1.0 INTRODUCTION.

A resource is any factor which can be used to satisfy human wants (any source of raw
materials). Resources generally can be described as attributes attaches to things.
A natural resource is any factor in which cannot created by man (God Made) and can be used
to satisfy human wants and can be viewed in terms of material e.g. raw materials, land or in
abstract terms e.g. Human Knowledge, attributes of labours. In general, resources depend on
importance attached to it. Natural resources are therefore God Made. They are not created by
man because they were existed in surface before human being for instance Land, Rivers, and
other physical features. Natural resources were existed because of the man, if man does not make
use of something, that thing is not a resource. Natural resource is therefore employed to meet
certain defined objectives. The attribute of labour is because someone wants to hire it. The
attribute of land also is because it can be used for certain purposes and someone is willing to use
it or take advantage of its fertility, topography, accessibility, scenery.
The value of natural resource hence depends on the context in which man takes it. For example,
it is the context of forest estate, inland water fisheries, lakes, oceans, mineral resources in the
country that really matters. The context in which resources are taken also influenced by social,
economic, and cultural backgrounds as well as technological know-how. Therefore, nothing is
independent and nothing may be regarded as unmanageable in a vacuum. The concept of a
resource therefore varies in time and space due to technological advancement and human wants.
For example, the use of saw dust as cooking fuel was not appreciated in some part of the country
until the scarcity of the conventional sources such as kerosene and cooking gas sequel to the
industrial actions by the Petroleum and Natural Gas Workers.
There are two types of natural resources, Biological resources - Mineral and non-biological
resources. The biological resources e.g. forest, fishes’ wildlife are called renewable because they
are capable of regeneration. Mineral resources e.g. gold, tin, petroleum, on the other hand, are
non-renewable resources because they are not capable of regeneration except after long
geological periods. Strictly speaking, both types of resources are exhaustible. The major
difference being that while biological resources are capable of replacing themselves as steady
flow of them are consumed mineral resources represent fixed stock whose inventory can be
diminished over time.
Natural Resources Management, this is the act of protecting the natural resources and also
proper use of natural resources for the future use.
2.0 PRINCIPLES OF NATURAL REOURCES MANAGEMENT.
Good Government policy, The Government policy is the one among the factor in which can
ensure proper management of resources. For instances in Tanzania during the period of the Late
President Doctor John Pombe Magufuli, He introduces new policy which is known as
TANZANIA YA VIWANDA so that to ensure proper utilization of natural resources for
instance raw materials like minerals, forest, rivers and labour power. Hence the key principles in
which can ensure proper management of natural resources is the Good Government Policy as in
our Tanzanian country the Government have been created different policy in order to ensure the
natural resources are proper managed.
Good participation of the citizen, Citizens both men and women their participation in ensuring
proper management resource are important. The participation of the citizens can be shown
through their domestic lives for instance proper use of water management during their daily
activities such as fishing, transportation and domestic activities and this was illustrated in the
following pictures;

Hence through Good Participation of the citizen can ensure proper management of natural
resources and it is the key principles of natural management. The citizens shall participate by
reporting those who are trying to mismanage the natural resources for the well-being of the
future generation as sustainable development needs and helps the future generation to meet their
own needs for the future use.

Transparency, means that decision taken and their enforcement are done in a manner that
follows rules and regulation. Those rules and regulations in which are created by the government
must ensure the proper management of resources and proves the law and punishment for those
who can tried to go against the law and the law are maintained in their decision for instance in
the decision of the Parliament.
The government should be transparent in their rules and regulations so that to make the natural
resources are proper used and provides strict punishment for those who can go against those
rules by doing the following habits such as deforestation and intensive exploitation of the marine
resources.
Use of alternative source of energy, the alternative source of energy such as using of Soler
power, gas for cooking, Geothermal power and Wind power. By using alternative source of
energy can ensure proper management of natural resources instead of using charcoal and wood
as the result of deforestation. Those alternative source of energy was illustrated in the following
pictures;

Wind power Soler power

Hence, the key principles of natural resources management, the using of alternative source of
energy is among of them because by using alternative source of energy such as gas for domestic
use instead of charcoal and woods can reduces the problem of deforestation and loss of
Biodiversity.
Sustainability, this can be sustainable development, Sustainable development is a kind of
development that meets the needs to present generation without compromising or endangering
the ability of the future generation to meet their own needs. Simply means, development that last
longer. Sustainable development consists of three key concepts, these are; needs of the people
(current generation), development and future generation. It is a maintenance and sustainable
utilization of functions (goods and
services) provided by natural ecosystems
and biospheric processes (Amlesh R,
2018).
Through sustainability of our natural
resources it can ensure proper
management of our natural resources.
The sustainable development can be
done in our daily activities as was
illustrated in the above pictures;

Those was our daily economic activities; hence we should do it in a proper way in order to make
a sustainable development and this was the key principle of natural resources management.
Effectiveness and efficiency, natural resources management means that processes and
institutions produce results that meet the needs of society while making the best use of resources
at their disposal. The concept of efficiency in the context of natural resources management also
covers the sustainable use of natural resources and the protection of the environment. This can be
done by the government through setting proper area for the industries in order to protect the
environment from the industries fumes and this was illustrated in the following pictures;
 Hence the government shall set
proper area for the industries activities and other activities in which can cause harm to human
being.
Consensus oriented, there are several factors and as many view points in a given society.
Natural resources management requires mediation of the different interests in society to reach a
broad consensus in society on what is in the best interest of the whole community and how this
can be achieved. It also requires a broad and long-term perspective on what is needed for
sustainable human development and how to achieve the goals of such development. This can
only result from an understanding of the historical, cultural and social contexts of a given society
or community.

3.0 CONCLUSION.

Generally, in order to protect the environment and our natural resources we shall follow those
key principles which was illustrated above. This is because falling to follow those principles tis
can result to the deforestation, loss of biodiversity and others World catastrophic. The
government is key principle so that can help to the protection of our environment and proper
management of our natural resources and also to maintain the sustainable development. The
future generations needs more resources so that to meets their own needs for the development.
 TABLE OF CONTENT

1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 The meaning of a resources.
1.2 The meaning of natural resources.
1.3 The meaning of natural resources management.

2.0 MAIN BODY

3.0 CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Mwakajinga, L.K.S. (2003). Development perspective for Universities and Colleges. Dar es
salaam: Nyambari Nyangwine Publishers.

Hettne, B. (1995). Development Theory and the three worlds: Towards an international political
economy of development. England: Longman Group Ltd.