DIGESTIVE SYSYTEM MCQ WITH ANSWERS

1. In order to prevent self-digestion of the pancreas, activation of pancreatic proteases occurs in

the: stomach.

[Link].

[Link].

[Link].

[Link].

duodenum

2. During deglutition, the bolus passes into the stomach from the esophagus through the:

[Link] valve.

[Link] sphincter.

[Link] sphincter.

[Link] sphincter.

esophageal sphincter.

gastroesophageal sphincter.

3. During the intestinal phase of gastric regulation:

[Link] gastroenteric reflex reduces stomach activity.

hormones reduce chief cell activity.

[Link] causes more HCl release.

[Link] enterogastric reflex is turned off.

[Link] stomach is initially stimulated and later inhibited.

the stomach is initially stimulated and later inhibited.

4. Protective collections of lymphocytes and macrophages occur in:

A. the Peyer's patches.

[Link] intestinal crypts.

[Link] muscularis externa.

[Link] muscularis mucosae.

the gastric pits.

the Peyer's patches.

[Link] is the main organic molecule digested in the stomach?

[Link] acids

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

Proteins
[Link] propulsive function that occurs in the esophagus is called:

[Link].

[Link].

[Link].

[Link].

[Link].

Peristalsis

[Link] of the following is a characteristic of the large intestine?

[Link] has villi.

[Link] provides no absorptive function.

[Link] is the site for acid neutralization.

[Link] contains a large number of bacteria.

[Link] longer than the small intestine.

It contains a large number of bacteria.

8 .Which regulatory chemical stimulates gastric gland activity and motility?

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

[Link] peptide

[Link]

Gastrin

9. Which sequence below represents the correct layering of the wall of the GI tract, starting from
the layer next to the lumen?

[Link], submucosa, .muscularis externa, serosa

[Link], mucosa,

[Link] externa, submucosa

[Link], mucosa, muscularis externa, serosa

Muscularis externa, serosa, [Link], mucosa

Mucosa, muscularis externa, submucosa, serosa

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa

10. The hepatopancreatic ampulla is formed from the union of the:

[Link] duodenal papilla and the lesser duodenal papilla.

[Link] duct and interlobular duct.

[Link] duct with the lacteals.

[Link] duct and main [Link] duct.

bile duct and main pancreatic duct.

🕰️

11. The mechanical and chemical receptors that control digestive activity are located ________.

A) in the glandular tissue that lines the organ lumen

B) in the walls of the tract organs

C) in the pons and medulla

D) only in the esophagus because this is the only part of the tract that needs to change to
accommodate food passage

12. The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to ________.

A) carry toxins to the venous system for disposal through the urinary tract

B) collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing or storage

C) distribute hormones

D) return glucose to the general circulation when blood sugar is low

B

13. The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called ________. '

A) digestion

B) absorption

C) ingestion

D) secretion

14. When we ingest large molecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, they must
undergo catabolic reactions whereby enzymes split these molecules. This series of reactions is
called ________.

A) absorption

B) secretion

C) chemical digestion

D) mechanical digestion

15. The sheets of peritoneal membrane that hold the digestive tract in place are called ________.

A) mesenteries
B) lamina propria

C) serosal lining

D) mucosal lining

16. From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are
made up of the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen.

A) muscularis externa, serosa, mucosa, and submucosa

B) serosa, mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis externa

C) submucosa, serosa, muscularis externa, and mucosa

D) mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa

17. Which of the following is not a factor that helps create the stomach mucosal barrier?

A) thick coating of bicarbonate-rich mucus

B) tight junctions of epithelial mucosa cells

C) replacing of damaged epithelial mucosa cells

D) rennin

18. What part of the tooth bears the force of chewing?

A) crown

B) enamel

C) pulp

D) cementum

19. The capillaries that nourish the epithelium and absorb digested nutrients lie in the ________.

A) muscularis mucosae

B) serosa

C) adventitia

D) lamina propria

20. Which hormone causes an increased output of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice and stimulates
gallbladder contraction to release bile?

A) gastrin

B) secretin

C) cholecystokinin CCK

D) gastric inhibitor peptide

C
21. Choose the incorrect statement regarding bile.

A) Bile is both an excretory product and a digestive secretion.

B) Bile functions to emulsify fats.

C) Bile functions to carry bilirubin formed from breakdown of worn-out RBCs.

D) Bile contains enzymes for digestion.

22. The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area
of the mucosal lining. Which of the following accomplish this task?

A) plicae circulares and intestinal villi

B) the vast array of digestive enzymes

C) Brunner's glands

D) the rugae

23. Select the statement that is true concerning primary teeth.

A) There are 27 primary teeth, and the molars are permanent.

B) There are 24 primary teeth, and no new primary teeth appear after 13 months.

C) There are 20 primary teeth, and by 24 months of age most children have all 20.
D) There are 32 primary teeth, and most children lose these teeth due to decay because they are
never very strong.

