CHAPTER EIGHT (8)

SPREADSHEET APPLICATION
LESSON OBJECTIVES
The student will be able to:
• Enter and save data.
• Edit data.
• Demonstrate the various ways of displaying data.
• Apply protection techniques to data.
• Format numbers, decimal points, dates, times.
• Highlighting values that meet specified conditions.
• Merge and split cell
• Sort and query for information.
• Create graphs and charts to represent data.
• Edit and format charts.
• Protect data and worksheets.
• Work with functions in spreadsheet applications.
• State the importance of the “Help Facility” in Spreadsheet Application.
• Analyse data in a worksheet using pivot tables/dynamic crosstab.

SPREADSHEET
It is an interactive computer application for organisation, analysis and storage of data in a tabular form.
Example Microsoft Excel.
Microsoft Excel is a commercial spreadsheet application written and distributed by Microsoft for
Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X. It mostly used for;
- Tracking sells or expenses (revenue).
- Maintaining large list of data (Student Assessment)

EXCEL 2010 ─ EXPLORE WINDOW

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101
 A. Ribbon
Ribbon contains commands organized in three components:
- Tabs: They appear across the top of the Ribbon and contain groups of related commands. Home,
Insert, Page Layout are the examples of ribbon tabs.
- Groups: They organize related commands; each group name appears below the group on the
Ribbon. For example, group of commands related to fonts or group of commands related to
alignment etc.
- Commands: Commands appear within each group as mentioned above.

B. Quick Access Toolbar

You will find this toolbar just above the File tab and its purpose is to provide a convenient resting place for
the Excel’s most frequently used commands. You can customize this toolbar based on your comfort.
C. Name Box
Is the box at the left of the formula bar that displays the cell that is currently selected in the worksheet or
spreadsheet.
D. Formula Bar
Is a section in the Ms. Excel application that shows the content of the current cell and allows you to create
and view formulas.
E. Title Bar
This lies in the middle and at the top of the window. Title bar shows the program and the sheet title.
F. Column
Columns (Vertical) are numbered from A onwards and keeps on increasing as you keep entering data.
After Z, it will start the series of AA, AB and so on. Maximum limit is 16,384 columns.
G. Windows Control Buttons
This bar contains the close, minimize and maximize buttons, which is used to control or manage the Excel
Window.
H. Row
Rows (Horizontal) are numbered from 1 onwards and keeps on increasing as you keep entering data.
Maximum limit is 1,048,576 rows.
I. Status Bar
This displays the sheet information as well as the insertion point location. From left to right, this bar can
contain the total number of pages and words in the document, language etc.

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You can configure the status bar by right-clicking anywhere on it and by selecting or deselecting options
from the provided list.
J. Worksheet Tab
It used to display the worksheet that a user is currently editing. Every Excel File may have multiple
Worksheets. Worksheet is a single page in a workbook file that consists of cells where data is kept and
manipulated. Workbook is the collection of one or more worksheets in a single Excel file.
K. Cell
A cell is the intersection of a column letter and a row number. The cell address can be found in the Name
Box just above column A. There are over 17 billion cells in each worksheet!!!!
L. Active Cell
Is a cell in Excel spreadsheet that is currently selected by clicking mouse pointer or keyboard keys. An
active cell is bounded by a heavy border around it. A spreadsheet cell in which values or formulas may be
entered.
M. View Buttons
The group of three buttons located to the left of the Zoom control, near the bottom of the screen, lets you
switch among excels various sheet views.
- Normal Layout view: This displays the page in normal view.
- Page Layout view: This displays pages exactly as they will appear when printed. This gives a full
screen look of the document.
- Page Break view: This shows a preview of where pages will break when printed.

