LAST MINUTE REVISION SET 5

 30 FACTORS AFFECTING:

 Moment of force
Moment of force depends on:
[i] magnitude of force: greater the force applied more is the
moment of force.
[ii] Perpendicular distance of point of application of force and
fulcrum: Greater the perpendicular distance of point of application
of force greater is the moment of force.

 Work done
Work done by a body depends on:
[i] amount of force applied on the body: greater the force applied
on the body causing displacement of body greater is the work
done.
[ii] angle between force and displacement: if angle between force
and displacement is acute work done is positive, if angle between
force and displacement is 90 degree the work done is zero and if
angle between force and displacement is obtuse the work done is
negative.
[iii] the net displacement of the body: if net displacement of body
is zero work done is zero.
[iv] change is kinetic energy: greater the change in kinetic energy
more is the work done.
[v] change in gravitational potential energy: greater the change in
gravitational potential energy more is the work done.

 Power
Power of machine is dependent on:
[i] efficiency of machine: greater the efficiency of machine more is
the power output.
[ii] time: Greater the time required to perform work less is the
power required
 Efficiency of practical machine
Efficiency of a practical machine depends on:
[i] weight of the machine parts: Greater the weight of the machine
parts less is the efficiency as more force would be required to lift
the load.
[ii] frictional resistance: Greater the frictional resistance less is
the efficiency of the machine.
[iii] Elasticity of string: Greater the elasticity of string greater is
the efficiency of string
[iv] Velocity ratio: Greater the velocity ratio less is the efficiency.
[v] Mechanical advantage: Greater the mechanical advantage
greater the efficiency.
 Velocity ratio
Velocity ratio of a machine depends on:
[i] design of the machine: change in design of machine changes
the velocity ratio.
[ii] displacement of effort: greater the displacement of effort more
is the velocity ratio.
[iii] displacement of load: greater the displacement of load less is
the velocity ratio
 Refraction of light
Refraction of light depends on:
[i] Optical density of medium: Greater the optical density of
medium less is the refraction.
[ii] Refractive index of medium: Greater the refractive index of
medium less is the refraction.
 Lateral displacement
Lateral displacement depends on:
[i] Angle of incidence: Greater the angle of incidence less is the
lateral displacement.
[ii] Optical density of medium: Greater the optical density of
medium less is the lateral displacement.
[iii] Refractive index of medium: Greater the refractive index of
medium less is the lateral displacement.
[iv] Wavelength of light: Greater the wavelength of light less is the
lateral displacement.
[v] Thickness of glass slab: Greater the thickness of glass slab
more is the lateral displacement

 Refractive index
Refractive index of medium depends on:
[i] Optical density on medium: Greater the optical density greater
is refractive index of medium.
[ii] Temperature of medium: Greater the temperature of medium
lower the refractive index of medium.
[iii] Wavelength of light: Greater the wavelength of light lesser is
the refractive index of medium
 Angular deviation
Angular deviation in case of glass prism depends on:
[i] Angle of incidence: Initially the angle of deviation decreases
with angle of incidence till a certain value beyond which it
increases with increase in angle of incidence.
[ii] Refractive index of medium: Greater the refractive index of
medium greater is the angular deviation.
[iii] Angle of prism: Greater the angle of prism greater is the
angular deviation.
 Apparent shift:
The factors on which apparent shift depends are:
[i] Refractive index of medium: Shift increases with increase in
refractive index of the medium.
[ii] Thickness of denser medium: Shift increases with increase in
thickness of medium
[iii] Wavelength or colour of incident light: Shift decreases with
increase in wavelength of light used.
 Critical angle:
Factors affecting Critical angle are:
[i] Wavelength or colour of light: Critical angle increases with
increase in wavelength of light.
[ii] Temperature of medium: Critical angle increases with increase
in temperature of medium.
 Power of lens:
Factors on which power of lens depends are:
[i] focal length of lens: Greater the focal length less is the power of
lens.
[ii] Optical density of medium: Greater the optical density of
medium less the focal length hence greater the power of lens.
 [iii] Refractive index of medium: Greater the refractive index of
medium less the focal length hence greater the power of lens.

