Lam filled with them, and 1 wil fil them in return - Repetitions Song of the open road - Metaphor ~ Symbol of freedom and opportunity Afoot and light-hearted | take to open road - Synecdoche ~ hearted, inversion light Strong and content | travel the open road - Inversion I do not want constellations any nearer ~ Metaphor - constellation= influential people. Appreciation: About the poem/poet and the title - first para the theme - second para poetic style the language/poetic devices used in the poem Special features Message, values, morals in the poem Your opinion about the poem Appreciation of the poem “Song of the Open Road” The title “song of the open road” indicates freedom, opportunities and enjoyment in life. the poem “song of the open road” is an inspirational poem written in the form of narration. This poem is an ode to one’s self, and it is taken from Whitman’s collection of poems "Leaves of grass”. Poet Walt Whitman was an American poet, essayist and journalist. Whitman is often called the father of free verse. His poem “ O Captain My Captain” and his collection of poems “Leaves of Grass” are his remarkable literary works. Mainly the poem deals with freedom, optimism, and the joy of free life. The poem is highly inspirational and it encourages us to be true to ourselves and live and enjoy the freedom of life. The poem is written in simple and effective language. As it is written in a free verse, there is no rhyme scheme. Length of the lines and 4Stanza pattern are not equal. Phrases like ‘light hearted’, querulous criticism’ are interesting. Imageries like constellations and brown colour are note worthy. Figures of speech like Metaphor, Alliteration, Paradox, Repetition are impressive. Metaphor is the dominant figure of speech because road is indirectly compared with the life of a person. . The long brown path before me leading wherever | choose - an example of Personification. Still here | carry my old delicious burden ~ an example of Paradox Special feature of the poem is the use of first person narration ‘I’ which represents every individual. The poet has used the special device of parenthesis by putting the last stanza in brackets to Separate himself from the worldly needs. It also shows that there is a meaningful relationship between him and his delicious burden. The poem teaches us to be happy and optimistic as we have everything including freedom and ample opportunities. 1 think that poem is inspiring because it encourages us to enjoy the life in this healthy and free world. It fills my heart with immense pleasure of journey of life. This is the reason | like this poem.White as a feather and white as a cloud. Interrogation ~ Why do weave a garment so gay? Why do weave a garment so bright? What do you weave in the moonlight chill? Metaphor - We weave the robes of a new- born child. We weave the marriage- veils of a queen. We weave a dead man’s funeral shroud. Appreciation of the poem ‘Indian Weavers’ The title “Indian Weavers” indicates that the poem is about Indian weavers. and the variety of the clothes that the have to weave according to the occasions or incidents. It is a narrative poem written in the form of questions and answers. The poem represeits the true soul of India. It also depicts tradition and cultur particularly e importance of the colours during the journey of life ahd its.stages. Sarojini Naidu is called as the nightingale of India. Her poe' marked with the true soul of India. She is known for th clarity i thoughts. She depicts in her poems the philosophy of life.\As a poet f she is a humanitarian in a true sense. |In this poem Saroj speaks about three important stages of life and relates them with different colours and different parts of the day. Birth is the first stage and blue cloth is woven in the morning. For marriage greel purple veil is woven in the evening and finally white shroud for dead is woven at night. the poet has used very simple but sweet and rhythmical language. It is written in colloquial form. The poem is full of musical words like halcyon, plumes and feather. The rhyme scheme of the poem is ‘aabb’. Repetition, Alliteration, Metaphor and Simile are the major figures of speech. Every third line of the poem has simile as a figure of speech. Parts of the day are explicitly compared with the different stages -of life hence metaphor is a dominant figure of speech in the poem. Rhythm, philosophy, symbolism, imagery are the special features of the poem. The poet has painted the Picture of Indian weavers who weave tirelessly at different times of a day. This poem has been used as an imagery to describe the three stages of human life, from birth to death, just as the weavers weave from dawn to night. The poem gives the true picture of the Indian traditions. We get clear understanding of the real sense of India. The poem is highly rhythmical. The words are 3simple and musical. | like this poem very much for its picturesque qualities,Appreciation The title Inchcape Rock is significant in many ways. It is a symbol of goodness. It also represents the virtue and an act of goodness. The Inchcape Rock is a long narrative poem. It is written in the form of ballad. This poem depicts