N. Zoom Control
Zoom control lets you zoom in for a closer look at your text. The zoom control consists of a slider that you
can slide left or right to zoom in or out. The + buttons can be clicked to increase or decrease the zoom
factor.
O. File Tab
The File tab replaces the Office button from Excel 2007. You can click it to check the backstage view,
where you come to open or save files, create new sheets, print a sheet, and do other file-related
operations.
First column of the backstage view will have the following options:

OPTION DESCRIPTION
Save If an existing sheet is opened, it would be saved as is, otherwise it will display a
dialogue box asking for the sheet name.
Save As A dialogue box will be displayed asking for sheet name and sheet type. By default,
it will save in sheet 2010 format with extension .xlsx

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 Open This option is used to open an existing excel sheet.
Close This option is used to close an opened sheet.
Info This option displays the information about the opened sheet.
Recent This option lists down all the recently opened sheets.
New This option is used to open a new sheet.
Print This option is used to print an opened sheet.
Save & Send This option saves an opened sheet and displays options to send the sheet using
email etc.
Help You can use this option to get the required help about excel 2010.
Options Use this option to set various option related to excel 2010.
Exit Use this option to close the sheet and exit.

P. Dialog Box Launcher

This appears as a very small arrow in the lower-right corner of many groups on the Ribbon. Clicking this
button opens a dialog box or task pane that provides more options about the group.
Workbooks and Worksheets

• Each Excel file is a Workbook containing one or more Worksheets.

• Default setting provides you with three worksheets – you can add or remove as needed from
there.
• Worksheets can also be reordered within the file and renamed – you can also copy or move a
worksheet to another workbook (file).
• Several sheets can be used for one project, containing it all in one file, or you can still use one file
for each part of a project, depending on your needs.

Mouse Pointers in Excel

1. Select – main mouse pointer used for selecting
cells. Click once in a cell to select it or click and drag
to select several cells.
2. Fill - appears after you have selected a cell (or
cells) and will show only at the bottom right of the selection (tiny box called the Fill Handle). Using this will
allow you to fill a series such as Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, etc.
3. Insertion point - appears when you are typing or have double clicked in a cell. The flashing insertion
point determines where new text and numbers appear.
4. Column/Row selector - appears when you are over a column or row, allowing you to click once to
select the entire column or row
5. Resize - appears when you are between columns or rows, allowing you to resize them

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 EDITING WORKSHEET
Entering data
Entering text or a number in a cell:

• Click the start button

• Click Programs
• Look for Microsoft Office Excel
• Click to launch Microsoft Excel
• On the worksheet, click a cell.
• Type the numbers or text that you want to enter, and then press ENTER or TAB.
Tip: To enter data on a new line within a cell, enter a line break by pressing ALT+ENTER.
Entering, editing and saving data
Compute this Data in Excel

Conditional Formatting
Conditional Formatting (CF) is a tool that allows you to apply formats to a cell or range of cells, and have
that formatting change depending on the value of the cell or the value of a formula.
The simplest Conditional Formatting uses the Cell Value Is option in the CF dialog box, and uses one of the
pre-set comparison operations.
Editing Data
Activities to perform on data

• Conditional formatting
• Custom number format
• Import text file
• Paste special option etc.

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Conditional formatting
To apply a format condition to a cell or range of cells:
1. Select the range to which you want to apply the format condition
2. Click the Format button on the dialog box. You will see the standard cell-formatting dialog.
3. Select the format type you want to apply
Custom number format
Excel has many built-in formats that you can use: Currency, Accounting, Date, Time, Percentage, etc. If
you cannot find the right format, you can create a custom number format.
Steps to use Number format
1. Select a cell you want to work in.
2. Go to Number format on the ribbon. OR right click and select format cell.
3. Select the format you want from the format cell (e.g., currency, date, time, percentage,
Accounting, etc.)
4. Click ok
5. Type the number format selected
6. Press the enter key or tab button.

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Import text file
Setting up which file (type) to import
First, select the sheet where your data needs to appear. Note that the following steps differ for the
various Excel versions.
1. On the ribbon, click the data tab and then click the "From Text" button on the "Get External data"
group.

