Secure sites
 Unit 4
ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS
A. State whether the following statements are True or False
1. Entrepreneurs can create jobs in the market. True
2. When many entrepreneurs sell mobile phones in a market, the prices of phones increase. False
3. Entrepreneurs identify a need in the market and build a product or service for it. True
Subjective question
Q.1:- List the ways in which an entrepreneur affects a society?
Ans:
1. Full fil customer needs
2. Use local material
3. Create Jobs
4. Sharing of Wealth
5. Lower Price of Products

Session 2: Qualities and Functions of an Entrepreneur

Here are some stories of some entrepreneurs. Tick the option for the
qualityshowing.
1. Ravi’s customer comes to his store and starts shouting at him. He does not get
angry. Helistens to what his customer is saying. He is ___________.

(a) hardworking
(b) confident
(c) patient
(d) prying new ideas
Ans: C
2. Susheela decides to sell her company tyres in Sri Lanka. It does not sell and she has a
[Link] apologises to the people who work for her. She says she will plan better next
time. She ____________________.

(a) takes responsibility for your mistakes

(b) thinks before making a decision
(c) does not give up
(d) is creative
Ans: A
B. Tick the correct option for the function that the entrepreneur is doing.
1. Ali has a diamond factory. He pays his employees on the 1st of every month.
(a) Creates a new product
(b) Manages the business
(c) Takes risk
Ans: B
2. Mary buys bulbs for her business from Noida. She learns that bulbs are cheaper in Faridabad.
So, she decides to start buying bulbs from there.
(a) Makes decisions
(b) Divides income Takes risk
Ans: A
 3. Rehnuma has two people who work for her. Every day, she spends one hour with them to
learn about what they’ve done that day.
(a) Creates a new product
(b) Divides income
(c) Manages the business
Ans C

C. Subjective question
Q.1:- What do you think is the most important function of an entrepreneur? Write
your answergiving suitable examples
A) MAKING DECISIONS:-
This includes what to produce or sell, how much and where to sell.
B), MANAGING THE BUSINESS:-
He/she arranges for raw material, hires people for work and tells everyone what to do. They
also check if the plan is being
C), DIVIDE INCOME:-
Spends money to buy material, pays rent of the building and salaries to people.
D), TAKING RISK:-
An entrepreneur takes risks against fires, lost items and theft.
E) CREATE A NEW METHOD, IDEA OR PRODUCT:-
He/she does this to increase their importance and income.

Q.1:- What is the difference between a misconception and reality? Give an example.
Misconception is a view or opinion that is incorrect because based on faulty thinking or
understanding. Reality is the state of things as they actually exist.
For example if we think tall people run faster than short people, we have a misconception.
It is not true. The truth is that short people can also run fast.

A. Write against the option, if the business idea is of self-employment or wage

(a) Cooking in a restaurant wage employment
(b) Owning a clothing business  self employment
(c) Having a dosa selling stall self employment

B. Match the columns

1. Surabhi opens 5 painting stores across India. a. Enter

2. There are many coaching classes in b Survive

Mumbai. Jacob owns one of them.
He is starting morning batches
to attract more students to his
classes.

3. Salma has started her clothing line c Grow

on the Internet.
Ans:
1C
2B
3A
 Unit 5
GREEN SKILLS

1. How many sustainable development goals are given by the United Nations?
(a) 18
(b) 17
(c) 15
(d) 2
Ans: B
2. Choose the option which defines sustainable development.
(a) Taking care of future generations
(b) Taking care of only ourselves
(c) Taking care of ourselves and the future generations
(d) Well-being of all
Ans: C
3. Which organisation has made the Sustainable Development Goals.
(a) United Nations
(b) League of Nations
(c) UNICEF
(d) World Health Organisation
Ans: A
Subjective questions
Q.1:- What is the meaning of sustainable development?
Sustainable development is the development that satisfies the needs of the present
without compromising the capacity of future generations, guaranteeing the balance
between economicgrowth, care for environment and social well-being.
Q.2:- Why do you think the United Nations has made the 17 Sustainable Development
Goals?
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a universal call of action to end poverty,
protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity. The 17 SDGs have
been made with the aim to take care of important issues facing businesses, governments and
society. Some of these issues are poverty, gender equality, water use, energy, climate change
and biodiversity. Countries are now making policies and regulations that will promote
sustainable systems needed in all economic sectors to provide a secure, affordable and
sustainable economy.

SESSION 2 OUR ROLE IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

1. Which of the following sources of energy is from a renewable source?

(a) Solar energy
(b) Wood
(c) Coals
(d) Petro
Ans: A
2. Choose the option which is not a sustainable development goal according to United Nations.
(a) Clean Water and Sanitation
(b) Gender Equality
(c) Population
(d) Reduced Inequalities
Ans: C

QNo.1. List some ways in which we can use resources sensibly.

Ans
1. Reusing paper, glass, plastic, water, etc.
2. Taking cloth bags to market carrying fruits and vegetables.
3. Donate things we do not use such as clothes, books, furniture, food, etc.
4. Buy and eat seasonal fruits and vegetables from local growers.
5. Repair leaking taps and pipes to avoid wasting water.
6. Sort and treat garbage before disposing.

QNo.2. Explain the importance of education towards sustainable development.

Education is the most important factors for sustainable development. Children who have
gone to school will be able to do jobs so that they can take care of themselves and their families.
Education helps us become aware of our role as a responsible citizen. We should
1. Use the facilities present in our areas.
2. Take our friends to school.
3. Help friends study.
4. Stop friends from dropping out of school