24. Which of the following is true concerning the number and type of permanent teeth?

A) There are 32 permanent teeth, and the wisdom teeth are the last to emerge.

B) There are 27 permanent teeth, and the first molars are usually the last to emerge.

C) The number of permanent teeth is always equal to the number of primary teeth.

D) The number of upper permanent teeth is not equal to the number of lower permanent teeth.

25. Which of the following is not true of saliva?

A) cleanses the mouth

B) contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of proteins

C) moistens food and aids in compacting of the bolus

D) dissolves food chemicals so they can be tasted

26. The salivary glands are composed of which two types of secretory cells?
A) goblet cells and squamous epithelial cells

B) parietal cells and glial cells

C) serous cells and mucous cells

D) cuboidal epithelium and ciliated columnar cells

27. The solutes contained in saliva include ________.

A) only salts and minerals

B) only proteases and amylase

C) mucin, lysozyme, electrolytes, salts, and minerals

D) electrolytes, digestive enzyme, mucin, lysozyme, wastes, and IgA

28) In addition to storage and mechanical breakdown of food, the stomach ________.

A) initiates protein digestion and denatures proteins

B) is the first site where absorption takes place

C) is the only place where fats are completely digested

D) is the first site where chemical digestion of starch takes place

🔥A
29) Chyme is created in the ________.

A) mouth

B) stomach

C) esophagus

D) small intestine

🔥B

30) Hydrochloric acid is secreted by which of the secretory cells of the stomach?

A) chief cells

B) parietal cells

C) serous cells

D) mucous neck cells

🔥B

[Link] regions of the pharynx serve as passageways for food on its way to the esophagus?

A. Nasopharynx and oropharynx

B. Oropharynx and laryngopharynx

C. Oropharynx only

D. Laryngopharynx only
B. Oropharynx and laryngopharynx

32. Which regions of the pharynx serve as passageways for food on its way to the esophagus?

A. Nasopharynx and oropharynx

B. Oropharynx and laryngopharynx

C. Oropharynx only

D. Laryngopharynx only

B. Oropharynx and laryngopharynx

33 .Which of the following DOES NOT digest carbohydrates?

A. Sucrase

B. Pancreatic alpha-amylase

C. Pancreatic lipase

D. Lactase

C. Pancreatic lipase

34. What is the function of bile?

A. To break down proteins

B. To break down starches

C. To emulsify lipids

C. To emulsify lipids

35. The lowest portion of the stomach, which forms the sharp curve of the J-shaped stomach, is
the __________.

A. body

B. pylorus

C. cardia

D. fundus

B. pylorus

36. Which layer of the digestive tract is responsible for peristalsis and segmentation?

A. submucosa

B. serosa

C. muscularis externa

D. mucosa

C. muscularis externa

37 .The pancreas produces enzymes that digest __________.

A. nucleic acids and lipids only

B. lipids and carbohydrates only

C. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

D. proteins only

C. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

38 .Which of the following is NOT an effect of advancing age on the digestive system?

A. Increase in peptic ulcers

B. Increase in the rate of digestive system cancers

C. Increase in dental caries and gingivitis, resulting in loss of teeth

D. Stronger peristaltic contractions, resulting in diarrhea

D. Stronger peristaltic contractions, resulting in diarrhea

39 .Which of the following phases of gastric activity is brought on by the sight, smell, or thought
of food?

A. Pharyngeal phase

B. Intestinal phase

C. Cephalic phase

D. Gastric phase
C. Cephalic phase

40 .Which of the following DOES NOT digest proteins?

A. Trypsin

B. Pepsin

C. Nuclease

D. Enteropeptidase

C. Nuclease

41. .Which oral structure is responsible for manipulating food to assist in chewing and in the
production of the enzyme lipase?

A. Soft palate

B. Gingival sulcus

C. Tongue

D. Labia

C. Tongue

42. Which of the following is NOT a region of the small intestine?

A. Jejunum

B. Ileum
C. Duodenum

D. Cecum

D. Cecum

43. Which of the following major layers of the digestive tract is described as a layer of dense,
irregular connective tissue filled with blood vessels and the plexus of Meissner?

A. Muscularis externa

B. Submucosa

C. Serosa

D. Mucosa

B. Submucosa

[Link] of the following is the term for swallowing?

A. Mastication

B. Digestion

C. Absorption

D. Deglutition

D. Deglutition

[Link] of the following statements about peritonitis is NOT true?