2. Select your file from the next dialog:

3. The import text file dialog.
4. Click Import.
5. The text import wizard opens up
6. On the Text import wizard, select the original data type (either delimited or fixed width: the one
best describes your data)
7. Click next to the 2nd step
8. Select the delimiters you want to (e.g., tab, semi-colon, comma, space and other)
9. Click next to the 3rd step
10. Select the column data format you want to (e.g., General, Text, date, do not import column (skip)
11. Click finish
Special option
1. Go to home menu tab
2. Look out for style section on the ribbon
3. Select the format as table or cell style desire
4. Click to apply the effect desire

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Activities to perform on data

Freeze row, title, and column

To Freeze:
1. Select the row or title or column or panes you want to freeze
2. Go to view tab on the ribbon
3. Click on freeze pane
4. Select which freeze option desire by clicking

To Unfreeze:
1. To unfreeze rows or column
2. Click on freeze pane
3. Click unfreeze pane
What-if Analysis
1. Go to the data tab, click what if analysis
2. Click scenario manager
• Add a scenario by clicking on add
• Type a name (e.g., 60% highest), select cell (e.g., C4) (% sold for the highest price) for changing
cells and click ok.
• Enter corresponding values (0.6) and click on ok again
• Next add 4 other scenarios (70%, 80%, 90% and 100%)
3. Goal Seek
• On the data tab, in the forecast group, click what-if Analysis
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 • Click goal seek
• Select the cell (e.g., D10)
• Click in the ‘to value’ box and type (e.g., 4700)
• Click in the ‘By changing cell box and select cell (e.g., C4)
• Click ok
4. Data table
• Select the entire matrix area. (let’s say B6:F15)
• Be sure to select the cell that contains the formula or function. (Say B6)
• Click the data tab.
• From the What if Analysis drop-down, choose data table
• The row input cell is the term value (enter C4 original input value)
• The column input cell is the interest rate (enter B4)
• Click ok to generate the data Table
Data Protection
Adding password to protect data (Protecting sheet):
5. Go to Home tab
6. Click format at cell column on the ribbon to open dropdown list
7. Click on protect sheet
8. Check and uncheck the desired options
9. Enter password desire, re-enter the same password
10. Click ok to protect the sheet
Locking cell
1. Select the cell desire to lock
2. Go to home tab on the ribbon
3. Click format at cell column to open dropdown list
4. Click on lock sheet
Removing password (Unprotecting sheet):
1. Go to Home tab
2. Click format on the ribbon to open dropdown list
3. Click on unprotect sheet
4. Enter the password
5. Worksheet is done unprotected

FORMATTING WORKSHEET
Format Numbers, Decimal Points, Dates & Time

General format Decimal Points Dates Time Percentage

Hans 12.34 12/09/18 13:30 25%
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 Dela123$@ 0.0921 Wednesday, 1:30pm 23.3%
September 4, 2018
NB: General format cell has no specific number format.
Merge and split cell

• Merge is bringing two or more cells together.

• Split Cell is putting merged cells into division.
Merging Cells
1. Select the cell
2. Go to the home tab and click on drop down
3. Select how to merge cell (e.g. merge & centre, merge
across, merge cells) and click
To cancel the merge cell
1. Select the cell you merge
2. Click on merge & centre
OR
1. Right click and choose format cells.
2. Click the alignment tab, deselect merge cells
3. Click ok

DATA HANDLING
Sort in Excel
Sorting data is an integral part of data analysis
Sorting can be done ascending or descending order, numerically, alphabetically or chronologically (order
of time), compile a list of product inventory levels from highest to lowest etc. To sort:
1. Select a cell in the column you want to sort
2. On the Home tab, Click sort & filter in Editing panel
3. Select the option you want to apply e.g., custom sort, filter, A to Z, Z to A
4. Click to apply
Using custom Sort
1. Select the columns you want to sort
2. On the ribbon, click data then sort
3. Dialog box appear, select the column you want to sort by
4. From the order dropdown, select custom list
5. In custom list tab, select the list you want and then click ok to sort the worksheet.

