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BP Regulation

The document discusses the regulation of blood pressure through short-term and long-term mechanisms, including autoregulation, baroreceptor and chemoreceptor regulation, and the renin-angiotensin system. Autoregulation allows tissues to manage their blood flow, with theories such as myogenic, metabolic, and plasma skimming explaining this process. Additionally, the document outlines how various reflexes and systems interact to maintain blood pressure homeostasis.

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60 views17 pages

BP Regulation

The document discusses the regulation of blood pressure through short-term and long-term mechanisms, including autoregulation, baroreceptor and chemoreceptor regulation, and the renin-angiotensin system. Autoregulation allows tissues to manage their blood flow, with theories such as myogenic, metabolic, and plasma skimming explaining this process. Additionally, the document outlines how various reflexes and systems interact to maintain blood pressure homeostasis.

Uploaded by

myselfkaran306
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Regulation of

Blood Pressure
Prof. (Dr.) Sumana Panja
Regulation of Blood Pressure
•Short term
• Autoregulation
• Myogenic theory
• Metabolic Theory
• Plasma skimming Theory
• Baroreceptor Regulation
• Chemoreceptor regulation
• CNS Ischemic response
• Long Term Regulation
• Renin-Angiotensin system
• Renal Pressure Natriuresis Diuresis system
LOCAL REGULATION
AUTOREGULATION
• The capacity of tissues to regulate their blood flow is called autoregulation.
• This capacity is well developed in the kidneys but has also been observed in the
mesentery, skeletal muscle, brain, liver, and myocardium.
• myogenic theory of autoregulation
• Pressure rises the blood vessels are distended the vascular smooth
muscle fibres that surround the vessels contract
• metabolic theory of autoregulation
• Vasodilator substances tend to accumulate in active tissues,
• H+, CO2, Lactic acid, Adenosine- these "metabolites" also contribute to autoregulation
• Plasma Skimming Theory of Autoregulation/Capillary Fluid Shift- Increase of BP Increase in
hydrostatic pr Plasma Shift from vessels to interstitial Space Bp decreases
Baroreceptor
Reflex
factors
affecting the
caliber of the
arterioles.
NO on VSM
Receptors of VSM

Endothelin on VSM
Effect of
baroreceptor
Reflex
Feedback control of blood pressure

Brainstem excitatory input to sympathetic nerves to the


heart and vasculature increases heart rate and stroke
volume and reduces vessel diameter

Together these increase blood pressure, which activates the


baroreceptor reflex to reduce the activity in the brainstem.
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia

Direct interaction between the


respiratory and cardiac centers in
the medulla, as well as by reflexes
that originate from stretch receptors
in the lungs

Stretch receptors in the right atrium


(the Bainbridge reflex),

Baroreceptors in the carotid sinuses


and aortic arch
Chemoreceptor Reflex-

The Primary Effect of Stimulation of


Peripheral Chemoreceptors on the
Heart Rate
Excite the Cardiac Vagal Center in the
Medulla and Thus Decrease the Heart
Rate.
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
Sequential steps by which
increased extracellular fluid
volume increases the arterial
pressure.

Increased cardiac output has


a direct effect of increasing
arterial pressure

an indirect impact by first


growing the total peripheral
resistance.
Renin-
angiotensin
vasoconstrictor
mechanism for
arterial
pressure
control
Short-term integrated control of BP
Long-term integrated control of BP

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