Professional Education

Concepts, Perspectives, and Frameworks Action

 Research is defined as study conducted by educators on their own behalf. (Mertler, 2009)
 Teachers can improve the quality and efficacy of their interactions with students by examining their own classrooms, instructional
strategies, assessment procedures, and methods through Action Research. (Mertler, 2009)
 Action research is the process of methodically testing new ideas in the classroom or school, evaluating the findings, and choosing
whether to proceed with the new concept or start over with a different one.
 Action research is a research method that aims to simultaneously investigate and solve an issue. In other words, as its name suggests,
action research conducts research and acts at the same time.
 It focused on solving a problem or informing individual and community-based knowledge in a way that impacts teaching, learning, and
other related processes.

Purpose of Action Research

- To improve teaching and learning by taking a collaborative, reflective, problem-solving approach to investigating classroom practice. Action research
involves cycles of planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting on changes made to improve practice.

Needs and Demands for Action Research Who can be an action researcher? - Any teacher who intends to:

 Learn other information about education:

 Enhance your knowledge and abilities as an instructor.
 Act to enhance the educational experience of students.

Addressing and Conquering Research Constraints

1. Time constraint 6. Difficulty in identifying topic or problem.
2. Lack of research competence 7. Financial constraint
3. Lack of research interest 8. Lack of reading initiative
4. Lack of confidence 9. Complexity in gathering data.
5. Lack of statistical skill 10. Lack of administrative support

Research Processes and Procedures

Steps in Action Research

1. Identify the problem.
2. Define an Intervention
3. Apply intervention and collect data.
4. Analyze data and findings.
5. Act based on results.
6. Share finding

TYPES OF ACTION RESEARCH (FERRANCE, 2000)

1. Individual Action Research – done by one teacher-researcher.

• Identified problem: single classroom issue.
• Support system: supervisor, co-teacher/s, parents
• Expected effects: instruction, assessment change.

2. Collaborative Action Research – done by two or more teacher-researchers.

• Identified problem: single issue or a common problem.
• Support system: supervisor, community, parents, organizations
• Expected effects: curriculum, instruction, assessment, policy.

3. School-Wide Action Research – involves the whole school administration, faculty, and/or personnel.
• Identified problem: school problem or area of collective interest.
• Support system: school commitment, leadership, partners
• Expected effects: school restructuring, policy change, program evaluation.

4. District-Wide Action Research – involves the whole district administration, school heads, and/or personnel
 Identified problem: district issue or organizational structure concerns
 Support system: district commitment, leadership, partners
 Expected effects: allocation of resources, policy change, structure evaluation

VARIETIES OF ACTION RESEARCH

1. A diagnostic researcher examines an issue already present and makes a diagnosis.
2. The recommendations for problem resolution are derived from the utilization of participant data.
3. Only empirical findings are based on tangible, independently verified facts.

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4. Experimental: a scientific method utilizing a hypothesis and two sets of variables

RESEARCH FUNDAMENTALS
I. Introduction
 It must be written in at least 1 or 2 pages and must contain the following: problem, supporting data,
 Previous related studies, significance of the study, statement of purpose and impact, connection of the
 Problem to the researcher.

II. Research Questions

 A good classroom action research question should:
 Be meaningful, compelling, and important to you as a teacher-researcher.
 Be manageable and within your sphere of influence.
 Be important for learners.
 Benefits your students by informing your teaching and the curriculum, by providing new insights about.
 Students and their learning, by broadening and deepening your perspectives, or by improving practice.
 Lead to taking an action.

III. Conducting a Literature Review (Holly, Arhar, and Kasten ,2005)

 Read broadly and generally, at first, then read more narrowly.
 When you are researching a novel topic that seems to have few resources, look for related topics and then synthesize them.
 Consult primary resources as possible.
 Ask for help.
 Read enough to get started, but not so much that you become too exhausted to conduct your study.
 Read with a critical eye.