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Query in Excel
A query is a request for data or information from a database table or combination of tables.
Using Excel Query, you can extract data from various source such as:
Excel Files – you can extract data from External Excel files as well as run a SELECT query on your current
workbook.
Access – you can extract data from Access Database files.
MS SQL Server – you can extract data from Microsoft SQL Server tables.
How to Create a Microsoft Query in Excel
1. Open the MS Query (from Other Sources) wizard. Go to the DATA Ribbon Tab and click From Other
Sources. ...
2. Select the Data Source. Next, we need to specify the Data Source for our Microsoft Query. ...
3. Select Excel Source File. ...
4. Select Columns for your MS Query. ...
5. Return Query or Edit Query. ...
6. Optional: Edit Query. ...
7. Import Data.

Connect to an Excel table or range (Power Query)

Use Excel's Get & Transform (Power
Query) experience to create a dynamic
connection to an existing table or range
in your workbook. You can then refresh
the connection when the data in table
changes.
1. Select any cell within your data
range.
2. Click the Data tab, then > From
Table/Range.
3. If prompted, in the From Table
dialog box, you can click the Range Selection button to select a specific range to use as a data
source.
4. If the table or range of data has column headers, you can check My table has headers. The header
cells are used to define the column names for the query.
5. In the Query Editor, click Close & Load.
Formula Example
You can use the Query Editor to write formulas for Power Query.
= Excel.CurrentWorkbook(){[Name="Table1"]}[Content]
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Charts
Chart is a graphical representation of worksheet data. Chart make the data visually more interesting,
clearer and easier to read. The Charts types each have several 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional options.
Type of charts
1. Column or Bar chart
2. Line charts
3. Pie chart
4. Waterfall or stock chart
5. Area
6. Scatter, etc.
Creating charts from spreadsheet data
1. Select the cell range of data. E.g., A4:C13
2. Click the insert tab and in charts group click the arrow on a chart type icon.
3. Select the type chart you want depending on the type of data that you are plotting.
4. Click the chart icon desire.
Edit and format chart (Excel 2016)
Chart Elements

• Add, remove or change chart elements such as chart title, data table, data labels, axes title,
Legend, gridlines etc.
Chart Style

• Set style and colour scheme to charts

Chart Filter

• Edit what data points and names are visible on charts

Chart Elements
Steps
1. Click the chart in the worksheet
2. Click to select chart tools tab and click on design
3. On design, go to add elements and click to select the desire elements (chart title, data table, data
labels, axes title, Legend, gridlines etc.)

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 4. On design, go to add elements and click to select the desire elements
(chart title, data table, data labels, axes title, Legend, gridlines etc.)
5. Quick Edit of Chart title
o Click the Chart title in the chart
o Click to bring the insertion cursor to edit title
Chart Style
Steps
1. Click to select the chart in the worksheet
2. Click chart tools tab and click on design
3. Click the chart style or the colour scheme desire

Chart Filter
Steps
1. Click to select the chart in the worksheet
2. Click the filter icon
3. Select and deselect which categories and values to be visible
4. Click apply to effect change

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 USING FUNCTIONS & FORMULAS
Formulas and Functions
Formula is a self-defined instruction for performing calculations. Formula can be combination of values
(number of cell references) and mathematical operators in algebraic expressions.
Mathematical Operators:

• + (addition)
- (subtraction)
• (multiplication)
• / (division)
• % (percentage)
• ^ (exponents)
Functions
Function is a pre-defined formulas in excel that is intended to carry out a specific calculation, logic tests,
formats, etc. in cell which is located.
Functions perform calculations by using specific values, called arguments, in a particular order called
syntax.
The most logical solution would be to type ’=AVERAGE(B2, C2)’ into cell.

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 • The equal sign begins the function.
• AVERAGE is the name of the function.
• B2, and C2 are the arguments.
• Parentheses enclose all of the arguments.
• Commas separate each of the arguments.
Components of Functions

• Function Name Parenthesis

• Function Arguments
Examples =SUM(B2:B5) =MAX(D2:F9) =IF(F5>=90, “pass”, “fail”)

Entering Formula in Spreadsheet

By typing the entire formula
1. Select the cell desire
2. Type the formula, e.g., = B1+C2
3. Press Enter or click on the tick (correct sign) in the formula bar
By Selecting Cell address
1. Select the cell desire
2. Type the equal sign: ‘=’
3. Click in cell B1 (the first value) and type function.e.g., + (addition)
4. Click in cell B2 (the second value)
5. Press enter or click on the tick (correct sign) in the formula bar.
Entering function in formulas
1. Select the cell desire
2. Type the complete functions, for example =AVERAGE(B7:B10) and press Enter.
OR
1. Type the first letters of a function’s name when creating a formula; the Formula AutoComplete
drop-down list appears.
2. Select a function desire.