A. It can be caused by bacteria entering the abdominal cavity during a surgical procedure.

B. It is an inflammation of the peritoneal membrane.

C. It could result in a burst appendix.

D. It leads to inflammation of the digestive mucosa.

D. It leads to inflammation of the digestive mucosa.

45. The accessory organs include all of the following, EXCEPT:

a. tongue

b. liver

c. pancreas

d. stomach

d. stomach

46. The GI tract includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

a. esophagus

b. liver

c. stomach

d. small intestine

b. liver
[Link] digestion begins in the:

a. mouth

b. stomach

c. small intestine

d. large intestine

a. mouth

48. Chemical digestion of starch food begins in the:

a. mouth

b. stomach

c. small intestine

d. large intestine

a. mouth

49. Chemical digestion of proteins begins in the:

a. mouth

b. stomach

c. small intestine

d. large intestine

b. stomach

50. The muscles of the esophagus squeeze the food downward using the process of:
a. gravity

b. peristalsis

c. rugae

d. chyme

b. peristalsis

51. When the stomach is empty, it folds up into wrinkles called:

a. sphincters

b. bolus

c. rugae

d. chyme

c. rugae

52. Gastric juices in the stomach:

a. kill bacteria

b. work together to digest food

c. include hydrochloric acid

d. all of the above

d. all of the above

53. The stomach:

a. does chemical digestion only

b. does mechanical digestion only

c. does both chemical and mechanical digestions

d. starts the chemical digestion of starchy foods

c. does both chemical and mechanical digestions

54. By the time the food leaves the stomach it is:

a. creamy paste called chyme

b. rolled into a bolus

c. ready to be mixed with pepsin for protein digestion

d. none of the above

a. creamy paste called chyme

55. Which of the following is NOT a major job of the digestive system?

1. fluid and electrolyte homeostasis

2. acid-base homeostasis

3. manufacturing blood cells

4. ingestion of vitamins and minerals

manufacturing blood cells

56 .Absorption is best described as the:

-[Link] of feces and some metabolic wastes.

-[Link] of foods and liquids from one digestive organ to the next.

-[Link] that break chemical bonds of food particles.

-[Link] of food particles through the wall of the alimentary canal.

SubmitRequest Answer

movement of food particles through the wall of the alimentary canal.

57 .T or F: The digestive system is regulated by the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric

nervous systems.

 True

58. T or F: The mucosa of the alimentary canal from esophagus to anus is composed of simple
columnar epithelium.

 False

59 .Carbohydrate digestion begins in the:

A small intestine.

[Link].

[Link].

D .esophagus.

mouth

60. What is released by the enteroendocrine cells of the gastric glands?

A intrinsic factor

[Link] acid (HCl)

[Link]

[Link]

gastrin

61 .Proton-pump inhibitors are drugs that block the secretion of gastric acids. .Which cells are
affected by these drugs?

[Link] cells

[Link] cells

[Link] cells

[Link] neck cells

parietal cells

62. Which of the following is NOT an effect of the vagus nerve on the stomach's activities?

-[Link] of [Link] secretion

C.-stimulation of histamine secretion

-[Link] of gastric secretion

-e stimulation of hydrogen ion release

stimulation of somatostatin secretion

63. The digestion of which food group may be affected by an inadequate amount of stomach
acid?
[Link]

[Link]

C lipids

[Link]

proteins

64. What is accomplished by the enterogastric reflex?

-a The enterogastric reflex stimulates histamine secretion.

-[Link] enterogastric reflex stimulates intestinal gastrin release.

C.-The enterogastric reflex stimulates hydrogen ion release.

D.-The enterogastric reflex decreases vagal activity and acid secretion by the stomach.

The enterogastric reflex decreases vagal activity and acid secretion by the stomach.

65. What is NOT a major function of the normal flora of the large intestine?

-a produce vitamins

-[Link] undigested wastes

C..-deter the growth of harmful bacteria

D.-inhibit the immune system

inhibit the immune system

66. What is responsible for the emulsification of lipids in the duodenum?

A bile

[Link]

[Link] juice

D cholecystokinin (CCK)

bile

[Link] enzyme salivary amylase catalyzes the reactions that break polysaccharides into
oligosaccharides in this organ:

A small intestine

[Link]

C liver

[Link]

E mouth

mouth

68. The enzyme pepsin catalyzes reactions that digest proteins in this organ:

[Link]

[Link] intestine

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

stomach
69. If an incision has to be made in the small intestine to remove an obstruction, the first layer of
tissue to be cut is…………………………………

Serosa

70. Mesentery, lesser omentum, and greater momentum are all directly associated with the

Peritoneum

71. Chemical digestion of carbohydrates is initiated in the……………………………….

Mouth

72. The main chemical activity of the stomach is to begin the digestion……………………..

Proteins

73. Surgical cutting of the lingual frenulum would occur in which pert of the
body…………………….

Tongue

74. To free the small intestine from the posterior abdominal wall, which of the following would
have to be cut?

Mesentery

75. The cells of gastric glands that produce secretions directly involve in chemical digestions are
the

 Chief

76. An obstruction in the hepatopancreatic ampulla(ampulla of Vater) would affect the ability to
transport

 Bile and Pancreatic Juice

78. The terminal portion of the small intestine is known as the,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

  Ileum

79. The portion of the large intestine closet to the liver is the

 Right Colic Flexure

80. The lamina propia is found in which coat?

 Mucosa

81. Which structure attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm?

 Falciform ligament

The opening between the oral cavity and pharynx is called the

🔥Fauces

All of the following are parts of the tooth except the

🔥Cervix

Bile is manufactured by which cells?

