FACULTY OF SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS
MODULE MATENB1
APPLICATIONS OF CALCULUS FOR ENGINEERS
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CAMPUS APK
ASSESSMENT SEMESTER TEST 2
DATE 02/10/2023 TIME 08:00
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ASSESSORS DR K SEBOGODI
DR S SINGH
DURATION 90 MINUTES MARKS 50
SURNAME AND INITIALS
STUDENT NUMBER
CONTACT NUMBER
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NUMBER OF PAGES: 1 + 11 PAGES
INSTRUCTIONS: 1. ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS ON THE PAPER IN PEN.
2. NO CALCULATORS ARE ALLOWED.
3. SHOW ALL CALCULATIONS AND MOTIVATE ALL ANSWERS.
4. IF YOU REQUIRE EXTRA SPACE, CONTINUE ON THE
ADJACENT BLANK PAGE AND INDICATE THIS CLEARLY.
MATENB1 SEMESTER TEST 2 – 2 OCTOBER 2023 1/11
Question 1 [10 marks]
For questions 1.1 – 1.10, choose one correct answer, and make a cross (X) in the correct block.
Question a b c d e
1.1 X
1.2 X
1.3 X
1.4 X
1.5 X
1.6 X
1.7 X
1.8 X
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1.9 X
1.10 X
1.1 Suppose that the radius r and volume V = 34 πr3 of a sphere are differentiable functions of
t. Write an equation that relates dV /dt to dr/dt
dV
(a) = 4π dr
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dt dt
dV
(b) dt
= 3r2 dr
dt
dV
(c) dt
= 43 πr2 dr
dt
dV
(d) dt
= 4πr2 dr
dt
(e) None of the above.
1.2 The radius of a circle is increasing at a constant rate of 0.2 metres per second. What is the
rate of increase in the area of the circle at the instant when the circumference of the circle
is 20π metres? (1)
(a) 0.04 π m2 /s
(b) 0.4 π m2 /s
(c) 4 π m2 /s
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(d) 40 π m2 /s
(e) None of the above.
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1.3 Calculate the area of the region bounded by the curves y = , x = 1 and x = 3. (1)
x+1
(a) ln 4 − ln 2
(b) 2 ln 3
2
(c)
3
(d) ln 4
(e) None of the above.
MATENB1 SEMESTER TEST 2 – 2 OCTOBER 2023 2/11
1.4 The region bounded by the curves y = x and y = x2 is rotated about the line x = −1.
Using the disc/washer method, the volume of the resulting solid is given by (1)
Z 1
(a) V = 2π (x − x2 ) dx.
0
Z 1
(b) V = π (x2 − x4 ) dx.
0
1
√
Z
(c) V = π [(1 + y)2 − (1 + y)2 ] dy.
0
1
√
Z
(d) V = 2π [( y)2 − y 2 ] dy.
0
(e) None of the above.
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1
1.5 The average value of p(x) = from x = 1 to x = e is : (1)
x
1
(a)
e+1
1
(b)
1−e
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(c) e−1
1
(d)
e−1
(e) None of the above
1.6 Which of the following is not a solid of revolution? (1)
(a) Sphere
(b) Pyramid
(c) Cone
(d) Cylinder
(e) None of the above
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1.7 The integral for the area of the surface generated when y = x2 , 1 ≤ x ≤ 2 is rotated about
the y-axis is . . . (1)
Z 4 √
(a) 2πx 1 + 4x2 dx
1
Z 2 √
(b) 2πx 1 + 4x2 dx
1
4 √
Z
(c) 2πx2 1 + 2x dx
1
Z 2 √
(d) 2πx2 1 + 4x2 dx
1
(e) None of the above
MATENB1 SEMESTER TEST 2 – 2 OCTOBER 2023 3/11
√
1.8 Identify the definite integral that represents the arc length of the curve y = x over the
interval [0; 3]. (1)
Z 3r
1
(a) 1+ dx
0 4x
√
Z 3
(b) 1 + x dx
0
Z 3r
1
(c) 1+ dx
0 2x
Z 3
√
(d) x dx
0
(e) None of the above.
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1.9 Consider the following differential equations: (1)
dy
(i) = (x + y)2 − (x − y)2
dx
dy
(ii) = ex+y cos2 (xy) + ex ey sin2 (xy)
dx
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dy
(iii) = xy
dx
Select the correct option:
(a) Only equations (i) and (ii) are separable.
(b) Only equations (i) and (iii) are separable.
(c) Only equations (ii) and (iii) are separable.
(d) Equations (i), (ii) and (iii) are separable.
(e) None of the above.
dy
1.10 When solving the differential equation x dx + x2 yex = 1, an integrating factor is: (1)
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(a) ex ex(x−1) .
x
(b) e(x−1)e .
x−1
(c) ex ee .
ex+1
(d) e .