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Using insert function
1. Go to the formulas tab
2. Click the insert function icon ‘fx’ in the formula bar
3. Insert function dialog box appears
4. Select a category and the function. e.g., IF and click ok
5. Input the function argument by clicking to select the first cell range(number 1) and second cell
range (number 2)
NB: Number of cell range depends on the function
6. Click ok
Built-in-functions

Function Category What it does

Mathematical/Trigonometric Take a number as data, transform it, and produce
a numerical result. For example, sine and absolute
value are math functions
Logical Consider a condition and return True or False

Text Manipulate or create strings

Lookup/Reference Manipulate or examine areas of a worksheet

Statistical Return statistical values to sets of numbers. For

example, average, count, min, max, etc.
Database Same as statistical, however datasets are taken
from a database
Date/Time Perform calculations on dates, times and
combinations of dates and times

Engineering Perform commonly used engineering calculations,

many of which relate to Bessel Functions, Complex
Numbers or converting between different bases

Financial Helpful when calculating such things as interest,

monthly payments, and assist in what-if scenarios

Information Used to get information about the contents of a

cell

Mathematical Calculations

Function What it does

Sum Adds its arguments

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 Sum If Adds the cells specified by one or many given
criteria

Sum Product Returns the sums of the products of two arrays

Sub Total Returns a subtotal of a filtered list or database

Trunc Truncates a number to an integer

Round Rounds a number to a specified number of digits

Round Up Rounds a number up, away from zero

Int Rounds a number down to the nearest integer

Abs Returns the absolute value of a number

Mod Returns the reminder from division

Sqrt Returns a positive square root

Power Returns the result of a number raised to a power

Application of Mathematical Functions

=SUM(D2:D7) result is 29
=SUMIF(D2:D7, “>5”, D2:D7), result is 20
=SUMIF(C2:C7, “Lim”, D2:D7), result is 14

Round
E.g., Rounding up to 2 decimal places 4.125 in cell B,
=Round(B2,2) returns 4.13
Trunc
E.g. 2.2 or 2.7 in cell A, =trunc(A1,0), returns 2
Mod
E.g. =Mod(32,6), returns 2 because you have 5 times 6 in 30 and the remainder is 2.
Sqrt & Power
E.g., =sqrt (16) returns 4, OR =Sqrt (C1) return 4 if the cell value in C1 is 16.
Power (4,2) returns 16 (4 times 4) OR =Power(C1,2), returns 16, if the cell value in C1 is 4.
Conditional Calculations

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IF function is a logical function that is one of the two possibilities (true or False).
The syntax is =IF (logical-test, value-if-true, value-if-false)
E.g., =IF(B6>=50, “Pass”, “Fail”)

True False
Comparison Operators
Symbols Used

• = equal to
> greater than

• < less than

• >= greater than or equal to
• <= less than or equal to
<> not equal to

• OR where one condition must be meet

• AND where both conditions must be meet
• =IF(AND(B6>=50, B6<60), “True”, “False”)

VLOOKUP
VLOOKUP function searches vertically (top to bottom) the leftmost column of a table (either in the same
sheet, another sheet or another workbook) until a value that matches or exceeds the one you are looking
up is found.
Syntax
=VLOOKUP(lookup_value,table_array,col_index_num,[range_lookup])
OR
=VLOOKUP(lookup value,lookup table range, volume column)
An example of the formula is: =VLOOKUP(E2,D2:M3,2,TRUE)

• The English translation is using the value found in the cell E2, look in the range of D2 to M3 row by
row.
• If you find a value that matches or exceeds the value in E2, using that row, go over 2 columns to
the right, grab the value there and bring it back.
• There are two range lookup argument options; TRUE (1) or FALSE (0)
o True: looks for approximate value within the column, but not larger
o False: looks for exact match and uses that row to access the desired information.
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Inserting VLOOKUP function in a table

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120
Pivot Tables/Crosstab
Pivot table is used to summarise, analyse, explore and present your data with ease.

