GIVING EXAMPLES
For example
For instance
Namely (concretamente, es decir, a saber):
o “There are two problems: namely, the cost and the time."
ADDING INFORMATION
And
Also
In addition (además)
Additionally (además, asimismo)
o “Additionally, it would reduce your workload significantly”.
Besides (además)
Furthermore (además, es más)
o “Furthermore, it is perfectly legal to do this.”
o También es útil para cuando estás argumentando en un writing y quieres
añadir algo con respecto al argumento que acabas de exponer o al párrafo
anterior, siempre y cuando vayan en la misma línea arguentativa (ambos
a favor o ambos en contra).
Moreover (además, encima)
o He didn’t have his shoes on; moreover, he wasn’t wearing a shirt.”
o También es útil para cuando estás argumentando en un writing y quieres
añadir algo con respecto al argumento que acabas de exponer o al párrafo
anterior, siempre y cuando vayan en la misma línea arguentativa (ambos
a favor o ambos en contra).
In addition to (además de)
o “In addition to the paper itself, I include a full bibliography”.
As well as (además de, así como también)
o “The neighbour brought cake as well as juice”.
SEQUENCING IDEAS
Firstly, secondly, finally/lastly.
In the first place…
The first point is….
The former, the latter (el primero, el ultimo): “I have a dog and a cat. The former
barks while the latter meows.”
The following…
GIVING A REASON
Due to/ due to the fact that (debido a, por el/la)
o “The game was delayed due to bad weather”.
o “The game was delayed due to the fact that it was raining.”
Owing to (debido a, por culpa de)
o They were late, owing to the traffic.”
Because
Because of
In that (porque, ya que)
Since (porque, dado que, ya que)
o “I’ll cook dinner since you are so busy.”
As (porque)
o “I made you some coffee, as you don’t like tea.”
GIVING A RESULT
Therefore (por lo tanto)
So
Consequently
As a result
Hence (por tanto, por consiguiente)
Therefore, so, consequently and as a result are all used in a similar way.
“The companies are expanding. Therefore / So / Consequently / As a result,
they are taking on extra staff.”
So is more informal.
SUMMARIZING
In short
In brief
To summarise
To sum up
To conclude
In conclusion
We normally use these words at the beginning of the sentence to give a summary of
what we have said or written.
CONTRASTING IDEAS
But
However (sin embargo, pero)
But is more informal than however. It is not normally used at the beginning of a
sentence.
“He works hard, but he doesn’t earn much.”
“He works hard. However, he doesn’t earn much.”
Although / even though (aunque, a pesar de que)
o “Although it was cold, she went out in shorts.”
Despite / despite the fact that (a pesar de)
o “Despite all my work, I still failed the exam”.
o “Despite the fact that I had worked a lot, I still failed the exam.”
In spite of /in spite of the fact that (a pesar de)
o “In spite of the cold, she went out in shorts.”
Nevertheless (sin embargo, aun así)
o “She didn’t like the price of the dress. Nevertheless, she bought it.”
Nonetheless (no obstante, sin embargo)
o The company Is doing well. Nonetheless, they aren’t going to expand
this year.
o It was raining, but Rachel went out for her morning run nonetheless.
While
Meanwhile
Whereas (mientras que)
While and whereas are used to show how two things are different from each other.
“While my sister has blue eyes, mine are brown.”
“Taxes have gone up, whereas social security contributions have gone down.”
COMPARISON
a) Starting your comparison
Both of these pictures show…
These two pictures show…
The two situations in these pictures are…
b) Talking about similarities
These two pictures/situations are similar because/in that…
In both pictures we can see…
One similarity between these two pictures/situations is that…
Another similarity might be that…
One thing that these two pictures/situations have in common is that…
One thing that these two pictures share is that…
The most obvious similarity is that…
These two pictures share the fact that…
Both pictures (…) in the same way.
c) Talking about differences
One of the most obvious differences (between these two pictures) is
that…
Another difference is that…
Something that makes these two pictures different is…
What makes these two situations (so/completely) different is…
While/whereas the first picture …, the second one…
The first picture…. However, the second one…
The first picture… whereas the second one…
Although the first picture…., the second one…
On the one hand, the first picture shows… . On the other hand, the
second one…
d) Introducing the answer to the question
As for + paraphrased question
As to + paraphrased question
In relation to the question,…
In response to the question, I’d say that…
Regarding the question of the task,
With regard to + paraphrased question
Regarding/ with regard to (en relación a, con respecto a)
They received 500 letters of complaint regarding the film’s violent
scenes.
Regarding the concerns you have expressed, I can assure you we will
take this into account.
As for (con respecto a, en cuanto a)
As for this guy, I don’t think he is ging anywhere in life.
