RIZAL AND HIS
CONTEMPORARIES
Presented by:
Cabrera, Ramos, David
WEEK 7
José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso
Realonda
Seventh child in a
family of 11 children
Teodora Alonzo y Quintos
and Francisco Mercado Rizal
José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso
Realonda
3 yrs old- learned
the alphabet
(mother)
At 5- learning how
to read and write
At 5- already showed
interest to be an
artist.
José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso
Realonda
Amazed his family
by his pencil
drawing, sketches
and by his
mouldings of clay
At 8- Wrote tagalog
poems
Sa Aking mga Kabata
Kapagka ang baya’y sadyang umiibig
Sa langit salitang kaloob ng langit
Sanlang kalayaan nasa ring masapi
Katulad ng ibong nasa himpapawid
Pagka’t ang salita’y isang kahatulan
Sa bayan, sa nayo't mga kaharian
At ang isang tao’y katulad, kabagay
Ng alin mang likha noong kalayaan.
Ang hindi magmahal sa kanyang salita
Mahigit sa hayop at malansang isda
Sa Aking mga Kabata
Kaya ang marapat pagyamanin kusa
Na tulad sa inang tunay na nagpala
Ang wikang Tagalog tulad din sa Latin,
Sa Ingles, Kastila, at salitang anghel,
Sapagkat ang Poong maalam tumingin
Ang siyang naggagawad, nagbibigay sa
atin.
Ang salita nati’y tulad din sa iba
Na may alfabeto at sariling letra,
Na kaya nawala’y dinatnan ng sigwa
Ang lunday sa lawa noong dakong una.
Obtained Bachelor of Arts degree from
the Ateneo Municipal de Manila
Same year- enrolled in philosophy and
letters at the University of Santo Tomas.
Medicine at the University of Santo Tomas
José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso
Realonda
May 3, 1882 - he
sailed for spain
where he continued
to studies at the
Universidad
Centralde Madrid
22 languages
Includes Arabic, Catalan, Chinese, English, French,
German, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, Latin, Malayan,
Portuguese, Russian, Sanskrit, Spanish, Tagalog,
and other native dialects.
José Protasio Rizal Mercado y
Alonso Realonda
An architect, artists,
businessman, cartoonists,
educator, economist,
ethnologist, scientific farmer,
historian, inventor, journalist,
linguist, musician, mythologist,
nationalist, naturalist, novelist,
ophthalmic surgeon, poet,
propagandist, psychologist,
scientist, sculptor, sociologist,
and theologian.
Noli Me Tangere
March 1887- contains
novel exposing the
arrogance and
despotism of the
Spanish clergy
(churchmen)
Published in Berlin
Noli Me Tangere
1890 - reprinted in
Paris
Annotations- prove that
the Filipino had a
civilization worthy to be
proud of even long before
Spaniards set foot to the
Philippine soil.
Rizal provoked the
animosity of those in
power.
This lead himself and
relatives and countrymen
into trouble
Imprisoned in Fort
Santiago from
July 6, 1892 to
July 15, 1892
In the charge of Anti
friar pamphlets
Found in luggage of his
sister Lucia, arrived with
him from Hongkong
His friendliness
won for him the trust
and confidence of even
those assigned to
guard him; his good
manners and warm
personality were found
irresistible by women
of all races.
November 3, 1986, to the
date of his execution, he
was again committed to
Fort Santiago
Considered a
masterpiece and a living
document expressing
not only the hero's great
love of country but also
that of all Filipinos.
December 30, 1896,
Rizal, a man whose
35 yrs. of life was
shot at Bagumbayan
field.
SELECTED
WORKS OF
JOSE RIZAL
To the Filipino Youth
Rizal wrote this literary poem when he was still
studying at the University of Sto. Tomas (UST).
Originally written in Spanish (A la juventud filipina),
Rizal submitted this piece for a poem contest
organized for Filipinos by the Manila Lyceum of Art
and Literature. At the age of 18, this work is beaming
with strong messages to convince readers, the youth
in particular, that they are the hope of the nation.
He also stresses the importance of education to one’s
future. Rizal won the first prize and was rewarded
with a feather-shaped silver pen and a diploma.
Hold high the brow serene,
O youth, where now you stand;
Let the bright sheen
Of your grace be seen,
To the Filipino Youth
Fair hope of my fatherland!
Come down with pleasing light
Come now, thou genius grand, Of art and science to the fight,
And bring down inspiration; O youth, and there untie
With thy mighty hand, The chains that heavy lie,
Swifter than the wind's violation, Your spirit free to blight.
Raise the eager mind to higher station. See how in flaming zone
Amid the shadows thrown,
The Spaniard'a holy hand
A crown's resplendent band
Proffers to this Indian land.