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122
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Display data in a pivot table / crosstab by a defined criterion
Features available in crosstab tables that are not available in PivotTables.

• In a crosstab table, you can use the same field for both your row heading and your column
heading. Pivot table will not use the same field for both headings; if you attempt to do this, the
column heading will be ignored.
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 • When a criteria range is defined on a worksheet, the crosstab table will include only the data that
meets the criteria. A Pivot table will use all of the data in a list, ignoring any ranges named ‘criteria’
or the result of an AutoFilter.
o To create a Pivot table from selected records in database, use the Advanced Filter to copy
the result set to a different location and specify a criteria range. Then, create the Pivot
table from the result.

THE IMPORTANCE OF AN ELECTRONIC SPREADSHEET APPLICATION

• Provide instant Calculations using Formulas/functions – The greatest advantage to spreadsheets

comes from their most useful tool: mathematical formulas. Spreadsheet cells can be set up with
formulas, which can calculate information based on the contents of other cells. These formulas
enable you to instantly calculate financial information or other important figures.
• Improved Data Presentation – Spreadsheets also offer a great deal of presentation flexibility and
functional customization. Spreadsheets can be edited to suit the type of data presented, with
customized font types and sizes for ease of reading. Spreadsheets can also be configured with
visual formatting for certain values, and cell data can be used to create graphs and charts to
visually explain the meaning of data.
• Portability – Digital spreadsheets are also extremely easy to transport copy or share. They can be
sent over the Internet to colleagues and clients in seconds or minutes. Spreadsheets can also be
viewed on a number of devices, with desktops, laptops, tablet computers and even smartphones
supporting spreadsheet programs.
• Productivity – Electronic spreadsheet software improves productivity by reducing the labour of
everyday accounting tasks. As you type the data into the spreadsheet, formulas instantly calculate
multiple totals at the same time. As an added bonus, spreadsheet software such as Microsoft's
Excel produces graphs and charts with a few mouse clicks.
• Flexibility – Setting up a new spreadsheet is relatively easy, as is adding new rows, columns and
formulas to an existing one. A spreadsheet follows a simple grid system, wherein every cell can
contain a piece of text, numeric data item or formula.
• Compatibility – You can link content from other programs to spreadsheets to give you more
options in how you streamline your business processes. For example, most spreadsheets can be
imported directly into more advanced analytical software such as SPSS or Minitab for more
complex financial modelling.
• Low Cost – The cost of spreadsheets ranges from free to a few hundred dollars. Apache
OpenOffice's Calc and Google spreadsheets are available at no cost; you can import standard
Microsoft Excel spreadsheets into them or work with their native formats.

LESSON ASSESSMENT
OBJECTIVES
1. To select multiple non-adjacent cells in a worksheet, click the cells while holding down the
A. ALT key