hepatocytes

🕰️

Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract, EXCEPT the
a) stomach

b) pharynx

c) esophagus

d) bladder

e) colon

🔥d) bladder

Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract, EXCEPT the

a) stomach

b) pharynx

c) esophagus

d) bladder

e) colon

🔥d) bladder

Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion?

a) appendix

b) pancreas

c) spleen

d) colon

e) esophagus
🔥b) pancreas

Digestion refers to the

a) progressive dehydration of indigestible residue

b) mechanical breakdown of food

c) chemical breakdown of food

d) mechanical and chemical breakdown of food

e) all of the above

🔥d) mechanical and chemical breakdown of food

Which of the following is NOT a function of the digestive system?

a) mechanical processing

b) absorption

c) compaction

d) ingestion

e) filtration

🔥e) filtration

Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called

a) segmentation

b) pendular movements

c) peristalsis
d) churning movements

e) mastication

🔥c) peristalsis

The lamina propria and mucous epithelium are components of the

a) serosa

b) adventitia

c) muscularis mucosa

d) mucosa

e) submucosa

🔥d) mucosa

The _____ are double sheets of peritoneal membrane that suspend the visceral organs and carry
nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels.

a) serosa

b) adventitia

c) mesenteries

d) fibrosa

e) lamina propria

🔥c) mesenteries

What organ is primarily responsible for water absorption? a) pancreas

b) esophagus

c) large intestine

d) stomach

e) anus

🔥c) large intestine

Which of the following contains adipose tissue and provides padding for the anterior and lateral
portions of the abdomen?

a) falciform ligament

b) greater omentum

c) mesentery proper

d) lesser omentum

e) diaphragm

🔥b) greater omentum

Contraction of the _____ layer of the intestinal wall functions to change the shape of the
intestinal lumen and moves food through its length.

a) submucosa

b) adventitia

c) serosa

d) mucosa

e) muscularis

🔥e) muscularis
A stratified squamous epithelial lining can be found in the

a) oral cavity

b) oropharynx

c) anal canal

d) esophagus

e) all of the above

🔥e) all of the above

Salivary amylase functions to digest

a) carbohydrates

b) cellulose

c) proteins

d) nucleic acids

e) lipids

🔥a) carbohydrates

_____ pair(s) of salivary glands secrete into the oral cavity.

a) one

b) three

c) five

d) two

e) four
🔥b) three

The _____ gland empties into the upper regions of the oral cavity.

a) parotid

b) submaxillary

c) submandibular

d) sublingual

e) vestibular

🔥a) parotid

🙌🏾

1) The mechanical and chemical receptors that control digestive activity are located ________.

A) in the glandular tissue that lines the organ lumen

B) in the walls of the tract organs

C) in the pons and medulla

D) only in the esophagus because this is the only part of the tract that needs to change to
accommodate food passage

🔥B

2) The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to ________.

A) carry toxins to the venous system for disposal through the urinary tract

B) collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing or storage

C) distribute hormones

D) return glucose to the general circulation when blood sugar is low

🔥B

3) The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called ________. '

A) digestion

B) absorption

C) ingestion

D) secretion

🔥A

4) When we ingest large molecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, they must
undergo catabolic reactions whereby enzymes split these molecules. This series of reactions is
called ________.

A) absorption

B) secretion

C) chemical digestion

D) mechanical digestion
🔥C

5) The sheets of peritoneal membrane that hold the digestive tract in place are called ________.

A) mesenteries

B) lamina propria

C) serosal lining

D) mucosal lining

🔥A

6) From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are
made up of the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen.

A) muscularis externa, serosa, mucosa, and submucosa

B) serosa, mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis externa

C) submucosa, serosa, muscularis externa, and mucosa

D) mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa

🔥D

7) Which of the following is not a factor that helps create the stomach mucosal barrier?

A) thick coating of bicarbonate-rich mucus

B) tight junctions of epithelial mucosa cells

C) replacing of damaged epithelial mucosa cells

D) rennin

🔥D

8) What part of the tooth bears the force of chewing?

A) crown

B) enamel

C) pulp

D) cementum

🔥B

9) The capillaries that nourish the epithelium and absorb digested nutrients lie in the ________.

A) muscularis mucosae

B) serosa

C) adventitia

D) lamina propria

🔥D

10) Which hormone causes an increased output of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice and stimulates
gallbladder contraction to release bile?
A) gastrin

B) secretin

C) cholecystokinin CCK

D) gastric inhibitor peptide

🔥C

11) Choose the incorrect statement regarding bile.