IV. Scope and Limitations of the Study

 The scope identifies the boundary or coverage of the study in terms of subjects, objectives, facilities, areas, time frame, issues.
 The limitations define the constraints or weaknesses that are not within the control of the researcher; those that are not expected to be
covered by the study. (Zulueta & Costales, 2005)

V. Significance of the Study

 This expresses the value or Importance of the study or the contributions of the results.
 Beneficiaries are arranged according to the degree of significance to them.

VI. Research Designs

 The research design refers to the overall strategy that you choose to integrate the different components of the study in a coherent and
logical way, thereby, ensuring you will effectively address the research problem;
 It constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement, and analysis of data.

KINDS OF RESEARCH DESIGNS

 Qualitative – requires the collection of narrative data and utilizes an inductive reasoning approach
 Quantitative – requires the collection of numerical data and utilizes a deductive reasoning approach
 Mixed Method – combines both quantitative and qualitative types of data

METHODS/STRATEGIES OF QUALITATIVE DESIGN

 Ethnography – describes interactions between people in cultural and social settings
 Case Study – in-depth study of individual activities, people, or groups
 Phenomenological Studies – explores and focuses on people’s experience of a phenomena.
 Narrative Research – studies individual lives and asks subjects to provide stories about their lives, which is then retold into a narrative
chronology.

METHODS/STRATEGIES OF QUANTITATIVE DESIGN

 Experimental Research – uses a scientific approach towards manipulating one or more control variables and measuring their defect on
the dependent variables.
 Non-Experimental Research – describes a phenomenon simply as it stands, or a relationship between two or more variables, all without
any interference.

METHODS IN MIXED METHOD

 Sequential – may begin with qualitative interview for exploratory purposes and followed by quantitative survey method for generalization.
 Concurrent – converging or merging qualitative and quantitative methods Transformative – using theoretical lens as an overarching
perspective.
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
 It is the manner of organizing and reporting collected data, while analyzing and interpreting them.
 Presentation can be done using tables, graphs, charts, etc.

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CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

 Conclusions are the valid outgrowth of the findings you would like to share together with your research statement.
 Recommendations include suggestions to future researchers who would like to pursue investigation related to the same problem.

REFERENCES AND APPENDICES

 References are listings of sources of materials that are alphabetically arranged. Appendices are questionnaires, letter/s of transmittal,
legal documents, and supplementary materials, referred to or have been cited in the study.

DATA COLLECTION TOOLS

 Observations – watching people, events, or noting physical characteristics in their natural setting.

 Anecdotal Records – detailed descriptive narrative recorded after a specific behavior or interaction occurs.

 Field Notes – like anecdotal records, except that they include impressions and interpretations.

 Ecological Behavior Descriptions – Behavioral ecology is the study of behavioral interactions between individuals within populations
and communities, usually in an evolutionary context.

 Diaries – personal accounts on a regular basis fl. Interviews – a qualitative research method that relies on asking questions to collect data
and in-depth information.

 Focus Group Discussions – a discussion of a selected group of people on a given topic or issue, facilitated by a professional, external
moderator.

 Checklists – structured observations or evaluation of a performance or artifact.

 Tests – highly quantitative tools that bring more reliable results.

 Survey Questionnaires – used for collecting data in survey research; includes a set of questions that explore a specific content.

 Authentic Assessment – measurement of demonstrated skills and competencies through rubrics.

PORTFOLIO
1. Documentary Analysis – interpretations of recorded materials (student grades, faculty evaluation, enrolment records)
2. Narratives – transcribed testaments about individuals’ lives
3. Projective Techniques – doodles, graphical sketches to be interpreted by psychometricians or other concerned professionals.
4. Principle of Triangulation - It is the usage and employment of multiple sources of data in order to establish trustworthiness or
consistency of the facts.

