1/11/2024

DISASTER!!!!

Writing a Cause and effect paper

Flu Pandemic
1918
• The influenza or flu pandemic of 1918 to 1919, the
deadliest in modern history, infected an estimated 500
million people worldwide–about one-third of the
planet's population at the time–and killed an estimated
20 million to 50 million victims.

1
 1/11/2024

The Triangle
Shirtwaist
Factory Fire
The Triangle Shirtwaist
Factory fire in the Greenwich
Village neighborhood
of Manhattan, New York City, on
March 25, 1911, was the deadliest
industrial disaster in the history
of the city, and one of the
deadliest in U.S. history. The fire
caused the deaths of 146 garment
workers– 123 women and girls
and 23 men] – who died from the
fire, smoke inhalation, or falling
or jumping to their deaths.

HURRICANE
KATRINA
2005

• Early in the morning on August 29, 2005, Hurricane

Katrina struck the Gulf Coast of the United States.
When the storm made landfall, it had a Category 3
rating on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale–it
brought sustained winds of 100–140 miles per hour–
and stretched some 400 miles across.

2
 1/11/2024

Chernobyl On April 26, 1986, the world’s worst nuclear power plant
accident occurs at the Chernobyl nuclear power station in the

1986
Soviet Union. Thirty-two people died and dozens more
suffered radiation burns in the opening days of the crisis, but
only after Swedish authorities reported the fallout did Soviet
authorities reluctantly admit that an accident had occurred.

THE GREAT CHICAGO

FIRE
1871

• The Chicago Fire of 1871, also called the Great Chicago

Fire, burned from October 8 to October 10, 1871, and
destroyed thousands of buildings, killed an estimated
300 people and caused an estimated $200 million in
damages. Legend has it that a cow kicked over a
lantern in a barn and started the fi

3
 1/11/2024

HARTFORD
CIRCUS
FIRE
1944
In Hartford, Connecticut, a fire
breaks out under the big top of
the Ringling Bros. and Barnum &
Bailey Circus, killing 167 people
and injuring 682. Two-thirds of
those who perished were
children. The cause of the fire was
unknown, but it spread at
incredible speed, racing up the
canvas of the circus tent. Scarcely
before the 8,000 spectators
inside the big top could react,
patches of burning canvas began
falling on them from above, and a
stampede for the exits began.

Three Mile
Island
Accident
The Three Mile Island
accident was a partial meltdown
of the Three Mile Island reactor in
Pennsylvania. It began at 4
a.m. on March 28, 1979. It is the
most significant accident in U.S.
commercial nuclear power plant
history. On the seven-point
International Nuclear Event
Scale, it is rated Level 5 -
Accident with Wider
Consequences.

4
 1/11/2024

WILHELM
GUSTLOFF
1945
On January 30, 1945, some 9,000
people perished aboard this
German ocean liner after it was
torpedoed by a Soviet submarine
and sank in the frigid waters of
the Baltic Sea.

Silver Bridge
Collapse
On December 15, 1967, the Silver
Bridge collapsed under the weight of
rush-hour traffic, resulting in the
deaths of 46 people. Two of the victims
were never found. Investigation of the
wreckage pointed to the cause of the
collapse being the failure of a single
eyebar in a suspension chain, due to a
small defect 0.1 inches (2.5 mm) deep.
Analysis showed that the bridge was
carrying much heavier loads than it
had originally been designed for and
had been poorly maintained.

10

5
 1/11/2024

SULTANA
1865
The passenger ship Sultana
exploded on the Mississippi River
killing over 1,800 civilians and
soldiers returning from the
battlefield after the Civil War.
Though the war had officially
ended, was this tragedy the work
of Confederate agents?

11

Iroquois
Theatre Fire
The Iroquois Theatre
fire occurred on
December 30, 1903, at
the Iroquois Theatre
in Chicago, Illonois,
United States. It was the
deadliest theater fire and
the deadliest single-
building fire in U.S.
history, resulting in at
least 602 deaths.

12

6
 1/11/2024

TENERIFE
AIRPORT
DISASTER
1977
In 1977, two 747 jumbo jets crash
into each other on the runway at
an airport in the Canary Islands,
killing 582 passengers and crew
members.
Both Boeing 747s were charter
jets that were not supposed to be
at the Los Rodeos Airport on
Santa Cruz de Tenerife that day.
er on the runway at an airport in
the Canary Islands, killing 582
passengers and crew members.
Both Boeing 747s were charter
jets that were not supposed to be
at the Los Rodeos Airport on
13

Hillsborough
Disaster
The Hillsborough disaster was a
fatal human crush during
a football match at Hillsborough
Stadium in Sheffield, South Yorkshire.
England, on 15 April 1989. It occurred
during an FA Cup semi-final
between Liverpool and Nottingham
Forest in the two standing-only central
pens allocated to Liverpool supporters.
Shortly before kick-off, in an attempt to
ease overcrowding outside the entrance
turnstiles, the police match commander
David Duckenfield ordered exit gate C to
be opened, leading to an influx of
supporters entering the pens. This
resulted in overcrowding of those pens
and the crush. With 97 deaths and 766
injuries, it has the highest death toll in
British sporting history

14

7
 1/11/2024

Sunshine Mine
1972
• I lost a few friends in that disaster,” said Jim Campbell, of
Kellogg, after turning out the headlamps that signified
each of the 91 miners killed in the Sunshine Mine fire in
1972. Campbell, a miner there since 1975, was attending a
memorial service in Big Creek, Idaho. Lyle Findley was one
of 91 miners who perished from carbon monoxide
poisoning in the Sunshine Mine fire on May 2, 1972.
• The deaths spread tragedy throughout the Silver Valley.
Wasson’s mother became a widow at 22. Her
grandmother never stopped grieving the loss of her oldest
son.