A) Bile is both an excretory product and a digestive secretion.

B) Bile functions to emulsify fats.

C) Bile functions to carry bilirubin formed from breakdown of worn-out RBCs.

D) Bile contains enzymes for digestion.

🔥D

12) The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area
of the mucosal lining. Which of the following accomplish this task?

A) plicae circulares and intestinal villi

B) the vast array of digestive enzymes

C) Brunner's glands

D) the rugae
🔥A

13) Select the statement that is true concerning primary teeth.

A) There are 27 primary teeth, and the molars are permanent.

B) There are 24 primary teeth, and no new primary teeth appear after 13 months.

C) There are 20 primary teeth, and by 24 months of age most children have all 20.

D) There are 32 primary teeth, and most children lose these teeth due to decay because they are
never very strong.

🔥C

14) Which of the following is true concerning the number and type of permanent teeth?

A) There are 32 permanent teeth, and the wisdom teeth are the last to emerge.

B) There are 27 permanent teeth, and the first molars are usually the last to emerge.

C) The number of permanent teeth is always equal to the number of primary teeth.

D) The number of upper permanent teeth is not equal to the number of lower permanent teeth.

🔥A

15) Which of the following is not true of saliva?

A) cleanses the mouth

B) contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of proteins

C) moistens food and aids in compacting of the bolus

D) dissolves food chemicals so they can be tasted

🔥B

16) The salivary glands are composed of which two types of secretory cells?

A) goblet cells and squamous epithelial cells

B) parietal cells and glial cells

C) serous cells and mucous cells

D) cuboidal epithelium and ciliated columnar cells

🔥C

17) The solutes contained in saliva include ________.

A) only salts and minerals

B) only proteases and amylase

C) mucin, lysozyme, electrolytes, salts, and minerals

D) electrolytes, digestive enzyme, mucin, lysozyme, wastes, and IgA

🔥D

18) In addition to storage and mechanical breakdown of food, the stomach ________.
A) initiates protein digestion and denatures proteins

B) is the first site where absorption takes place

C) is the only place where fats are completely digested

D) is the first site where chemical digestion of starch takes place

🔥A

19) Chyme is created in the ________.

A) mouth

B) stomach

C) esophagus

D) small intestine

🔥B

20) Hydrochloric acid is secreted by which of the secretory cells of the stomach?

A) chief cells

B) parietal cells

C) serous cells

D) mucous neck cells

🔥B
21) Gastrin, histamine, endorphins, serotonin, cholecystokinin, and somatostatin are hormones or
paracrines that are released directly into the lamina propria. Which of the following cell types
synthesize and secrete these products?

A) enteroendocrine cells

B) parietal cells

C) zymogenic cells

D) mucous neck cells

🔥A

22) There are three phases of gastric secretion. The cephalic phase occurs ________.

A) before food enters the stomach and is triggered by aroma, sight, or thought

B) immediately after food enters the stomach, preparing the small intestine for the influx of a
variety of nutrients

C) at the end of a large meal, and the juices secreted are powerful and remain in the GI tract for a
long period of time

D) when the meal is excessively high in acids and neutralization is required

🔥A

23) Peristaltic waves are ________.

A) segmental regions of the gastrointestinal tract

B) churning movements of the gastrointestinal tract

C) pendular movements of the gastrointestinal tract

D) waves of muscular contractions that propel contents from one point to another

🔥D

24) Gastrin is a digestive hormone that is responsible for the stimulation of acid secretions in the
stomach. These secretions are stimulated by the presence of ________.

A) starches and complex carbohydrates

B) protein and peptide fragments

C) simple carbohydrates and alcohols

D) fatty acids

B🔥

25) Pepsinogen, a digestive enzyme, is secreted by the ________.

A) chief cells of the stomach

B) parietal cells of the duodenum

C) Brunner's glands

D) goblet cells of the small intestine

26) You have just eaten a meal high in complex carbohydrates. Which of the following enzymes
will help to digest the meal?
A) gastrin

B) amylase

C) cholecystokinin

D) trypsin

27) The ducts that deliver bile and pancreatic juice from the liver and pancreas, respectively,
unite to form the ________.

A) portal vein

B) pancreatic acini

C) bile canaliculus

D) hepatopancreatic ampulla

🔥D

28) The enzymatic breakdown of any type of food molecule is called ________.

A) diffusion

B) active transport

C) hydrolysis

D) denatured
🔥C

29) Short-chain triglycerides found in foods such as butterfat molecules in milk are split by a
specific enzyme in preparation for absorption. Which of the following enzymes is responsible?

A) rennin

B) pepsin

C) lipase

D) cholecystokinin

🔥C

30) Parietal cells of the stomach produce ________.