Thou, who now wouldst rise
On wings of rich emprise,
Seeking from Olympian skies
Songs of sweetest strain,
Thou, who by sharp strife
Softer than ambrosial rain;
Wakest thy mind to life ;
Thou, whose voice divine And the memory bright
Rivals Philomel's refrain Of thy genius' light
And with varied line Makest immortal in its strength ;
Through the night benign
Frees mortality from pain; And thou, in accents clear
Of Phoebus, to Apelles dear ;
Or by the brush's magic art
Takest from nature's store a part,
To fig it on the simple canvas' length ;
Go forth, and then the sacred fire
Of thy genius to the laurel may aspire ;
To spread around the fame,
And in victory acclaim,
Through wider spheres the human name.
Day, O happy day,
Fair Filipinas, for thy land!
So bless the Power to-day
That places in thy way
This favor and this fortune grand!
Goodbye to Leonor
This literary piece gives an insight into the romantic
relationship of Rizal and his beloved, Leonor Rivera. The
two met when in the province of Dagupan when Rivera
was only 13-years-old. Rivera’s parents were not in favor
of their relationship and though distance separated
them, the two kept in touch by sending letters and
photographs to each other. Rizal later found out that her
lady love would soon tie the knot with Henry Kipping,
and the news definitely disheartened him. The lonely,
heartbreaking feelings he felt, resulted in this
melancholic poem.
Goodbye to Leonor
And so it has arrived -- the fatal instant,
the dismal injunction of my cruel fate;
so it has come at last -- the moment, the date,
when I must separate myself from you.
Goodbye, Leonor, goodbye! I take my leave,
leaving behind with you my lover's heart!
Goodbye, Leonor: from here I now depart.
O Melancholy absence! Ah, what pain!
To the Young Women of Malolos
Addressed to the Filipino women, Rizal’s letter entitled To
The Young Women of Malolos reflects his inheritance and
issues reminders to Filipino women. In his letter, he
addresses all kinds of Filipino women – mothers, wives, and
even the single women. Throughout this literary piece, he
highlights the qualities that Filipino mothers should
possess, the duties of wives to their husbands and children,
and a counsel on how young women should choose their
lifetime partners. The idea behind this letter sparked after
he was impressed by the women of Malolos who won the
battle they fought. Rizal advises women to educate
themselves, protect their dignity and honor, and live with
good manners – setting up as a role model.
Noli Me Tángere
One of the most sought-after books in Philippine literature
until today, is Rizal’s famous novel titled Noli Me Tángere
(Touch Me Not). Driven by his undying love for his country,
Rizal wrote the novel to expose the ills of Philippine society
during the Spanish colonial era. At the time, the Spaniards
prohibited the Filipinos from reading the controversial book
because of the unlawful acts depicted in the novel. Yet they
were not able to ban it completely and as more Filipinos
read the book, it opened their eyes to the truth that they
were being manhandled by the friars. In this revolutionary
book, you’ll learn the story of Crisostomo Ibarra, how he
dealt with Spanish authorities, and how he prepared for his
revenge, as told in Rizal’s second book, El Filibusterismo.
El Filibusterismo
This is Rizal’s sequel to his first book, Noli Me
Tángere. In El Filibusterismo (The Reign of the
Greed), the novel exhibits a dark theme (as
opposed to the hopeful atmosphere in the first
novel) in which it depicts the country’s issues and
how the protagonist attempts a reform. The story
takes place 13 years after Noli Me Tángere, where
revolutionary protagonist Crisostomo Ibarra is
now under the guise of Simoun – a wealthy jewelry
tycoon.
El Filibusterismo
Because the novel also portrays the abuse,
corruption, and discrimination of the Spaniards
towards Filipinos, it was also banned in the
country at the time. Rizal dedicated his second
novel to the GOMBURZA – the Filipino priests
named Mariano Gomez, Jose Apolonio Burgos, and
Jacinto Zamora who were executed on charges of
subversion. The two novels of Rizal, now
considered as his literary masterpieces, both
indirectly sparked the Philippine Revolution.
Mi último adiós
After being associated with the Katipuneros,
Rizal was arrested and later sentenced to death
by firing squad for acts of sedition and
rebellion. During his final days in Fort
Santiago of Manila, Rizal bid farewell to his
motherland and countrymen through letters.
Mi último adiós or My Last Farewell is one of
the few last works that Rizal wrote.
Mi último adiós
Some historical accounts say he wrote it on the
eve before his execution, while others claim
that he wrote the poem a few days before his
death in Manila on December 30, 1896. But,
because there was no title ascribed to this
poem, his good friend and fellow reformist
Mariano Ponce came up with the title.
Mi último adiós
Today, Rizal’s literary works, specifically his two
novels, are alive and continuously being analyzed
by students and professionals. Colleges and
universities in the Philippines even require their
students to take a subject which centers around
the life and works of Rizal. Through his work,
the country’s national hero is always
remembered and looked upon with high regard
for his contribution towards the Philippine
independence.
THANK
YOU
