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Biology MCQs: Cell, GIT, Renal, Cardiac

The document contains a series of multiple-choice questions and answers covering topics in biology, including cell biology, gastrointestinal physiology, renal physiology, and cardiac physiology. Each question presents a specific concept or fact, followed by four answer options, with the correct answer indicated. The questions address various aspects of human anatomy and physiology, such as organ functions, cellular structures, and physiological processes.

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Aisha Abid
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122 views28 pages

Biology MCQs: Cell, GIT, Renal, Cardiac

The document contains a series of multiple-choice questions and answers covering topics in biology, including cell biology, gastrointestinal physiology, renal physiology, and cardiac physiology. Each question presents a specific concept or fact, followed by four answer options, with the correct answer indicated. The questions address various aspects of human anatomy and physiology, such as organ functions, cellular structures, and physiological processes.

Uploaded by

Aisha Abid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1) Positive feedback is also

called_______?
A) Homeostasis
B) Vicious circle
C) Extracellular fluid
D) Intracellular fluid
Answer: (B)

2) Which one is the vital organ of the


body?
A) Intestines
B) Liver
C) Heart
D) Stomach
Answer: (C)
3) Which one is responsible for
ribosomal RNA synthesis and
ribosomes assembly?
A) Cytoplasm
B) Nucleoli
C) Chromosomes
D) Nucleus
Answer : (B)

4) Engulfed liquid material is called?


A) Pinocytosis
B) Phagocytosis
C) Endocytosis
D) Nucleus
Answer : (A)

5) In function of cell Golgi Apparatus


synthesize________?
A) Galctose, Chondritin Sulphate and
Lipids
B) Lipids, Galactose and Hyaluronic
C) Galactose, Hyaluronic and Chondritin
Sulphate
D) Hyaluronic, Chondritin Sulphate and
Lipids
Answer : (C)

6)______ pairs of chromosomes are


somatic and sex chromosomes
respectively.
A) 22, 1
B) 22, 2
C) 1, 23
D) 1, 22
Answer : (A)

7) Librated energy is used for


phosphorelation ADP and ATP. This is
known as_______?
A) Lipid Bilayer
B) Cytoplasm
C) Oxidative Phosphorelation
D) Toxic Phosphorelation
Answer : (C)
8) Mitochondria cavity filled with______
containing enzymes of_______?
A) Jell Matrix, Oxidative Cycle
B) Lipids, Nitrogen Cycle
C) Ribosomes, Citric Acid Cycle
D) Jell Matrix, Citric Acid Cycle
Answer : (D)

9) Fluid which is present between the


cell is called______?
A) Intracellular Fluid
B) Extracellular Fluid
C) Intercellular Fluid
D) Homeostasis
Answer : (C)
10) Types of proteins present in the cell
are_________?
A) Globular, Lipids, Electrolytes
B) Structural, Globular and Nucleo
C) Structural Electrolytes and Nucleo
D) Nucleo, Lipids and Structural
Answer : (B)

11) Basic Structure of cell membrane is


a lipid bilayer composed of ________?
A) Phospholipids and Cholesterol
B) Proteins and Carbohydrates
C) Cholesterol and Carbohydrates
D) Phospholipids and Cytoplasm
Answer : (A)

12) The portion which is directed


towards the inner and outer layer of
lipid bilayer is known as_______?
A) Hydrogen
B) Hydrophobic
C) Hydrophilic
D) Carbohydrates
Answer : (C)

13) _________ act as receptors for binding


with hormones like insulin.
A) Cytoplasm
B) Cell Membrane
C) Lipid Bilayer
D) Carbohydrates
Answer : (D)

14) Semisolids, immediately present


beneath the cell membrane is
called________?
A) Cytosol
B) Ectoplasm
C) Cytoplasm
D) Endoplasm
Answer : (B)

15) Clear fluid portion of cytoplasm in


which particles are dispersed is known
as _______?
A) Particles
B) Plasma
C) Mitochondria
D)Cytosol
Answer : (D)

16) which one group is examples of


organelles?
A) Mitochondria, Golgi Apparatus,
Cytoplasm
B) Ribosomes, Peroxisomes, Cytosol
C) Endoplasmic Reticulum, Lysosomes,
Peroxisomes
D) Lysosomes, Mitochondria, Particles
Answer : (C)
17) Ribosomes attached to its outer
surface are known as_______?
A) Granular Endoplasmic Reticulum
B) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulam
C) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
D) Both A & B
Answer : (D)

18) Which one is contain nucleases for


degrading DNA & RNA?
A) Mitochondria
B) Lysosomes
C) Protoplasm
D) Ribosomes
Answer : (B)

19)_________ is a bactericidal agents.


