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Permutations and Factorials in Math 10

The document outlines a mathematics lesson plan for Grade 10 focusing on permutations and the fundamental principle of counting. It includes objectives, review questions, examples, and activities to help students understand how to calculate permutations and factorials. Additionally, it provides real-life applications and problems for students to solve, reinforcing the concepts taught.

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Jaysel Marabe
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38 views7 pages

Permutations and Factorials in Math 10

The document outlines a mathematics lesson plan for Grade 10 focusing on permutations and the fundamental principle of counting. It includes objectives, review questions, examples, and activities to help students understand how to calculate permutations and factorials. Additionally, it provides real-life applications and problems for students to solve, reinforcing the concepts taught.

Uploaded by

Jaysel Marabe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

PROJECT CLAID (Contextualized and Localized Activities Intended for Distance Learning)

Name : ___________________ Date:____________ Score:__________

MATHEMATICS 10
Quarter 3 – Week 1
Competency: Illustrate the permutation of objects.

Objectives
1. Illustrate the permutation of objects.
2. Evaluate factorial notation.
3. Find the number of permutations of n objects taken r at a time.

Review

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF COUNTING (FPC)

Daniel wants to take a summer class at the community center. The table
shows the class options he is considering. All the classes offered only Monday and
Wednesday. Draw a tree diagram to find the number of different classes and day
outcomes.
CLASS DAY

Swimming Monday

Martial Arts
Basketball
Wednesday

You can use multiplication instead of making a tree diagram to find the number of
possible outcomes in a sample space. This is called the FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE
OF COUNTING.

1. Based on the table, how many classes did he consider?


2. How many days do the given classes offered?

Find the product of the two numbers you found in #1 and #2 .


_________________________________________________________________________
1
Q3 Week No.1 Competency Code: M10SP-IIIa-1
Classes (A) Days (B) Outcomes (A x B)
3 2 6

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF COUNTING

If event M has m possible outcomes and event N has n possible outcomes, then,
event M followed by event N has M x N possible ways.

Count me in!
Answer the following questions:

1. Ten runners join a race. In how many possible ways can they be arranged as
first, second, and third place?

1st 2nd 3rd


Place Place Place

_____ X _____ X _____ =

2. If Jay has 12 T-Shirts, 6 pairs of pants, and 3 pairs of shoes, how many
possibilities can he dress himself up for a day?

______ X _____ X _____ =

3. In how many ways can Aling Rosa arrange 4 potted plants in a row?

____ X _____ X _____ X ____ =

4. How many three-digit numbers can be formed using the digits 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 if:
a. repetition is allowed?
b. repetitions are not allowed?

a.____ X ___ X ___ =

b.____ X ___ X ___ =

Introduction

UNDERSTANDING PERMUTATION

Jose is planning his activity on Saturday. He wants to mow the grass, go swimming,
and do his homework. How many ways are there to arrange what he wants to do on
Saturday?
_________________________________________________________________________
2
Q3 Week No.1 Competency Code: M10SP-IIIa-1
A PERMUTATION is an arrangement, or listing, of objects in which order is important.

Mowing DIFFERENT Swimming


Swimming ORDERS Mowing
Homework Homework

FIND A PERMUTATION
You can use the Fundamental Counting Principle to find the number of permutations.
There are 3 choices for the first activity.
There are 2 choices for the second activity.
There is 1 choice for the third activity.
3 x 2 x 1=6 the number of permutations of the 3 activities.

The number of n permutations taken n at a time is denoted nPn.


The total number of permutations of a set of n object is given by
nPn = n (n-1) (n-2) … 3 ∙ 2 ∙ 1

EXAMPLES:
a. 8P8 = 8 ∙ 7 ∙ 6 ∙ 5 ∙ 4∙ 3 ∙ 2 ∙ 1= 40 320
b. In how many ways can six books be arranged on a shelf?
6P6 = 6 ∙ 5 ∙ 4 ∙ 3 ∙ 2 ∙ 1= 720
c. In how many ways can seven students be arranged in a line?
7P7 = 7 ∙ 6 ∙ 5 ∙ 4 ∙ 3 ∙ 2 ∙ 1= 5 040

FACTORIAL NOTATION
The product 5 ∙ 4 ∙ 3 ∙ 2 ∙ 1 can be written simply as 5! (read as “5 factorial”)

What is Factorial?
Factorial is the product of all positive integers less than or equal to a given
positive integer and denoted by that integer (n) and an exclamation point (!).
Thus n! is read as n factorial.
n! = n (n-1) (n-2) … 3 ∙ 2 ∙ 1 How does n! relate to nPn?