(e) None of the above
MATENB1 SEMESTER TEST 2 – 2 OCTOBER 2023 4/11
Question 2 [2 marks]
An airplane flying horizontally at a constant height of 1000 m above a fixed radar station. At a
certain instant the angle of elevation θ at the station is π4 radians and decreasing at a rate of 0.1
rad/sec. What is the speed of the aircraft at this moment.
SOLUTION:
1000 1
tan θ = ⇒ h(t) = 1000 cot θ ✓( )
h(t) 2
Thus,
dh(t) dh(t) dθ dθ
= . = −1000 csc2 θ
dt dθ dt dt
Given,
dθ
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= −0.1 rad/sec
dt
Therefore,
dh(t) 1
= 100 csc2 θ ✓( )
dt 2
π
Hence if θ = 4 . Then, the speed of the plane is given by
dh π 1 √
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= 100 csc2 ✓( ) = 100( 2)2 = 200 m/s
dt 4 2
Question 3 [3 marks]
√
Find the point on the curve y = x that is closest to the point (3,0) (3)
Solution: √
The distance d from the point (3,0), to a point (x, x) on the curve is given by
√ 1
q 2
d = (x − 3)2 + x−0 , ✓( )
2
and the square of the distance is
√ 2 1
s = d2 = (x − 3)2 + x − 0 ⇒ s = (x − 3)2 + x ✓( )
2
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Now the first derivative:
′ 1
s = 2(x − 3) + 1 = 2x − 5 ✓( ),
2
thus
′ 5 1
s =0⇒x= ✓( )
2 2
′′
Now s = 2 > 0, so we know that s has a minimum at x = 52 , ✓ ( 12 )
q q
Thus the y-values is 52 , and the point is 52 , 52 ✓ ( 12 )
MATENB1 SEMESTER TEST 2 – 2 OCTOBER 2023 5/11
Question 4 [3 marks]
The volume, V cm3 , of a metallic cube of side length x cm , is increasing at the constant rate of
3 cm2 s−1 .
(a) Determine the rate at which the side of the cube is increasing when the side length reaches
3 cm. (1.5)
SOLUTION:
Given
dV
=3
dt
dV 1
V = x3 ⇒ = 3x2 ✓( )
dx 2
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Then,
dx dx dV dx 3 1
= . ⇒ = 2 ✓( )
dt dV dt dt 3x 2
For x = 3, then
dx 3 1 1
= 2 = ✓( )
dt 3 (3) 9 2
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(b) Find the rate at which the surface area of the cube, S cm2 , is increasing when the side
length reaches 3 cm. (1.5)
SOLUTION:
dS 1
S = 6x2 ⇒ = 12 x ✓( )
dx 2
Therefore,
dS dS dx 3 12 1
= . = 12 x = ✓( )
dt dx dt 3x2 x 2
Now, at t = 3 :
dS 12 1
= =4 ✓( )
dt 3 2
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MATENB1 SEMESTER TEST 2 – 2 OCTOBER 2023 6/11
Question 5[3 marks]
Sketch and shade the region enclosed by the curves y = e|x| and y = 2, clearly showing all
intercepts and points of intersection, if any.
Set up, but DO NOT EVALUATE, an integral that gives the area of this region (3)
SOLUTION:
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To find the area, first find the points of intersection of the two curves: e|x| = 2 =⇒ x = ± ln 2.
So, the area is given by
Z ln 2 Z 0 Z ln 2
|x| −x
A= (2 − e ) dx = (2 − e ) dx + (2 − ex ) dx
− ln 2 − ln 2 0
Question 6 [5 marks]
The region bounded by curves y = x2 and y 2 = 8x is rotated about the line y = −1.
(a) Sketch and shade the region, showing all the intercepts and points of intersection, if any.(1)
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SOLUTION:
MATENB1 SEMESTER TEST 2 – 2 OCTOBER 2023 7/11
(b) Use the disc/washer method to calculate the volume of the resulting solid of revolution.(4)
SOLUTION:
The two curves intersect when
√
x2 = 8x =⇒ x4 = 8x =⇒ x(x3 − 8) = 0 =⇒ x = 0, x = 2.
√
Also, R = 8x + 1 and r = x2 + 1. Thus the volume is
Z 2 √
V = π[( 8x + 1)2 − (x2 + 1)2 dx
0
Z 2 √
=π [8x + 2 8x + 1 − x4 − 2x2 − 1] dx
Z0 2 √ √
=π [8x + 4 2 x − x4 − 2x2 ] dx
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0
√ 2
2 3/2 x5 2x3
2 8
=π 4x + x − −
3 5 3 0
√
8 2 3/2 32 16
=π[16 + 2 − − − 0]
3 5 3
224π
=
15
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Question 7 [5 marks]
(a) If f is a continuous function on R, what is the limit as h → 0 of the average value of f on
the interval [x, x + h]? (2)
SOLUTION:
Z x+h
1
lim fave = lim f (x) dx
h→0 h→0 x + h − x x
h ix+h
= lim F (x) ÷ h , where F ′ (x) = f (x)
h→0 x
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F (x + h) − F (x)
= lim
h→0 h
′
=F (x) = f (x)
MATENB1 SEMESTER TEST 2 – 2 OCTOBER 2023 8/11
(b) Find the value(s) of b such that the average value of f (x) = 3x2 − 2x on the interval [1, b]
is 9. (3)
SOLUTION:
Z b
1
9= (3x2 − 2x) dx
b−1 1
h ib
9(b − 1) = x3 − x2
1
3 2
=b − b
0 =b2 (b − 1) − 9(b − 1)
=(b2 − 9)(b − 1)
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∴ b = ±3 or b = 1
But b = −3 is not in [1, b] and b = 1 is not applicable.