 Scattering:
Factors affecting Scattering phenomenon are:
[i] wavelength of light: Scattering is inversely proportional to fourth
power of wavelength. Greater the wavelength less is the scattering
effect.
[ii] Size of molecules of medium: Smaller the size of molecules of
medium more is the scattering effect.
 Loudness or intensity
Loudness or intensity of sound depends on following factors:
[i] Amplitude of wave: Intensity is directly proportional to square
of amplitude of wave.
[ii] Distance of source from listener: Intensity is inversely
proportional to square of distance between source and listener.
[iii] Surface area of vibrating body: Larger the surface area of
vibrating body louder is the sound produced.
[iv] Density of medium: Greater the density of medium louder is
the sound produced.
[v] Presence of resonant bodies: Greater the resonant bodies
present louder is the sound produced.
[vi] Direction of wind: If sound propagates in the direction of wind
greater is the loudness.
[vii] Temperature of medium: Greater the temperature more the
volume less the density hence less the intensity of sound.
[viii] Pressure of medium: Greater the pressure less the volume
greater the density hence louder the sound.
[ix] Elasticity of medium: Greater the elasticity of medium louder
is the sound heard.
[x] Inertia of the medium: Greater the inertia of medium louder is
the sound heard.
[xi] Moisture content of the medium: Greater the moisture of
medium greater the resistance to propagation of sound hence less
the intensity of sound.
[xii] Rigidity of medium: Greater the rigidity more the density of
medium hence greater the intensity of sound.
 Pitch or Shrillness:
Factors affecting pitch or shrillness are:
 [i] Wavelength and frequency: A body vibrating with high
frequency shorter wavelength is said to have high pitch sound
while body vibrating with low frequency and longer wavelength
is said to have low pitch sound.
[ii] Relative distance between source and listener: As the source of
sound approaches the listener the pitch of sound appears to rise
while as the source of sound moves away from listener pitch of
sound appears to recede.
 Frequency of stretched strings:
Factors which affect the frequency of stretched strings are:
[i] Length of the string: Greater the length of the string smaller the
frequency.
[ii] Tension in string: Greater the tension in the string greater the
frequency. Frequency is directly proportional to square root of
tension.
[iii] Linear density of string: Greater the linear density of the string
smaller the frequency of string. Frequency inversely
proportional to square root of linear density of string.
 Resistance of conductor
Factors affecting the resistance of a conductor:
[i] Length of conductor: The resistance of conductor increases with
increase in length of conductor.
[ii] Area of cross section or thickness of conductor: The resistance of
conductor decreases with increase in area of cross section of
conductor.
[iii] Material of the conductor: The resistance of substance depends
on nature of material such as good conductors offer less
resistance while bad conductors offer more resistance.
[iv] Temperature of the conductor: Commonly the resistance
increases with increase in temperature of substance.
 Specific resistance:
Factors affecting resistivity are:
[i] Material of conductor: Resistivity of substance is least for good
conductors and maximum for bad conductors.
[ii] Temperature of conductor: Resistivity of a metallic conductor
increases with increase in temperature but for semiconductors it
decreases with increase in temperature.
 Electromotive force:
Factors affecting electromotive force are:
[i] Material of electrodes of the cell.
 [ii] Nature and concentration of electrolyte used in the cell.
[iii] Temperature of electrolyte.

 Internal resistance of cell:

Factors affecting internal resistance of cell are:
[i] Surface area of electrode: Greater the surface area of electrode
less is the internal resistance of cell
[ii] Distance between the electrodes: Greater the distance between
the electrodes greater the internal resistance of cell.
[iii] Concentration of electrolyte: Greater the concentration of
electrolyte greater is the internal resistance of cell.
[iv] Temperature of electrolyte: Greater the temperature of
electrolyte less is the internal resistance of cell.
 Amount of heat produced in a wire carrying current:
Factors affecting heat produced in a wire carrying current are:
[i] Amount of current flowing through wire: Amount of heat is
directly proportional to square of current flowing through the
conductor.
[ii] Time of flow of current: Greater the time for which current flows
in the wire greater is the heat flowing through it.
[iii] Resistance of wire: Greater the resistance of wire more is the
amount of heat produced in the wire.
 Magnetic field of an electromagnet:
Factors which affect the magnetic field of an electromagnet are:
[i] Number of turns of coil: Greater the number of turns of the coil
more is the strength of magnetic field produced in it.
[ii] Current flowing through coil: Greater the current flowing
through the coil greater is the intensity of magnetic field.
 Force due to the magnetic field acting on a current carrying
conductor:
Factors affecting the Lorentz force are:
[i] Current flowing through conductor: Greater the current flowing
through conductor greater is the force experienced by the
conductor.
[ii] Magnetic field strength: Greater the magnetic field strength
greater is the force experienced by the conductor.
[iii] Length of the conductor: Greater the length of conductor
greater is the force experienced by the conductor
 Power of a DC motor:

Factors affecting the power of DC motor are:

 [i] Number of turns of coil: Greater the number of turns of coil
greater the power generated.
[ii] Area of cross section of the coil: Greater the area of cross
section of coil greater is the power generated.
[iii] Amount of current flowing: Greater the amount of current
flowing through the coil greater the power generated.
[iv] Introducing soft iron core material within the coil: It increases
the magnetic field strength thus increasing the power generated.
 Losses in transformer:
Factors affecting the losses in transformer are:
[i] Magnetic losses produced in soft iron core material
[ii] Eddy current loss producing heating effect in the core material
[iii] Copper losses in both primary and secondary coils.
 Quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a
body:

Factors affecting the amount of heat are:

[i] Mass of body: Greater the mass of body greater is the amount
of heat required.
[ii] Material of the body.
[iii] Rise in temperature of body: Greater the amount of heat
supplied greater is the rise in temperature.
 Melting point of solid:

Factors affecting melting point of solid are:

[i] Pressure: Increase in pressure increases the pressure for

substances which expand on melting.
[ii] Impurities: Melting point decreases due to presence of
impurities in it.
 Boiling point of liquid:

Factors affecting boiling point of liquid are:

[i] Pressure: Boiling point of a liquid increases with increase in

pressure.
[ii] Impurities: Boiling point of liquid increases with increase in
impurities.