5! = 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 120 Most scientific calculators have a key


4! = 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 24 that calculate factorial. The key will
3! = 3 × 2 × 1 = 6 look like X! or n! depending
2! = 2 x 1 = 2 upon the kind of calculator. For
1! = 1
example to find 4! press 4 key
0! = 1
then press X! ; You will obtain 24.
_________________________________________________________________________
3
Q3 Week No.1 Competency Code: M10SP-IIIa-1
EXAMPLE:

a. 10! =10 ∙ 9 ∙ 8 ∙ 7 ∙ 6 ∙ 5 ∙ 4 ∙ 3 ∙ 2 ∙ 1= 3 628 800


𝟏𝟎! 10 ∙ 9 ∙ 8! 90
b. = = = 15
𝟖!𝟑! 8! 3 ∙ 2 ∙ 1 6

c. 5! 3! = ( 5 ∙ 4 ∙ 3 ∙ 2 ∙ 1)( 3 ∙ 2 ∙ 1) = 720

PERMUTATION OF n OBJECTS TAKEN r AT A TIME

An ice cream shop has 20 flavors. Patrick wants to buy a four-scoop cone with four
different flavors. How many cones could he buy if the order of the flavors is
important?

There are 20 choices for the first scoop, 19 choices for the second scoop,18 choices
for the third scoop, and 17 choices for the fourth scoop.
20 ∙ 19 ∙ 18 ∙ 17 = 116,280 Patrick could buy 116,280 different scoop cones.
Start with 20

20P4 = 20 ∙ 19 ∙ 18 ∙ 17

Use four factors

20∙ 19 ∙ 18 ∙ 17∙16! 20!


Observe that 20∙ 19 ∙ 18 ∙ 17 is equal to or
16! 16!

The number of permutations of a set of n objects taken r at a time is given by


𝒏!
nPr =
(𝒏−𝒓)!

EXAMPLES:
𝟖! 𝟖! 8∙ 7 ∙ 6 ∙ 5 ∙ 4!
a. 8 P 4 = = = = 8 ∙ 7 ∙ 6 ∙ 5 = 1 680
(𝟖−𝟒)! 𝟒! 4!

b. The Philippines is known as the land of beauty queens. Suppose there are 10
contestants in a beauty pageant. How many ways can the top three winners
be selected?

SOLUTION:

𝟏𝟎! 𝟏𝟎! 10∙ 9 ∙ 8 ∙7!


10 P3= = = = 10 ∙ 9 ∙ 8 ∙ 7 = 5 040
(𝟏𝟎−𝟑)! 𝟕! 7!
_________________________________________________________________________
4
Q3 Week No.1 Competency Code: M10SP-IIIa-1
ACTIVITY 1
A. Evaluate each. B. Solve for x.
1. 12! 6. 7 P 3 1. x = 8! 6. P(7,x) = 840
2. 15! 7. 9 P 5 2. x + 3! = 6! 7. 16P4=208 (X P2)
4!
3. 4! + 5! 8. 16 P 16 3. 3𝑥 = 2! 8. P(13,x) = 156
4. 7! 8! 9. 8 P 5 ∙ 10 P 3 4. x– (9 – 4)! = 7! 9. XPX-1 = 6
9!8! P(12,5)
5. 10. 5. X P 2 = 12 10. XP4 = 3(X P3)
10! P(5,2)

How did you find the preceding activity? Was it easy? I am sure it was! Find out
from your peers if you had the same answers or strategies in solving. If not,
discover why? In the next activity, you are going to apply the concept of
permutations to solve real-life problems.

ACTIVITY 2 Direction: Answer each permutation problem completely.

1. A teacher wants to assign 10 different tasks to her 10 students. In how many


possible ways can she do it?

2. President Duterte will conduct a press conference. In how many ways can five
reporters be arranged in a row if they are advised to observe social distancing?

3. A doctor wants to check the six COVID-19 patients in different rooms. In how
many ways can he do it?

4. What is the total number of different permutations of all the letters from the word
MATH?

5. James has downloaded 7 songs on his cellphone. How many ways can he play
7songs?

ACTIVITY 3 Direction: Answer each permutation problem completely.

1. How many ways can the 6 Grab Food motorcycles be parked if there are 8
available parking spaces?

2. In a certain general assembly, three major prizes are at stake. In how many
ways can the first, second, and third prizes be drawn from a box containing
120 names?

_________________________________________________________________________
5
Q3 Week No.1 Competency Code: M10SP-IIIa-1
3. Eight basketball teams are competing for the top 4 standings to move up to the
semi-finals. Find the number of possible rankings of the four top teams.

4. There are 10 doors to a coliseum. In how many ways can a person go in and
out if one can enter any door but leave using another door?

5. How many 4-digit numbers can be formed from the digits 2, 4, 6, 8, and 9 if no
repetition is allowed.

How were the activities done so far? Were you able to answer it all? I hope you
just did successfully!

GREAT JOB!!

