Math Quick notes:
Definitions:
Sets: A well-Defined collection of objects and things.
Members and elements of a set: the things or objects of a set are
called the members or elements of a set.
Tabular form of a sets: when the objects of a set are listed
between curly brackets “{ }”.
Descriptive form of a set: when a word or sentence is used to
describe or denote a set.
Finite set: A set with limited members/elements is called finite
sets.
Infinite set: A set with unlimited members or sets are called
infinite sets.
Singleton set: A set with only one member is called singleton set.
Proper subset: If set A and B are two sets and all the elements of
set A are in set B but all of the elements of set B are not in set A
then B is a proper subset of A
Improper subset: If set A and B are two sets and all the elements
of set A are in set B and all of the elements of set B are in set A
then B is a improper subset of A and vice versa.
Natural numbers: Counting numbers are called natural numbers.
Whole numbers: Natural numbers with zero (0) are called whole
numbers.
Positive integers: All natural numbers are positive integers
Negative integers: All natural numbers with a minus sign “-” are
negative integers.
Neutral integers: 0 is a neutral integer.
Prime numbers: Numbers which has only two factors.
Composite numbers: Numbers with more than two factors.
Factor: A number that divides a number completely.
Multiple: A number which is got when multiplying a number with
(1,2,3,4,5 …)
Even numbers: Numbers that can be divided by two.
Odd numbers: Numbers that cannot be divided by two.
Additive identity: 0 is an Additive identity as if it is added with
any number the number remains the same e.g. 0 + 7 = 7
Multiplicative identity: 1 is a Multiplicative identity because if
multiplied with any number the result is the same e.g. 12 x 1 =12
Associative law of addition/multiplication: If X Y Z are three
numbers so (Z + X) + Y = (Y + X) + Z / (Z x Y) X = (Z x X) Y.
Commutative law of addition/multiplication: If Y Z are two
numbers so Z + Y = Y + Z / Z x Y = Y x Z.
Distributive law of multiplication over addition: If X Y Z are three
numbers then (Z + Y) X = (Z x X) + (Y x X).
Distributive law of multiplication over subtraction: If X Y Z are
three numbers then (Z - Y) X = (Z x X) - (Y x X).
H.C.F: highest common factor of given numbers.
L.C.M: lowest common multiple of given numbers.
BODMAS: B: brackets O: order D: division M: multiplication A:
addition S: subtraction.
Ratio: comparison between two values of the unit
Proportion: proportion shows the equality of two ratios of the
same unit
Percent: the fraction in which 100 is the denominator is percent.
True sentence: An algebraic sentence which proves to be true.
False sentence: An algebraic sentence which proves to be false
Open sentence An algebraic sentence which proves not to be true
or false.
Variable: the letter used to donate a value or number is called
variable
Coefficient of variable: the number appearing as a multiple of the
variable is called its coefficient.
Constant term: A term which as a fixed value and does not
involve any variable is called constant term.
Exponent: the power of a variable is called its exponent.
Square: A quadrilateral with equal sides each angle of 90*.
Rectangle: A quadrilateral with equal parallel sides each angle of
90*.
Triangle: A bounded figure made of 3 line segments. The points
the segments meet are called its vertex.
All formulas:
Area of square: (Side) X (Side)
Parameter of square: 4(Side)
Area of rectangle: (Length) X (Weigh)
Parameter of rectangle: 2(L + W)
Area of triangle: ½ X (L X W)
Parameter of triangle: side + side + side
conference of circle: 2 (22/7) radios
area of circle: (22/7)R-square
symbols: (- , - = +) (+ , + = +) (+ , - = -)