A) mucin

B) pepsinogen

C) hydrochloric acid

D) rennin

C🔥

1) The mechanical and chemical receptors that control digestive activity are located ________.

A) in the glandular tissue that lines the organ lumen

B) in the walls of the tract organs

C) in the pons and medulla

D) only in the esophagus because this is the only part of the tract that needs to change to
accommodate food passage

🔥B

2) The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to ________.

A) carry toxins to the venous system for disposal through the urinary tract

B) collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing or storage

C) distribute hormones

D) return glucose to the general circulation when blood sugar is low

🔥B

3) The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called ________. '

A) digestion

B) absorption

C) ingestion

D) secretion

🔥A
4) When we ingest large molecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, they must
undergo catabolic reactions whereby enzymes split these molecules. This series of reactions is
called ________.

A) absorption

B) secretion

C) chemical digestion

D) mechanical digestion

🔥C

5) The sheets of peritoneal membrane that hold the digestive tract in place are called ________.

A) mesenteries

B) lamina propria

C) serosal lining

D) mucosal lining

🔥A

6) From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are
made up of the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen.

A) muscularis externa, serosa, mucosa, and submucosa

B) serosa, mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis externa

C) submucosa, serosa, muscularis externa, and mucosa

D) mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa

🔥D

7) Which of the following is not a factor that helps create the stomach mucosal barrier?

A) thick coating of bicarbonate-rich mucus

B) tight junctions of epithelial mucosa cells

C) replacing of damaged epithelial mucosa cells

D) rennin

🔥D

8) What part of the tooth bears the force of chewing?

A) crown

B) enamel

C) pulp

D) cementum

🔥B

9) The capillaries that nourish the epithelium and absorb digested nutrients lie in the ________.

A) muscularis mucosae
B) serosa

C) adventitia

D) lamina propria

🔥D

10) Which hormone causes an increased output of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice and stimulates
gallbladder contraction to release bile?

A) gastrin

B) secretin

C) cholecystokinin CCK

D) gastric inhibitor peptide

🔥C

11) Choose the incorrect statement regarding bile.

A) Bile is both an excretory product and a digestive secretion.

B) Bile functions to emulsify fats.

C) Bile functions to carry bilirubin formed from breakdown of worn-out RBCs.

D) Bile contains enzymes for digestion.

🔥D
12) The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area
of the mucosal lining. Which of the following accomplish this task?

A) plicae circulares and intestinal villi

B) the vast array of digestive enzymes

C) Brunner's glands

D) the rugae

🔥A

13) Select the statement that is true concerning primary teeth.

A) There are 27 primary teeth, and the molars are permanent.

B) There are 24 primary teeth, and no new primary teeth appear after 13 months.

C) There are 20 primary teeth, and by 24 months of age most children have all 20.

D) There are 32 primary teeth, and most children lose these teeth due to decay because they are
never very strong.

🔥C

14) Which of the following is true concerning the number and type of permanent teeth?

A) There are 32 permanent teeth, and the wisdom teeth are the last to emerge.

B) There are 27 permanent teeth, and the first molars are usually the last to emerge.

C) The number of permanent teeth is always equal to the number of primary teeth.

D) The number of upper permanent teeth is not equal to the number of lower permanent teeth.
🔥A

15) Which of the following is not true of saliva?

A) cleanses the mouth

B) contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of proteins

C) moistens food and aids in compacting of the bolus

D) dissolves food chemicals so they can be tasted

🔥B

16) The salivary glands are composed of which two types of secretory cells?

A) goblet cells and squamous epithelial cells

B) parietal cells and glial cells

C) serous cells and mucous cells

D) cuboidal epithelium and ciliated columnar cells

🔥C

17) The solutes contained in saliva include ________.

A) only salts and minerals

B) only proteases and amylase

C) mucin, lysozyme, electrolytes, salts, and minerals

D) electrolytes, digestive enzyme, mucin, lysozyme, wastes, and IgA

🔥D

18) In addition to storage and mechanical breakdown of food, the stomach ________.

A) initiates protein digestion and denatures proteins

B) is the first site where absorption takes place

C) is the only place where fats are completely digested

D) is the first site where chemical digestion of starch takes place

🔥A

19) Chyme is created in the ________.

A) mouth

B) stomach

C) esophagus

D) small intestine

🔥B

20) Hydrochloric acid is secreted by which of the secretory cells of the stomach?
A) chief cells

B) parietal cells

C) serous cells

D) mucous neck cells

🔥B

21) Gastrin, histamine, endorphins, serotonin, cholecystokinin, and somatostatin are hormones or
paracrines that are released directly into the lamina propria. Which of the following cell types
synthesize and secrete these products?

A) enteroendocrine cells

B) parietal cells

C) zymogenic cells

D) mucous neck cells

🔥A

22) There are three phases of gastric secretion. The cephalic phase occurs ________.