ETHICS IN ACTION RESEARCH

4 types of Ethical Practices (Carson, et. Al, 1989)

 Ethics of Hope – action research must ensure concern for the broad range of needs of students and school community.
 Ethics of Caring – action research must put into prime consideration the general welfare of both students and teachers.
 Ethics of Openness – action research participation, purpose, and intent must be made known to all involved.
 Ethics of Responsibility – Teacher-researchers must be committed to principled action. Teacher-researchers must always ask for consent
and permission when retrieving and recording data.

ACTION RESEARCH VS. OTHER RESEARCH METHODS

One of the main differences between action research and other research methods is that action research focuses on solving specific problems. It is
also designed to be interactive so that researchers can get feedback from those impacted by their work. This makes it an effective tool for changing
schools and other educational settings.
ACTION RESEARCH FORMAL RESEARCH
Action research in schools involves evaluating, investigating, and Formal research employs scientific methods and is objective or
analyzing methods to diagnose problems and develop practical unbiased, allowing for the application of findings to a larger audience.
solutions. It can be applied to programs or techniques, aiming for Researchers begin with a hypothesis and rigorously test it, analyzing
interactive learning, evaluation, and improvement to improve outcomes existing literature to identify multiple perspectives and solve problems.
for schools, teachers, or programs. They obtain written consent from participants in surveys or interviews,
ensuring their data is reliable and applicable to a larger audience
Action research is conducted by educators in a specific school or Emphasis is on theoretical significance, increased knowledge about
district, rather than outside observers. It focuses on practical problems teaching and learning in general.
and uses less formal research methods. The goal is to address specific

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problems, rather than producing independent findings. Action research

can contribute to the larger body of knowledge in education,
particularly within a closed system.
Action research is a school-reform strategy used by educators to Advantages of Formal Research are primary sources used and
enhance educational performance. It can cover various aspects such random sampling.
as teaching strategies, family background influence, and academic
support programs.

TEACHING LEARNING PROBLEMS

Functional Daily Lesson Plan Preparation
1. Chopped up lesson plans often miss presenting the whole big idea because it is time bounded to limited time allocation (20- 50 minutes)
depending on the subject matter.
2. Lack of sleep preparing lesson plans that leads to exhaustion.
3. Students tend to learn only a little bit of everything.

Facilitated Learning with Innovative Strategies

1. Most learners cannot afford to provide their own laptop, netbook, or iPods for academic purposes and
2. No available computer units for each learner to accommodate ICT integration.
3. Large class size did not work well for a hundred percent class interaction because time and space are very limited to accommodate all
learners.
Classroom Management
1. Students do not follow rules that prohibit littering.
2. Students do not go to school because they are assigned to look after their siblings while parents are away; and
3. Dirty shoe cover of students that are usually kept inside their bag after wearing.

RECOMMENDATION BASED ON RESEARCH

To minimize the problems encountered in the teaching-learning process, the following may be done:
 In the teaching-learning process, allocating sufficient time for scaffolding and remediation is essential in helping slow learners at risk of
failing and/or dropping out of school.

 DepEd accredited downloadable lesson plan templates would greatly help teachers save time and become more creative in planning
lessons.

 Early exposure to the English language is essentially necessary for developing globally competitive Filipinos. Foreign jargons that do not
have its counterparts in Mother Tongue language are better to be used as borrowed words. Creating another strange-MTB sounding word
to represent a foreign jargon as its MTB counterpart would potentially fail the good purpose of MTB.

 Intensifying Values education integration in the curriculum helps recover the rich good values of Filipino learners.

 Practice and attitude towards a zero-waste nation or a version of it are essential for a clean learning environment. Health education,
especially on parasitic, bacterial, and viral infestations, is essentially the key that could help solve health problems among Filipino
learners.

 Banning digital games to school-aged children would prevent them from getting addicted to it at a very young age.

PRACTICE TEST:

1. Which of the following shows a method of qualitative design, EXCEPT:

A. Observations C. Diaries
B. Checklist D. Narratives

The correct answer is D. Because narratives are kinds of portfolio not a method of qualitative design. Observations, Checklist and
Diaries are methods of qualitative design.