the story of an Inchcape Bell and the story moves from one incident to another. It creates vivid pictures in the mind of the readers. Poet Robert Southey is a famous poet who belonged to Romantic School of poetry. He is famous for writing narrative poems. Present poem is also a dramatic or a narrative poem which gives the message to be good. This poem has a moral theme. The poem that teaches something is also called as didactic poem. The poem depicts the poetic justice that crime or wrong doing results in its own punishment. It conveys the message that if you do good, good will come back to you and if you do bad, bad will come back to you. The Rover cuts the rope attached to the bell to annoy the good Abbot of Aberbrothok, as sailors blessed him for installing the Inchcape bell and to create problems for other helpless sailors which saved their lives. But at the end he falls into his own laid trap and regrets helplessly. This poem is a long 6oem of oe. aah ee quatrains. First two lines of every stanza rhyme other(aa) and the third line with the fourth(bb). Allit i epeedein and personification are the significant figures of jee Xample of Alliteration is: The ship was as still as she could Figures of speech: ° No stir in the air, no stir in the sea - Alliteration. Repetition. The ship was as still as she could be - Simile - the slight movement of the ship is compared to complete stillness. Alliteration. Personification - ship is given human quality of she. Her sails from heaven received no motion. - Personification - the ship is given the human quality of her. Inversion - sentence not in proper order - proper order should be - her sails received no motion from heaven. * Without either sign or sound of their shock - Alliteration. Sound ‘s’ is repeated. So little they rose, so little they fell- Repetition. Antithesis - two opposite words rose and fell are used. ¢ On a buoy in the stream it floated and swung - Personification - the Inchcape bell has been given the human quality of swinging and floating. * Inversion - sentence is in not in proper order - the proper order should be - it floated and swung on a buoy in the stream. * 7. And over the waves its warning rung- Inversion - proper order - And its warning rung over the waves. Alliteration. © When the rock was hid by the surge’s swell - Alliteration. © And then they knew the perilous rock - Alliteration. * The sun in the heaven was shining gay - Transferred epithet - gay quality is transferred from people to sun. © All things were joyful on that day - Personification - humanpe ful is given tO all things. ee screamed as they wheel’d round - ‘on the ocean Inversion - n ocean. quality of joy! « The sea birds » The darker speck the darker speck on the greet : it made him sing d whistle conveys sound. ess - Alliteration. Synecdoche = ful to excess not just his heart. proper order ~ -Repetition. « It made him whistle, Onomatopoeia - the wor «© His heart was mirthful to exc it was Sir Ralph who was mirt * Quoth he, “My men, put out the boat” - Inversion - proper order is - He quoth, “My men, put out the boat. Alliteration. * And to the Inchcape rock they go - Inversion - proper order ~ ‘And they go to the Inchcape rock. © Sir Ralph bent over from the boat - Alliteration. * Down sunk the bell with a gurgling sound - Onomatopoeia — the word gurgling conveys sound. Inversion ~ proper order should be - the bell sank down with the gurgling sound. * The bubbles rose and burst around - Alliteration. * Quoth Sir Ralph, - Inversion - proper order - Sir Ralph quoth * He scour'd the seas for many a day ~ Alliteration. * He steers his course for Scotland’s shore - Alliteration, * So thick a haze o’erspreads the sky -Inversi ion — pro} order - a haze so thick o'erspreads the sky. proper * . They cannot see the sun on the high - Alliteration. * At evening it hath died away - Inversi i ~ Inversi _ i hath died away at evening. ” oe os * On the deck the Rover takes hi es his stand - | - order-the Rover takes his stand on the ied es * So dark it is they see no land ~ In So dark they see no land, Pare * Quoth Sir Raalph, “It will be lighter soon’, Inversio; “i n~ 8 Properorder ~ Sir Ralph quoth, “It will be soon lighter”. For there is the dawn of the rising moon - Metaphor ~ the rising of the moon is indirectly compared to dawn. Canst hear’, said one, the breakers roar? - Onomatopoela ~ the word roar conveys sound. Inversion - proper order ~ one said “The breakers roar, canst hear” For me thinks we should be near the shore ~Alliteration. Now where we are | cannot tell - Inversion - proper order - now I cannot tell where we are. Alliteration. * But I wish I could hear the Inchcape bell -Repetition. © they hear no sound, the swell is strong - Alliteration. © Though the wind hath fallen they drift along - Alliteration. © Till the vessel strikes with a shivering shock - Alliteration. * 0 Christ! - Exclamation - a strong emotion is expressed. Apostrophe - a direct address is made to Christ who is not present. © Sir Ralph the Rover tore his hair ~ Alliteration. © He cursed himself in his despair - Alliteration. © One dreadful sound could the Rover hear - Inversion ~ proper order ~ the Rover could hear one dreadful sound. ¢ . A sound as if with the Inchcape Bell, the Devil below was ringing his knell - Onomatopoeia - the sound ringing conveys sound. Metaphor - the Inchcape Bell is indirectly compared to the death knell. Compose 4 to 6 lines on ‘sea’. 