A) before food enters the stomach and is triggered by aroma, sight, or thought

B) immediately after food enters the stomach, preparing the small intestine for the influx of a
variety of nutrients

C) at the end of a large meal, and the juices secreted are powerful and remain in the GI tract for a
long period of time

D) when the meal is excessively high in acids and neutralization is required

🔥A

23) Peristaltic waves are ________.

A) segmental regions of the gastrointestinal tract

B) churning movements of the gastrointestinal tract

C) pendular movements of the gastrointestinal tract

D) waves of muscular contractions that propel contents from one point to another

🔥D

24) Gastrin is a digestive hormone that is responsible for the stimulation of acid secretions in the
stomach. These secretions are stimulated by the presence of ________.

A) starches and complex carbohydrates

B) protein and peptide fragments

C) simple carbohydrates and alcohols

D) fatty acids

B🔥

25) Pepsinogen, a digestive enzyme, is secreted by the ________.

A) chief cells of the stomach

B) parietal cells of the duodenum

C) Brunner's glands

D) goblet cells of the small intestine

26) You have just eaten a meal high in complex carbohydrates. Which of the following enzymes
will help to digest the meal?

A) gastrin

B) amylase

C) cholecystokinin

D) trypsin

27) The ducts that deliver bile and pancreatic juice from the liver and pancreas, respectively,
unite to form the ________.

A) portal vein

B) pancreatic acini

C) bile canaliculus

D) hepatopancreatic ampulla

🔥D
28) The enzymatic breakdown of any type of food molecule is called ________.

A) diffusion

B) active transport

C) hydrolysis

D) denatured

🔥C

29) Short-chain triglycerides found in foods such as butterfat molecules in milk are split by a
specific enzyme in preparation for absorption. Which of the following enzymes is responsible?

A) rennin

B) pepsin

C) lipase

D) cholecystokinin

🔥C

30) Parietal cells of the stomach produce ________.

A) mucin

B) pepsinogen

C) hydrochloric acid

D) rennin
C🔥

🕰️

41) ________ is locally regulated in the blood by the active form of vitamin D, which acts as a
cofactor.

A) Iron

B) Sodium

C) Phosphorus

D) Calcium

🔥D

42) Important peritoneal folds do not include the ________.

A) omenta

B) peritoneum

C) mesentery

D) round ligament

🔥D

43) The lamina propria is composed of ________.

A) loose connective tissue

B) dense irregular connective tissue

C) dense regular connective tissue

D) reticular connective tissue

🔥A

44) ________ is (are) not important as a stimulus in the gastric phase of gastric secretion.

A) Distension

B) Carbohydrates

C) Peptides

D) Low acidity

🔥B

45) Pancreatic amylase does not get to the small intestine via the ________.

A) accessory pancreatic duct

B) main pancreatic duct

C) cystic duct

D) hepatopancreatic ampulla

🔥C
46) The function of the goblet cells is to ________.

A) absorb nutrients from digested food and store them for future use

B) produce mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs from the effects of powerful
enzymes needed for food digestion

C) secrete buffers in order to keep the pH of the digestive tract close to neutral

D) provide protection against invading bacteria and other disease-causing organisms that enter
the digestive tract in food

🔥B

47) Which of the following is an essential role played by large intestine bacteria?

A) produce gas

B) absorb bilirubin

C) synthesize vitamin K and B-complex vitamins

D) synthesize vitamins C and D

🔥C

48) Nervous control of gastric secretion is provided by ________.

A) somatic neurons in the spinal cord

B) the vagus nerve and enteric plexus

C) the rubrospinal tracts

D) the reticulospinal and vestibulospinal tracts

🔥B

49) Which of the following are types of papillae on the tongue that contain taste buds?

A) fungiform and circumvallate

B) palatine and circumvallate

C) circumvallate and filiform

D) fungiform, circumvallate, and filiform

🔥A

50) Which of the following produce intrinsic factor?

A) parietal cells

B) zymogenic cells

C) mucous neck cells

D) enteroendocrine cells

🔥A

51) Which of the following enzymes is specific for proteins?

A) dextrinase
B) amylase

C) trypsin

D) lipase

🔥C

52) Surgical cutting of the lingual frenulum would occur in which part of the body?

A) tongue

B) esophagus

C) nasal cavity

D) salivary glands

🔥A

53) A fluid secreted into the small intestine during digestion that contains cholesterol,
emulsification agents, and phospholipids is ________.

A) bile

B) pancreatic juice

C) intestinal juice

D) gastric juice

🔥A
54) The layer of the digestive tube that contains blood vessels, lymphatic nodes, and a rich
supply of elastic fibers is the ________.

A) mucosa

B) submucosa

C) muscularis externa

D) serosa

🔥B

55) Which of the following is not characteristic of the large intestine? It ________.

A) does not contain villi

B) exhibits external muscular bands called teniae coli

C) is longer than the small intestine

D) has haustra

🔥C

56) What stomach secretion is necessary for normal hemoglobin production in RBCs?