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 B. CTRL Key
C. CTRL + ALT keys
D. SHIFT key
2. Which of the following displays the content of an active cell in a worksheet?
A. Formula bar
B. Menu bar
C. Name box
D. Status bar
3. The process of identifying specific rows and columns so that these rows and columns are always
visible on the screen is called
A. Fixing
B. Freezing
C. Locking
D. Selecting
4. In spreadsheet, which of the following is a text function?
A. COUNT()
B. DMAX()
C. ROUND()
D. UPPER()
5. A red triangle at the right corner of a cell in a spreadsheet program indicates that
A. The value in the cell is incorrect
B. The cell cannot accept formula
C. There is a comment associated with the cell
D. The formula entered into the cell has an error
6. Which of the following symbols is required when inserting a formula/function in a spreadsheet
application?
A. //
B. #
C. *
D. =
7. Spreadsheet applications are designed to
A. Create QBasic programs for display
B. Generate slides for presentation
C. Store, edit and format graphics and other images
D. Enter and store data organised in rows and columns
8. Which of the following symbols can be used to concatenate in a spreadsheet application?
A. & and ?
B. + and ^
C. , and –
D. + and &
9. When a user creates two or more separate windows containing part of the spreadsheet that can
be viewed, such a user has created
A. Panes
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 B. Sections
C. Subsets
D. Views
10. The function key F12 in a spreadsheet application opens the
A. Close dialogue box
B. Font dialogue box
C. Open dialogue box
D. Save as dialogue box
11. In spreadsheet, a user can create a relationship between two cells using
A. Formula
B. Numbers
C. Parentheses
D. Text
12. To view headers and footers information in a spreadsheet application, use the
A. Web layout button
B. Print layout view
C. Normal view button
D. Outline layout button
13. Which of the following formulas will spreadsheet not be able to compute?
A. = SUM(Sales) – A3
B. = SUM(A1:A5)*5
C. = SUM(A1:A5)/(10-10)
D. = SUM(A1:A5) – 10
14. Ms. Excel files have the default extension
A. .doc
B. .ppt
C. .txt
D. .xls
15. Which of the following terms is not a valid data type in a spreadsheet application?
A. Character
B. Date
C. Number
D. Text

SUBJECTIVE

1. A) What will the following commands return in an electronic spreadsheet application?

I. NOW();
II. MIN();
B) Using the NESTED IF function in spreadsheet packages, write a program code that calculate the
grades of students using the information below, assuming cell A2 holds the mark 65.

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 MARKS GRADES
From 80 – 100 A
From 70 – 79 B
From 60 – 69 C
From 40 to 59 D
Below 40 F
2. A) What is electronic spreadsheet application?
B) State four benefits of using an electronic spreadsheet application.

PRACTICAL
1. A) Use an appropriate spreadsheet application to enter the following data:

StaffID Full Name Monthly Salary Tax Net Salary

WA01 Sunday Olisey 2500
WA02 Appiah Joy 3500
WA03 Esinam Mansah 6000
WA04 Domeh Adjoa 3500
WA05 Esi Doh 1500
WA06 Tia Isnet 1200
WA07 Bugyei Christiana 7500
WA08 Manugu Kanya 1500
WA09 Yobo George 2500
WA10 Humphrey Sam 500
B) Format the cells under the Monthly_Salary, Tax and Net_Salary columns to have the 1000 separator
(,), two decimal places and the Ghana Cedi Symbol (GHc).
C) Calculate the Tax using the following tax rate ranges:
0 – 800 is free;
801 – 1300 is 5%;
1301 – 1800 is 10%;
1801 – 2800 is 20%;
2801 – above is 25%
D) Calculate the Net_Salary for each staff, where Net_Salary = Monthly_Salary – Tax
E) Protect all the cells (without password), except the cells containing figures under the Monthly_Salary
column. Protect the cells such that they can be selected but not accept entry.
F) Save the workbook as SALARY in the folder created.

2. A) Use spreadsheet application to create the table below and save as RESULTS in the folder created.

STUDENT NAME ICT MATHEMATICS ENGLISH HISTORY

Arthur Raphael 40 90 60 75
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 Asuande-Eshun Famiyeh 80 50 70 65
Ganyo Akosua 30 70 40 80
Ackah-Arthur Ruth 90 60 50 40
Appiah Joy Geogette 50 80 60 30
Ashokoor Akweley 70 80 75 35
Sampson Kofitse Kwesi Yao 60 80 75 35
B) Format the STUDENT NAME column using word wrap command.
C) Insert the title “SECOND TERM EXAMINATION RESULTS” on top of the created table using the merge
and centre feature.
D) Save the workbook as MODIFIED in the folder.
E) Create appropriate columns for the following;
I. Total Score
II. Lowest Score
F) Compute the values for 2 (e)(i) and 2(e)(ii).
G) Sort the worksheet in descending order of the total score and save as SORTED in the folder created.
H) Use Auto-Filter to extract records of students whose total score are 280.
I) Insert tour full name and index number as header.
J) Save workbook as FINAL_RESULTS in the folder created.

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