2. What types of action research when it is done by one teacher-researcher?

A. Individual action research C. Variaties of action research

B. School wide action research D. Collaborative action research

The correct answer is A. Because it is done by one teacher-researcher in action research. School wide action research involves the
whole school administration, faculty, and personnel. Varieties of action research where in a researcher examines an issue already present and
makes a diagnosis. And Collaborative action research is done by two or more teacher researchers
3. There are processes and procedures in action research. What is the 5th step?

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A. Analyze data and findings C. Share findings

B. Apply interventions and collect data D. Act based on result

The correct answer is D. Because act based on result is the 5 th steps in process and procedures in action. Analyze data and findings
was the 4th step in processes and procedures in action research. While, Apply interventions and collect data was the 3rd step in processes
and procedures in action research. Lastly, share findings was the 6th step in processes and procedures in action research.
4. In collaborative action research, what is the support system?

A. Supervisor, community, parents, organization C. School commitments, leadership, partners-

B. Supervisor, co-teachers, parents D. School, leaders, partners

The correct answer is A. Because supervisor, community, parents, organization is the support system. Supervisors, co-teachers,
parents have individual action research. The school commitments, leadership, partners have school wide action research and School, leaders,
partners are also has school wide action research.
5. It refers to the overall strategy that you choose to integrate the different components of the study in a coherent and logical way.

A. Action research C. Research report

B. Research design D. Research proposal

The correct answer is A. Research design it refers to the overall strategy that you choose to integrate the different components of the study
in a coherent and logical way. Action research is a process of methodically testing new ideas. Research report is well-crafted document. And
Research proposal is a structured formal document

6. Which of the following shows the difference of action research and formal research?

A. action research is conducted by educators in a specific school or district while formal research employs scientific method.
B. formal research is conducted by educators in a specific school or district while action research employs scientific method.
C. action research is conducted by educators in a general school, while formal research employs scientific method
D. action research is structured, document that explains what you plan to research, while formal research is a well-crafted document
that outlines the processes, data and findings of a systematic investigation

The correct answer is A. action research is conducted by educators in a specific school or district while formal research employs
scientific method. Formal research is conducted by educators in a specific school or district while action research employs scientific method
is just a distractor. Research proposal and research report is structured, document that explains what you plan to research, while formal
research is a well-crafted document that outlines the processes, data and findings of a systematic investigation.

7. Which of the following shows the difference between anecdotal notes and field notes?

A. Anecdotal records are detailed descriptive, narrative while field notes, include impressions and interpretation.
B. Anecdotal records are personal account on regular basis, while field notes is structured observations
C. Anecdotal record is the measurement of demonstrated skills and competencies while field notes bring more reliable results.
D. All of the above

The correct answer is A. Anecdotal records are detailed descriptive and narrative, and field notes include impressions and
interpretation. While, Anecdotal records are personal account on regular basis, while field notes is structured observations is difference
between diaries and checklist. Anecdotal record is the measurement of demonstrated skills and competencies while field notes bring more
reliable results are the difference between authentic assessment and test.

8. There are four types of ethical practices. What type of ethics in action research must ensure concern for the broad range of needs of students and
school community?

A. Ethics of responsibility C. Ethics of hopes

B. Ethics of openness D. Ethics of caring
The correct answer is C. Ethics of hopes in action research must ensure concern for the broad range of needs of students and school
community while Ethics of Responsibility must be committed to principled action. Ethics of Openness must be made known to all involved and
Ethics of Caring must put into prime consideration the general welfare of both students and teachers.

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9. It is a research design that requires the collection of numerical data and utilizes a deductive reasoning approach.

A. Qualitative research design C. Mixed method research design

B. Quantitative research design D. All of the above

The correct answer is B. Quantitative research design is kinds of research design that requires the collection of numerical data and
utilizes a deductive reasoning approach while qualitative research design is a collection of narrative data and utilizes an inductive reasoning
approach. Mixed method research design combines both quantitative and qualitative types of data and option of all the above is just a
distractor.