A) HCl

B) pepsinogen

C) intrinsic factor

D) gastric lipase
🔥C

57) How are most nutrients absorbed through the mucosa of the intestinal villa?

A) simple diffusion

B) facilitated diffusion

C) active transport driven directly or indirectly by metabolic energy

D) bulk flow

🔥C

58) Select the correct statement about the regulation of gastric secretion.

A) Vagus stimulation of the stomach results in decreased secretion of gastric juice.

B) The presence of food in the stomach prevents hormonal control of gastric secretion.

C) Gastric secretion can be stimulated before food has entered the mouth.

D) Gastric secretion is enhanced by very low pH (below a pH of 2).

🔥C

59) Paneth cells ________.

A) are more common in the ileum than in the jejunum

B) are absorptive cells in the small intestine

C) secrete enzymes that kill bacteria

D) are located next to the lacteal in a villus

🔥C

🕰️🙏🏿

41) ________ is locally regulated in the blood by the active form of vitamin D, which acts as a
cofactor.

A) Iron

B) Sodium

C) Phosphorus

D) Calcium

🔥D

42) Important peritoneal folds do not include the ________.

A) omenta

B) peritoneum

C) mesentery

D) round ligament
🔥D

43) The lamina propria is composed of ________.

A) loose connective tissue

B) dense irregular connective tissue

C) dense regular connective tissue

D) reticular connective tissue

🔥A

44) ________ is (are) not important as a stimulus in the gastric phase of gastric secretion.

A) Distension

B) Carbohydrates

C) Peptides

D) Low acidity

🔥B

45) Pancreatic amylase does not get to the small intestine via the ________.

A) accessory pancreatic duct

B) main pancreatic duct

C) cystic duct

D) hepatopancreatic ampulla

🔥C

46) The function of the goblet cells is to ________.

A) absorb nutrients from digested food and store them for future use

B) produce mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs from the effects of powerful
enzymes needed for food digestion

C) secrete buffers in order to keep the pH of the digestive tract close to neutral

D) provide protection against invading bacteria and other disease-causing organisms that enter
the digestive tract in food

🔥B

47) Which of the following is an essential role played by large intestine bacteria?

A) produce gas

B) absorb bilirubin

C) synthesize vitamin K and B-complex vitamins

D) synthesize vitamins C and D

🔥C

48) Nervous control of gastric secretion is provided by ________.

A) somatic neurons in the spinal cord

B) the vagus nerve and enteric plexus

C) the rubrospinal tracts

D) the reticulospinal and vestibulospinal tracts

🔥B

49) Which of the following are types of papillae on the tongue that contain taste buds?

A) fungiform and circumvallate

B) palatine and circumvallate

C) circumvallate and filiform

D) fungiform, circumvallate, and filiform

🔥A

50) Which of the following produce intrinsic factor?

A) parietal cells

B) zymogenic cells

C) mucous neck cells

D) enteroendocrine cells

🔥A
51) Which of the following enzymes is specific for proteins?

A) dextrinase

B) amylase

C) trypsin

D) lipase

🔥C

52) Surgical cutting of the lingual frenulum would occur in which part of the body?

A) tongue

B) esophagus

C) nasal cavity

D) salivary glands

🔥A

53) A fluid secreted into the small intestine during digestion that contains cholesterol,
emulsification agents, and phospholipids is ________.

A) bile

B) pancreatic juice

C) intestinal juice
D) gastric juice

🔥A

54) The layer of the digestive tube that contains blood vessels, lymphatic nodes, and a rich
supply of elastic fibers is the ________.

A) mucosa

B) submucosa

C) muscularis externa

D) serosa

🔥B

55) Which of the following is not characteristic of the large intestine? It ________.

A) does not contain villi

B) exhibits external muscular bands called teniae coli

C) is longer than the small intestine

D) has haustra

🔥C

56) What stomach secretion is necessary for normal hemoglobin production in RBCs?
A) HCl

B) pepsinogen

C) intrinsic factor

D) gastric lipase

🔥C

57) How are most nutrients absorbed through the mucosa of the intestinal villa?

A) simple diffusion

B) facilitated diffusion

C) active transport driven directly or indirectly by metabolic energy

D) bulk flow

🔥C

58) Select the correct statement about the regulation of gastric secretion.

A) Vagus stimulation of the stomach results in decreased secretion of gastric juice.

B) The presence of food in the stomach prevents hormonal control of gastric secretion.

C) Gastric secretion can be stimulated before food has entered the mouth.

D) Gastric secretion is enhanced by very low pH (below a pH of 2).

🔥C
59) Paneth cells ________.

A) are more common in the ileum than in the jejunum

B) are absorptive cells in the small intestine

C) secrete enzymes that kill bacteria

D) are located next to the lacteal in a villus

🔥C