1 like the blue Arabian sea View of dolphin without any fee, Sitting on shore, taking the tea Spending some time tension free,Appreciation of the poem ‘Mon The poem m vis written by William H. Davis deals with the Poet's status both, a rich and Rarrative, the poet has depicted a connectio happiness, Th money and happiness since the poet Umes of richness, and much few. poor. the poem has bee follows a differe defe st Lis a reflective poem that a poor man. Based on his own n between money and personal Inverse relationship between had many false friends during his er but real friends when he h n written in five stanz nt rhyme scheme of each st: ‘anza 3- ghih stanza 4- jklk stanza 5- al The poet has be. such as Allite as become of four lines each and ‘anza- stanza 1- abcb stanza 2- al. autitied the poem by employing numerous figures of speech tion, Cons nation, Inversior, Metaphor, Simile, tition ample of Onomatopoeia from the i where the word ‘hum’ denotes the sound made as they constantly talk about their husbands work night. Among the special features of the poem, im: {sentence is carried over to the next line in poetry without pause)are more Prominent, The use of imagery can be seen in the Phrases ‘Came knocking all day at my di Ti ild that holds a trum pet that he must not blow’ and ‘seen how poor men’s hearts ar light’, ‘Wives hum like bees’, hear poor ones laugh’ “go up and come down’. The mora essage of the poem is it teaches us to identify the difference between true and untrue friends, | think that money is equ ally important in today’s world. But | still like the poem for its simplicity and expressions, poem is ‘And how their wives do by the wives ing from morning till agery and enjambment Figures of speech: Money 1 When Thad money, money, 0! ~ Repetition and Exclamation, 2. For many a false man asa friend Come knocking all day at my door ~ Inversion - ¢, came knocking all d. jay at my door as a friend all day, man as a friend ~ Simile- compared to a friend. As is used. - Jor many a false man 3. For many a false a false man is directly Alliteration - sound '! is repeated at my door ~ Alliteration — sound ‘dis rej 5. "Then felt like a child that holds 4. Came knocking all day peaQ.8 Appreciation - Small towns and rive! The poem ‘Small Towns and Rivers’ written by Mamang Dai, a weiter from north-east india. is a nature poem. It is also a lament of the poet about her beautiful native land of Arunachal Pradesh. The theme is shown in the way she begins the poem, that small towns remind her of death. It is shocking, She says that the town is unchanging in all weathers, but development it comes along and changes everything. There is irony in that. The cycle of life and death shows that life is not permanent, but the rituals are permanent. The poem consists seven stanzas of unequal length and is written in free verse, thus it does not have rhyme scheme. The lines are short. The versus are lucid, The poet has used poetic devices like allite-ation, antithesis, personification, simile, transferred epithet to beautify the poem. Examples: the river has a soul - personification. In the summer it cuts through the land like a torrent of grief - simile. It will walk into the golden east, into the house of the Sun ~ metaphor. The river has a predominant presence in her poem. It is depicted as the one, on which lie numerous small towns, one with a soul, the one which brings grief to the inhabitants of the towns in summer and knows the immortality of its water She uses metaphor that the rivers are not only alive like us humans, but actually immortal. She personifies the river by way the river ‘holds its breath’ because it is choking, It is flowing in search of a place where it will flow clean and clear. The poet uses metaphor of the water cycle to illustrate the river has a soul and its waters are immortal. Traditional belief that the souls of the dead dwell in nature, and rise with the sun form imagery in the poem. The elaborate description of the river as a living entity also make for the special feature of the poem. she speaks of how the dead are placed pointing west, so the soul can ascend directly into the sun's golden home in the east. This tells us about the é traditions of her region We can understand the full depth of meaning only after reading it more than once. The poem is a lament abo it the destruction of nature for development. We all will feel the sorrow of the poet when we read about how nature's beauty is damaged for man’s greed called ‘progress’. ; The main message of the poem is the conveying of the poet's feelings about nature and the small towns which lie by the river. The pcet is appealing 5our vicinity. ts like rivers, mountains, trees 17 ay, ‘The poem is interesting conserve the natural element nd negative aspects. The poet employs nature to imply positivity like the poem for its curious mix of the positive an Figures of speech: Just the other day