10. The following are research fundamentals, EXCEPT:

A. Introduction C. Conducting Literature Review

B. Research questions D. Scope and delimitation

The correct answer is D. Research fundamentals under conducting literature review. Introduction, research questions and conducting
literature review are research fundamentals.

[Link] is the kind of Research that combines both Quantitative and Qualitative?

A. Mixed Methods C. Quasi-Method

B. Combination methods D. None of the Above

12. What is the scope that identifies the boundary or coverage of the study in terms of subjects, objectives, facilities, areas, time frame, issues?
A. Significant of the Study C. Scope and Limitations of the Study
B. Statement of the Problem D. Research Methodology

[Link] include suggestions to future researchers who would like to pursue investigation related to the same problem. What part of the Research it
is?

A. Conclusion C. Interpretation of Data

B. Recommendation D. Abstract

14. It refers to the collection of written works.

A. Journal C. Newspaper
B. Diary D. Portfolio

15. In Data Collection Tools, what is the similar to anecdotal records, except that they include impressions and interpretations?
A. Portfolio C. Field Notes
B. Interpretation of Data D. Observation take-aways

16. It is the measurement of demonstrated skills and competencies through rubrics.

A. Authentic Assessment C. Traditional Assessment

B. Evaluation D. Assessment

17. A Method of Quantitative Design that gives a scientific approach towards manipulating one or more control variables and measuring their
defect on the dependent variables.
A. Sequential Research C. Narrative Research
B. Non-Experimental Research D. Experimental Research

[Link] refers to the Method of mixed methods that converging or merging qualitative and quantitative methods Transformative - using theoretical
lens as an overarching perspective.
A. Concurrent C. Cuncorent
B. Conscurent D. Concursent
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[Link] refers to the data collection tools where behavioral ecology is the study of behavioral interactions between individuals within populations and
communities, usually in an evolutionary context.
A. Anecdotal Records C. Psychological Behavior Description
B. Diaries D. None of The Above

20. ____________ are the valid outgrowth of the findings you would like to share together with your research statement.
A. Introduction of the Study C. Conclusions
B. Statement of the Problem D. recommendation

PRACTICE TEST - ANSWER KEY

1 D 6 A 11 A 16 A
2 A 7 A 12 C 17 D
3 D 8 C 13 B 18 A
4 A 9 B 14 D 19 D
5 B 10 D 15 C 20 C

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TEST:

1. What is the purpose of Action Research methodology?

A. To understand how and why educational theories and practices are developed.
B. To describe, analyze, and interpret the culture of a group over time.
C. To interpret and understand social interactions.
D. To solve a problem or to obtain information in order to inform local practice.

2. What are three types of data to consider in Action Research?

A. Analysis of documents, questionnaires, and records.
B. Checklists, observations, and surveys.
C. Observations, interviews, and analysis of documents.
D. Anecdotal data, surveys, and interviews.

3. Which of the following statements is true about Action Research?

A. Action research is a systematic inquiry conducted by teacher researchers, principals, and other stakeholders.
B. A four-step process of action research is identifying an area of focus, collecting data, analyzing data, and transforming data.
C. The two main theories of action research are critical and typical.
D. Critical action research emphasizes the importance of teachers’ autonomy.

[Link] refers to the overall strategy that you choose to integrate the different components of the study in a coherent and logical way.
A. Action research C. Research Report
B. Research Design D. Research Proposal

5. A good classroom action research question should be, EXCEPT?

A. Be meaningful, compelling, and important to you as a teacher-researcher.

B. Be manageable and within your sphere of influence.
C. Be important for learners.
D. Lead to taking a problem

6. Which of the following shows the difference between anecdotal notes and field notes?

A. Anecdotal Records is detailed descriptive narrative recorded after a specific behavior or interaction occurs while Field Notes include
impressions and interpretations.
B. Anecdotal records include impressions and interpretations while field notes narrative recorded after a specific behavior or interaction
occurs.
C. Anecdotal records recorded after general behavior while field notes include impressions and interpretations.
D. Anecdotal records include impressions and interpretations while field notes recorded before a specific behavior.

