(i) What is meant by the term ‘industry’?

Answer: Industry refers to an economic activity that is concerned with the production
of goods like the iron and steel industry, the extraction of minerals like the coal
mining industry and the provision of services like the tourism industry.
(ii) Which are the main factors which influence the location of an industry?
Answer: Setting up an industry leads to the development and growth of that
location. The factors that affect the location of industries are the easy availability of
raw materials and land, adequate supply of water and labour, access to power and
transport, presence of markets and a good amount of capital. Sometimes, the
government also provides incentives like subsidised power, lower transport cost and
other infrastructural facilities. This is done to encourage industries to be established
in economically backward areas.
(iii) Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of the modern industry
and why?
Answer: Steel is called the backbone of modern industry because almost everything
we use is either made of steel or has been made with machinery or tools made out
of steel. The steel industry is basically the feeder industry, whose products are the
raw materials for other industries.
(iv) Why has the cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai?
Answer: The warm and moist climate, proximity to the port, easy availability of raw
materials and skilled labour helped in the rapid expansion of the cotton textile
industry in Mumbai.
2. Tick the correct answer.
(i) Fort Gloster is located in
(a) West Bengal
(b) California
(c) Gujarat
Answer: (a) West Bengal
(ii) Which one of the following is a natural fiber?
(a) nylon
(b) jute
(c) acrylic
Answer: (b) Jute
3. Distinguish between the following.
(i) Agro-based and mineral-based industry
Answer: Agro-based industries use plant and animal-based products as their raw
materials. It is a source of employment for people in rural areas. Food processing,
vegetable oil, cotton textile, dairy products and leather industries are examples of
agro-based industries, whereas mineral-based industries are primary industries that
use mineral ores as their raw materials. It is a source of employment for both rural
and urban populations. Steel and Iron Industries and Heavy Machinery industries are
examples of mineral-based industries.
(ii) Public sector and joint sector industry
Answer: Industries owned and operated by the government are public sector
industries. Steel Authority of India Limited and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited are
examples of Public sector industries. On the other hand, joint sector industries are
owned and operated by the state and individuals or a group of individuals. Maruti
Udyog Limited is an example of joint sector industry.
4. Give two examples of the following in the space provided :
Answer: Iron ore and Cotton
(ii) End products: _______________ and _________________________
Answer: Steel and Cloth
(iii) Tertiary Activities: ________________ and __________
Answer: Transport and banking
(iv) Agro-based Industries: ____________ and ____________
Answer: Dairy and Sugar
(v) Cottage Industries: ___________ and ________________
Answer: pottery and basket weaving
(vi) Co-operatives: ______________________ and _____________
Answer: Mother Dairy and Anand Milk Union Limited (Amul)

1. What is Smelting?
Answer: It is the process in which metals are extracted from their ores by
heating beyond the melting point.
2. Why do industrial disasters occur?
Or
What are the main causes of industrial accidents?
Answer: In industries, accidents/disaster mainly occurs due to technical
failure or irresponsible handling of hazardous material.
3. Where was the first textile mill in India established and when?
Answer: The first textile mill in the country was established at Fort Gloster
near Kolkata in 1818 but it closed down after some time.
4. Name the major hubs of Information technology industry in the
world.
Answer: The major hubs of Information technology industry are the Silicon
Valley of Central California and the Bangalore region of India.
5. Where are iron and steel industries in the world?
Answer: The countries in which iron and steel industry is located are
Germany, USA, China, Japan and Russia.
6. Where is textile industry concentrated in the world?
Answer: Textile industry is concentrated in India, Hong Kong, South Korea,
Japan and Taiwan.
7. What is the link between the mines and the industry in Pittsburgh?
Answer: Between mines and Pittsburgh is one of the world’s best routes for
shipping ore cheaply – the famous Great Lakes waterway.
8. When and where was TISCO started?
Answer: TISCO was started in 1907 at Sakchi, near the confluence of the
rivers Subarnarekha and Kharkai in Jharkhand.
9. What are common alloying elements for steel?
Answer: Special alloys of steel can be made by adding small amounts of
other metals such as aluminium, nickel, and copper.
10. From where does the iron ore come to Pittsburgh?
Answer: The iron ore come to Pittsburgh from the iron mines at Minnesota,
about 1500 km from Pittsburgh.
11. How are industries classified on the basis of raw materials?
Or
Classify industries on the basis of source of raw materials.
Answer: Industries may be agro based, mineral based, marine based and
forest based depending on the type of raw materials they use.
112. Where the major industrial regions of the world are tend to be
located?
Answer: Major industrial regions tend to be located in the temperate
areas, near sea ports and especially near coal fields.
13. What are sunrise industries? Give examples.
Answer: Emerging industries are also known as ‘Sunrise Industries’. These
include Information technology, Wellness, Hospitality and Knowledge.
14. Where do we find the major industrial regions of the world?
Answer: Major industrial regions of the world are eastern North America,
western and central Europe, eastern Europe and eastern Asia.
15. What is meant by the term ‘industry’?
Answer: Industry refers to an economic activity that is concerned with
production of goods, extraction of minerals or the provision of services.
16. What are the main factors which influence the location of an
industry?
Answer: The factors affecting the location of industries are the availability
of raw material, land, water, labour, power, capital, transport and market.
17. Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of modern
industry and why?
Answer: Steel is often called the backbone of modern industry because
almost everything we use is either made of iron or steel or has been made
with tools and machinery of these metals.

18. What products do industrial plants in Jamshedpur produce?

Answer: In Jamshedpur, several other industrial plants were set up after
TISCO. They produce chemicals, locomotive parts, agricultural equipment,
machinery, tinplate, cable and wire.
19. What are the major industrial regions of India?
Answer: India has several industrial regions like Mumbai- Pune cluster,
Bangalore-Tamil Nadu region, Hugli region, Ahmedabad-Baroda region,
Chottanagpur industrial belt, Vishakhapatnam-Guntur belt, Gurgaon-Delhi-
Meerut region and the Kollam-Thiruvanathapuram industrial cluster.