someone died ~ Alliteration Life and death, life and death ~ Antithesis, Repetition, In the dreadful silence we wept - inversion - the correct order -we wept in the dreadful silence, ‘The river has a soul ~ personification. The river knows the immortality of the water ~ personification In the summer it cuts through the land like a torrent grief - simile - direct comparison between the sorrow of the river and the torrent of grief. It will walk into the garden east, into the house of the sun - metaphor - indirect comparison between the house of the sun and the heaven. In the dreadful silence we wept - transferred Epithet ~ adjective dreadful is transferred from the person to silence. Looking at the sad wreath of tuberoses ~ adjective sad is transferred from person to the wreath, Or the wind howling down the gorge ~ onomatopoeia - the sound of the wind is conveyed through the word howling. 2. Appreciation ~ she walks in beauty The title ‘She walks in beauty’ is a strange way of saying that the woman described in the poem is beautiful. The title indicates that the whole living, breathing and walking of the woman is beautiful. Poet Lord Byron is a famous romantic English poet known for his skill of describing the things. minutely. Child Harold's pilgrimage is the most popular volume of poetry written by him. She walks in beauty is a lyrical poem that describes the beauty of an unnamed woman, it celebrates the female beauty. The poet tries to indicate her that beauty of her external appearance is an outcome of innocence, peace of mind and her kindness. Each feature of the poem her eyes, her air, her cheeks her brow and the colour of her skin is praised by comparing to various things.The main theme of the about the perfect blend and extern: poem is the description of beauty. The poet talks of light, and dark, inner peace , goodness, innocence al beauty. This blend brings out the perfect example of beauty. This poem is little bit complicated to understand though the language of the Poem is not so difficult. The image of beauty is compared with the image of night which is a perfect blend of brightness and darkness. Simile, metaphor, alliteration, personification and anti-thesis are the eflective figures of speech used in the poem. The poet has used rhyming scheme ‘ababab’ in all the three stanzas. She walks in beauty, like the night.Of cloudless climes and starry skies - simile. Which waves in every raven tress, or softly lightens o'er her face - Metaphor. A mind at peace with all below,A heart whose love is innocent!- Synecdoche The examples of antithesis are used to stress the balance like light - bright, tender light- gaudy day, more-less. The poet tries to descvibe the beauty of an unnamed woman and expresses that it is difficult to describe the beauty by saying that its ‘nameless grace’ is an interesting feature of the poem. Due to its lyrical qualities the poem has beautiful rhythri and a tone of appreciation. The message is about the importance of inner beauty which is almost a divine thing that will make external beauty possible. The beauty that appears externally is the result of the inner peace, kindness and innocence is the valuable message of the poem. | think the poet warts to suggest that the real beauty is the inner beauty and we should appreciate it more. The poem makes us to realise one should look deeper than just outward appearance. Figures of speech: She walks in beauty 1, She walks in beauty, like the night Of cloudless climes and starry skies - simile -a woman has been compared to a aight of cloudless climes and starry skies. 2. Alliteration - the sound ‘k’ and's’ is repeated And all that’s best of dark and bright meet in her aspect and her e: yes - Antithesis - two opposite words dark and bright are used. Alliteration - sound ‘b’ is repeated.denies. - e: dy day 3. Thus mellowed to that tender light Which heaven to gaudy Inversion ~ 4 g tender. Personification ~ light is given the human quality of being ten Alliteration ~ sound 't’ and ‘d’ is repeated. aven is substituted for God or the atmosphere. Metonymy - the he: alf impaired the nameless 4, One shade the more, one ray the less, Had h grace - Alliteration - sound’'h’ is repeated Antithesis - the words more and less are used. 5. Which waves in every raven tress, or softly lightens o'er her face ~ Metaphor - the darkness of the woman's tress has been indirectly compared to raven’s black feathers Alliteration - sound ‘w’ is repeated. Where thoughts serenely sweet express, How pure, how dear their dwelling-place.- metaphor ~ the mind is indirectly compared to a dwelling place. Personification - thoughts are given human quality. Inversion - sentence not in proper order. Alliteration - the sound ‘s’ and ‘d’ is repeated. 6. And on that cheek, and o'er that brow, So soft, so calm, yet eloquent - alliteration ~ sound ‘s' is repeated. Personification - the woman’s cheeks and brow are given human quality of being expressive. The smiles that win, the tints that glow, But tell of days in goodness spent ~ personification ~ smiles have been given human quality of winning and tints of being able to tell. Inversion - Alliteration - sound 't’ ‘g' and ‘s’ is repeated.