7. Which of the following the types of ethics according to Carson, et. Al, 1989?
A. Ethics of Hope C. Ethics of Openness
B. Ethics of Caring
D. All of the above

8. In conducting a Literature Review, the following shows how to conduct a literature review?

A. Read broadly and generally, at first, then read more narrowly.

B. When you are researching a novel topic that seems to have few resources, look for related topics and then synthesize them.

C. Read enough to get started, but not so much that you become too exhausted to conduct your study.
D. All of the above

9. Which of the following are examples of data collection tools?

A. Observations C. A and B
D. no correct answers
B. Checklist

[Link] of the following shows a method of Qualitative Design, except?

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A. Ethnography C. Phenomenological Studies

B. Case Study D. Experimental Research

[Link] data collection tool involves watching people, events, or noting physical characteristics in their natural setting?
A. Observations C. Field Notes
B. Anecdotal Records D. Ecological Behavior Descriptions

12. A data collection tool involves recording a detailed descriptive narrative after a specific behavior or interaction occurs?
A. a. Observations C. Field Notes
B. Anecdotal Records D. Ecological Behavior Descriptions

13. It is the data collection tool includes impressions and interpretations along with descriptive narratives?
A. Observations C. Field Notes
B. Anecdotal Records D. Ecological Behavior Descriptions

[Link] is a data collection tool relies on asking questions to collect data and in-depth information?
A. Diaries C. Focus Group Discussions
B. Interviews D. Checklists

[Link] data collection tool involves a discussion of a selected group of people on a given topic or issue?
A. Diaries C. Focus Group Discussions
B. Interviews D. Checklists

16. Which data collection tool involves transcribed testaments about individuals’ lives?
A. Diaries C. Focus Group Discussions
B. Interviews D. Narratives

17. It is the data collection tool involves doodles or graphical sketches to be interpreted by professionals?
A. Diaries C. Focus Group Discussions
B. Interviews D. Projective Techniques

[Link] ethical practice in action research ensures concern for the broad range of needs of students and the school community?
A. Ethics of Hope C. Ethics of Openness
B. Ethics of Caring D. Ethics of Responsibility

[Link] ethical practice in action research puts into prime consideration the general welfare of both students and teachers?
A. Ethics of Hope C. Ethics of Openness
B. Ethics of Caring D. Ethics of Responsibility

[Link] is the ethical practice in action research requires teacher-researchers to be committed to principled action?
A. Ethics of Hope C. Ethics of Openness
B. Ethics of Caring D. Ethics of Responsibility

[Link] research in schools focuses on:

A. Producing independent findings C. Conducting formal research methods

B. Addressing specific problems D. Observing outside observers

[Link] research employs:

A. Less formal research methods C. Iterative learning and evaluation
B. Objective and unbiased methods D. Closed system approaches

23. A research proposal aims to:

A. Analyze existing literature C. Sell the research idea to the supervisor
B. Evaluate and investigate methods D. Provide a first-hand account of the research process

24. A research report is considered:

A. A summary of the research process C. A document that provides supporting data
B. Suitable and manageable for the degree program D. An objective and accurate source of information

[Link] introduction of a research paper should include:

A. Previous related studies B. The researcher's connection to the problem

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C. The problem, supporting data, and significance D. All of the above

26.A good classroom action research question should be:

A. Broad and general C. Unrelated to the learners
B. Meaningful and compelling D. Irrelevant for informing teaching

[Link] conducting a literature review, it is important to:

A. Read with a critical eye C. Consult secondary resources only
B. Read as little as possible D. Avoid asking for help

[Link] scope of a study refers to:

A. The constraints and weaknesses C. The significance of the study
B. The boundary or coverage of the study D. The research design chosen

[Link] significance of a study expresses:

A. The value or importance of the study C. The connection to the researcher
B. The limitations of the study D. The ethical considerations involved