REFERENCES:
Department of Education. 2015. Mathematics Learner's Module. Pasig City:
Department of Education.
Escaner IV, Jose Maria L., Dolores L. Catalla, and Isabel O. Granado. 2014. Spiral
Math 10. Quezon City: Trinitas Publishing Inc.
Melosantos, Luis Allan B., Janice F. Antonio, Susan J. Robles, Josephine R. Sacluti,
and Ryan M. Bruce. 2015. Math Connections in the Digital Age Grade 10.
Quezon City: SIBS Publishing House.
Nivera, Gladys C., and Minie Rose C Lapinid. 2015. Grade 10 Mathematics: Patterns
and Practicalities. Makati City: Don Bosco Press Inc.
Ogena, Ester, Rosemarievic Diaz, Erminda Fortes, and Marilyn Balagtas. 2013. Our
Math Grade 10 Philippines K-12. Manila City: McGraw-Hill Education & Vibal
Group, Inc.
Oronce, Orlando, and Marilyn O. Mendoza. 2015. E-Math 10. Manila City: Rex Book
Store Inc.

_________________________________________________________________________
6
Q3 Week No.1 Competency Code: M10SP-IIIa-1
Prepared by:

JEARVELY H. NALUAL, LPT


MANDALUYONG HIGH SCHOOL
SDO Mandaluyong

VALIDATORS:

MS. JEARVELY H. NALUAL


MS. JOSEPHINE JENNETTE R. JIMENEZ
Content

MS. BABY XYZA F. DELA CRUZ MR. JAY-R B. DONES


Language Layout and Design

Approved:

RESTITUTO I. RODELAS
Education Program Supervisor, Mathematics

_________________________________________________________________________
7
Q3 Week No.1 Competency Code: M10SP-IIIa-1

Common questions

Powered by AI

The Fundamental Principle of Counting states that if one event can occur in 'm' ways and a second event can occur independently in 'n' ways, then the two events can occur in m x n total ways. It is applied by multiplying the number of ways each event can occur. For example, if Daniel is considering classes that are offered on Monday and Wednesday, and if there are 3 classes and 2 days, the total number of different class and day outcomes would be 3 x 2 = 6 .

Repetition in permutations allows each choice to be repeated, increasing available arrangements, whereas without repetition reduces choices as selections are made. For example, forming a three-digit number with digits 1, 3, 5, 7, 9: with repetition, choices per digit are n x n x n, and without is n x (n-1) x (n-2). Crucially, this affects total configurations, impacting accuracy in practical applications .

Understanding permutations is crucial because it helps determine how different arrangements can be made, which is essential when selection order matters. For instance, while determining different ice cream scoop orderings, if Patrick selects four different flavors from 20 and the order of scoops matters, he must calculate 20P4, resulting in 20 x 19 x 18 x 17 = 116,280 possible combinations .

Permutations are arrangements of objects where the order is important. The number of permutations of n objects taken r at a time is given by nPr = n!/(n-r)!. For example, if there are 10 contestants in a beauty pageant and we need to select the top three winners, the number of ways to do this is 10P3 = 10!/(10-3)! = 720 .

Comprehending permutations helps efficiently organize events by determining optimal arrangements, such as seating, presentation order, or scheduling. Its practical benefit is in optimizing resources and time, reducing conflicts, and enhancing the event's flow. For example, creating an efficient schedule or seating plan ensures the event runs smoothly and meets its objectives .

Permutations can be applied in scenarios such as arranging people in a lineup or seating arrangements. For example, five reporters need to be seated in a row for a press conference, ensuring social distancing. This can be accomplished in 5! = 120 different ways, as each position affects the next. This application helps in planning logistics for events or organizing objects systematically .

Factorial notation, denoted as n!, is the product of all positive integers up to n. It is critical in calculating permutations as nPr = n!/(n-r)!. For example, the arrangement of seven students in a line is calculated as 7P7 = 7!/(7-7)! = 7! = 5040. Hence factorial provides the foundation for determining the total arrangements of objects .

Understanding permutations and factorials is vital for problem-solving because they provide methods to calculate possible outcomes and arrangements when order matters. For example, determining how to allocate tasks among individuals efficiently can use factorial calculations to explore all possible sequences, influencing optimal decision-making in logistics and resource management .

Challenges in teaching permutations include students' difficulty in distinguishing between permutations and combinations and understanding the significance of order. Strategies to overcome these include using visual aids like tree diagrams, providing real-life examples, and emphasizing the Fundamental Principle of Counting for a foundational understanding, leading to easier comprehension of permutations .

Factorial notation is instrumental in computing probabilities in scenarios like genetic probabilities, where predicting genetic trait combinations requires calculating all possible allele sequences. Its importance lies in providing precise calculations of these possibilities, crucial for fields like genetics or risk assessment, where understanding potential outcomes can guide informed decisions .

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