15

SS Easton
Disaster
The SS Eastland was a
passenger ship based
in Chicago and used for tours.
On 24 July 1915, the ship
rolled over onto its side while
tied to a dock in the Chicago
River. A total of 844
passengers and crew were
killed in what was the largest
loss of life from a single
shipwreck on the Great Lakes.

16

8
 1/11/2024

CANYON
LAKE
DAM
During the night of June
9,Canyon Lake Dam became
clogged with debris and failed,
resulting in 238 deaths and 3,057
injuries. Several bodies were
never found. Over 1,335 homes
and 5,000 automobiles were
destroyed.

17

HALIFAX EXPLOSION
1917

• The massive explosion killed more than 1,800 people,

injured another 9,000–including blinding 200–and
destroyed almost the entire north end of the city of
Halifax, including more than 1,600 homes. The resulting
shock wave shattered windows 50 miles away, and the
sound of the explosion could be heard hundreds of miles
away.

18

9
 1/11/2024

HINDENBURG
1937
The airship Hindenburg, the largest dirigible
ever built and the pride of Nazi Germany,
bursts into flames upon touching its mooring
mast in Lakehurst, New Jersey, killing 36
passengers and crewmembers.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-
hartford-circus-fire

19

ESCHEDE
DERAILMENT
1998
Hanover Station, the police declared a
“major emergency” and dispatched rescue
teams. Over 1,000 rescue workers
descended on the accident site. Despite
their efforts, 101 people lost their lives and
88 more were seriously injured in the
mishap. The derailment at. Eschede was
Germany's worst train accident since World
War II.

20

10
 1/11/2024

The Great
Smog of
London
The Great Smog of London,
or Great Smog of 1952, was a
severe air pollution event that
affected London, England, in
December 1952. A period of
unusually cold weather, combined
with an anticyclone and windless
conditions, collected airborne
pollutants—mostly arising from
the use of coal—to form a thick
layer of smog over the city. It
lasted from Friday 5 December to
Tuesday 9 December 1952, then
dispersed quickly when the
weather changed

21

DEEP WATER
HORIZON
• On April 20, 2010, an explosion on the Deepwater
Horizon Macondo oil well drilling platform tragically
killed 11 workers, and started the largest marine oil
spill in U.S. history, releasing millions of barrels of oil
into the Gulf of Mexico.

22

11
 1/11/2024

NASA
CHALLENGER
EXPLOSION
The NASA space shuttle
Challenger exploded on January
28, 1986, just 73 seconds after
liftoff, bringing a devastating end
to the spacecraft's 10th mission.
The disaster claimed the lives of all
seven astronauts aboard, including
Christa McAuliffe, a teacher from
New Hampshire who would have
been the first civilian in space.

23

This will
be a
reflective
cause and We will be looking
back on an disastrous
Making connections
to illustrate what
caused the incident

effect incident and and what effect it had

in the world after.

paper

24

12
 1/11/2024

INFORMATIONAL
PAPER

-TWO SOURCES
-READ/COMPARE
-ORGANIZE
-DETERMINE
CAUSE
-DETERMINE
EFFECT

25

Research
Find and
Try to find EFFECT
print two And will be Create
articles two EFFECT of changes in a works
about your different the something cited
subject Try to dates, one disaster because of
page in
much later what
find two We are happened- MLA
different looking for laws, format
sources info on regulations
CAUSE , attitudes
etc.

26

13
 1/11/2024

Works Cited • Titled Works Cited

• Alphabetical order
• Double spaced
• Each entry in this order:

Author last name, first. “Title of article”, Title of Web site,

Sponsoring organization, date.

27

Pull up both articles Works Cited

pull up citation machine
open blank document “Deconstructing History: Titanic,” History, Arts and
Entertainment Network, 12 Jan 2012, 5 Feb. 2018
“Titanic is Sunk with Great Loss of Life,” The Guardian
Archive, Guardian New and Media, 16 April 1912,
5 Feb 2018.

28

14
 1/11/2024

Structure of Introduction:
No citations- this is from you
the Paper Give the background of the event and your first impressions.
Make it interesting
Make it personal

29

Structure of Body Paragraph 1:

the Paper What happened- in detail-
Timeline of events
Key players

30

15
 1/11/2024

Structure of Body Paragraph 2:

the Paper What are believed to be the causes for what happened
during and after the disaster

31

Structure of Conclusion:
the Paper How has this event changed some aspect of the
world we live in now?
(Changes in laws or attitudes or the way things are
done)

32

16
 1/11/2024

Structure of Give the background of the event and your first

the Paper impressions.

Make it interesting
Cite the article by the first thing stated on Make it personal
the Works Cited page (name or title
What happened- in detail-
Timeline of events
Citations needed Key players
Initial: According to the article,
“Deconstructing History: Titanic” the What are believed to be the causes for what
Ship received several iceberg warnings.. happened during and after the disaster
How has this event changed some aspect of the
Later: The Titanic’s Captain ignored the
warnings because the ship was trying to set a
world we live in now?
new record for speed in crossing the Atlantic. (Changes in laws or attitudes or the way things are
(“Deconstructing History: Titanic”)
done)

33

Minimum of two pages of text

Works cited page is Must contain at

the last page and least two intext
does not count as citations from the
one of the two articles on the
required pages. works cited page

34

17