[Link] research design refers to:

A. The techniques or tools used to collect data C. The statistical analysis methods employed
B. The overall strategy for addressing the research problem D. The ethical principles and guidelines

[Link], interviews, and observations are examples of:

A. Data collection methods C. Research designs
B. Data analysis methods D. Ethical considerations

[Link] statistics, inferential statistics, and content analysis are examples of:
A. Data collection methods C. Research designs
B. Data analysis methods D. Ethical considerations

33. Informed consent, confidentiality, and avoidance of harm are examples of:
A. Data collection methods C. Research designs
B. Data analysis methods D. Ethical considerations

34. Action research is primarily conducted by:

A. Outside observers C. Researchers in closed systems
B. Educators in specific schools or districts D. Non-educational professionals

[Link] main goal of action research is to:

A. Produce independent findings C. Address practical problems and develop solutions
B. Contribute to the larger body of knowledge D. Analyze existing literature and multiple perspectives

[Link] purpose of a research proposal is to:

A. Sell the research idea to a larger audience C. Improve outcomes for schools and teachers
B. Conduct formal research methods D. Convince the research supervisor or committee

37.A research report serves as:

A. A summary of the research process C. A first-hand account of the research process
B. A document that outlines the research question D. An objective and accurate source of information

[Link] research question in action research should lead to:

A. Taking an action C. Conducting experiments
B. Manipulating independent variables D. Analyzing existing literature

[Link] limitations of a study are:

A. The constraints or weaknesses not within the researcher's C. The significance and contributions of the results
control D. The techniques or tools used to collect data
B. The boundary or coverage of the study

[Link] goal of formal research is to:

A. Address specific problems and develop solutions C. Analyze existing literature and multiple perspectives
B. Evaluate and investigate methods D. Produce independent findings applicable to a larger audience

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41 What is the correct arrangement of the following

I. Take action based on results.
II. Identify the problem
III. Apply intervention and collect data
IV. Define an Intervention
V. Analyze data and findings
VI. Share finding

A. II, I,V, III, VI, IV C. IV, III, VI, II, V, I

B. V, II, III, VI, I, IV D. II, IV, III, V, I, VI

[Link] type of Action Research that is the whole school administration, faculty, and/or personnel are involve.
A. Varieties of Action Research
B. School-Wide Action Research C. Individual Action Research
D. Collaborative Action Research
43. It is done by two or more teacher-researchers.
A. Collaborative Action Research C. Individual Action Research
B. Varieties of Action Research D. School-Wide Action Research

44.A scientific method utilizing a hypothesis and two sets of variables.

A. Case Study C. Exploratory
B. Experimental D. Descriptive

[Link] Research Processes and Procedures has Steps. What is the third step?
A. Define an Intervention C. Analyze data and findings.
B. Act based on results. D. Apply intervention and collect data.

[Link] is NOT included in a variety of Action Research?

A. A diagnostic researcher examines an issue already present and makes a diagnosis.
B. The recommendations for problem resolution are derived from the utilization of participant data.
C. Only theoretical findings are based on tangible, independently verified facts.
D. Experimental: a scientific method utilizing a hypothesis and two sets of variables.

[Link] is done by one teacher-researcher.

A. Individual Action Research C. Varieties of Action Research
B. School-Wide Action Research D. Collaborative Action Research

[Link] is the fifth steps in Action Research.

A. Apply intervention and collect data. C. Act based on results.
B. Analyze data and findings. D. Share finding

[Link] many steps are there in action research?

A. 5 C. 7
B. 6 D. 8

[Link] is the second step in action research?

A. Identify the problem C. Act based on results.
B. Define an Intervention D. Share finding

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REFERENCES:

A. INTERNET SITES

Llego, M. A. (2022, August 30). Action research in education: What you need to know. TeacherPH. [Link]
education/#Why_Action_Research_Is_a_Preferred_Method_of_Inquiry_in_Education

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FIELD STUDY AND YECHING INTERNSHIP - Action Research