∴ b = 3.
Question 8 [4 marks]
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π π
Find the arc length for the curve y = ln(cos x) from x = to . (3)
6 3
Solution
y = ln(cos x)
dy − sin x
=
dx cos x
dy
= − tan x
dx
2
dy
∴1+ = 1 + tan2 x
dx
= sec2 x
Arc length: s
Z π/3 2
dy
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L = 1+ dx
dx
Zπ/6
π/3
= sec x dx
π/6
π/3
= [ln | sec x + tan x|]π/6
= ln | sec(π/3) + tan(π/3)| − ln |sec(π/6)
+ tan(π/6)|
3
= ln | sec(π/3) + tan(π/3)| − ln √
3
√
3
= ln |2 + 3| − ln √
3
MATENB1 SEMESTER TEST 2 – 2 OCTOBER 2023 9/11
Question 9 [4 marks]
Use the Cylindrical Shells√Method to find the volume of the solid that results from rotating
the region bounded by y = 1 − x2 and by x + y = 1, by rotating it around the x-axis.
SOLUTION: √
y = 1 − x2 x+y =1
y 2 = 1 − x2 x=1−y
x2 =p1 − y 2
x = 1 − y2
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p p
Shell height = 1 − y 2 − (1 − y) = 1 − y 2 − 1 + y
Shell radius = y
Z 1
V olume = 2πrh dy
0
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Z 1 p
= 2πy 1 − y 2 − 1 + y dy
0
Z 1 p Z 1
= 2π y 2
1 − y dy + 2π (y 2 − y) dy
0 0
u = 1 − y2
du
dy
= −2y
du
dy = −2y
0 1
1√
Z Z
= 2π − u du + 2π (y 2 − y) dy
1 2 0
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0 1
2 3 1 1
= −π u 2 + 2π y 3 − y 2
3 1 3 2 0
2π 1 1
= (1 − 0) + 2π − −0
3 3 2
2 2
= π + −1
3 3
π
=
3
MATENB1 SEMESTER TEST 2 – 2 OCTOBER 2023 10/11
Question 10 [2 marks]
Set up, but do not evaluate, an integral for the arc length function of xy = 1, starting at x = 1.
SOLUTION:
1 dy −1
y= , ∴ = 2
x dx x
2
dy 1
1+ =1+ 4
dx x
Z xr
1
s(x) = 1 + 4 dt
1 t
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Question 11 [2 marks]
Set up , but do not evaluate, the integral to calculate the area of the surface of revolution
obtained by revolving the curve x = e2y for −1 ≤ y ≤ 0 about the y-axis.
SOLUTION:
Z 0 √
S = 2π x 1 + 4e4y dy
−1
Z0 √
S = 2π e2y 1 + 4e4y dy
−1
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MATENB1 SEMESTER TEST 2 – 2 OCTOBER 2023 11/11
Question 12 [4 marks]
dy x sec(y)
Solve the initial value problem: dx
= csc(x)
, y(π) = π.
SOLUTION:
dy x sec(y)
=
dx csc(x)
1 x
=⇒ dy = dx
sec(y) csc(x)
=⇒ cos(y)dy = x sin(x)dx
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Z Z
=⇒ cos(y)dy = x sin(x)dx
Z
=⇒ sin(y) = − cos(x)x − − cos(x)dx
=⇒ sin(y) = −x cos(x) + sin(x) + C
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When x = π, y = π therefore:
sin(π) = −π cos(π) + sin(π) + C
=⇒ C = −π
=⇒ sin(y) = −x cos(x) + sin(x) − π
Question 13 [4 marks]
dy 2y
Solve the differential equation + = 10x
dx x
SOLUTION:
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dy 2y
+ = 10x
dx x
2
R
dx
An integrating factor is given by e x = e2ln(x) = x2 . Multiplying the above equation by x2
throughout we obtain:
dy 2y
x2 + x2 = 10x3
dx x
dy
=⇒ x2 + 2xy = 10x3
dx
d 2
=⇒ (x y) = 10x3
dx
10x4
=⇒ x2 y = +C
4
5 C
=⇒ y = x2 + 2
2 x