A) Sectory Vesicles
B) Mitochondria
C) Lysozymes
D) Peroxisomes
Answer : (C)

20) Ribosomes consist of________subunit


respectively.
A) 60S and 40S
B) 50S and 60S
C) 40S and 60S
D) 60S and 50S
Answer : (A)

21)_________ prevents the free mixing of


cytoplasm with nuecleoplasm.
A) Mitochondria
B) Endoplasmic Reticulm
C) Nuclear Membrane
D) Nuclear Pores
Answer : (C)
GIT
1. The parts of GIT are:

A. Orophyranx

B. Mouth

C. Stomach

D. All

Answer:D

2. Daily secretion of saliva are:

A. 800-1500ml

B. 800-1600ml

C. 800-1200ml

D. 800-1500ml

Answer: A

3. Normal pH of saliva is

A. 6.8-7.4

B. 6.7-7.4

C. 6.6-7.4

D. 6.5-7.4

Answer:B

4. Saliva consist of portions:

A. Acini

B. Ducts

C. Both

D. None

Answer:C
5. A typical Oxyntic glands consist of cells:

A. Mucus cells

B. Peptic cells

C. Parietal cells

D. All of them

Answer:D

6. The first mechanical process in oral cavity is:

A. Secretion of saliva

B. Mastication

C. Gastric secretion

D. All of them

Answer:B

7. Oxyntic glands secretes:

A. HCL

B. Pepsinogen

C. Intrinsic factors

D. All of them

Answer:D

8. Pyloric glands secrete:

A. Mucus

B. Gastrin

C. Both

D. None

Answer:C

9. Intrinsic factor is essential for secretion of:


A. Vitamin B12

B. Vitamin B6

C. Vitamin d

D. Vitamin C

Answer:A

10. Gastric secretions occurs in phases:

A. 2

B. 3

C. 4

D. 5

Answer:B

11. The layer of mucus secreting cells is thick about:

A. 1mm

B. 2mm

C. 3mm

D. 0.1mm

Answer:A

12. Pancreatic juice contains secretions:

A. Enzyme

B. Large volume of NAHCO3 solution

C. Both

D. None

Answer:C

13. The enzymes for proteins are:

A. Trypsin
B. Chymotrypsin

C. Carboxypeptidase

D. All of them

Answer:D

14. Enterokinase helps in conversion of:

A. Lactose into glucose

B. Trypsinogen into trypsin

C. Maltase into glucose and galactose

D. None

Answer:B

15. The hormone secreted by duodenum in response to food:

A. Chylocystokonin

B. Acetylcholine

C. Both

D. None

Answer:A

16. Secretion of liver is called:

A. Bile

B. Saliva

C. Gastrin

D. All

Answer:A

17. The average daily secretion of bile is:

A. 1000ml/day

B. 900ml/day
C. 800ml/day

D. 700ml/day

Answer:C

18. The maximum capacity of gallbladder is:

A. 60-70ml

B. 30-60ml

C. 40-60ml

D. 50-60ml

Answer:B

19. Liver synthesize about______g of bile salts daily:

A. 6

B. 7

C. 8

D. 9

Answer:A

20. Functions of mastication include:

A. Formation of bolus

B. Mixing of saliva with food

C. Oral hygiene

D. All of them

Answer:D
RENAL PHYSIOLOGY
[Link] kidney lie behind the peritoneum in the abdomen either side of the

a) vertebral column

b) Renal column

C) Pelvis

D) Ureter

Answer A

[Link] structure of Kidney is divided into_____ areas

a)4

b)3

c)2

d)7

Answer C

[Link] apex of renal pyramid is called

a)renal papilla

b)minor calyx

c)major calyx

d)cortex

Answer A

[Link] passes through the major calyx into the

a)cortex

b)Renal pelvis

c)Hilum

d)Medulla
Answer b

[Link] means

A)Cluster of thread

B)Cluster of blood

c)Ball of thread

d)ball of blood

Answer c

[Link] tubule constitutes _______ parts

a)3

b)5

c)4

d)6

Answer a

[Link] wall of blood capillaries are made up of

a)bowman capsule

b) endosteric cell

C)creatinine d)cortex

Answer B

[Link] wall of descending limb are permeable only to

a)fluid

b)salt

c)water

d)sodium

Answer c
[Link] last step of urine formation is

a) secretion

b)Re absorption

c)Absorption

d) Excretion

ANSWER D

[Link] concentrate the urine a process CCM held in _________

a)loop of henle

b)distal tube

c)collecting tube

d)renal tubule

Answer a

11. The specific gravity of urine is.

a) 1.015-1.020

b) 1.015-1.025

c) 1.016-1.026

d) 1.015-1.016

Answer B

12. The abnormal constituents of urine are.

a) Urea ,Uric acid

b) Chloride,phosphate

c) Proteins,sugars

d) Allantoin ,hippuric acid

Answer C
13. Kidney excretes waste products especially nitrogenous and sulphur
containing end products of------

a) Protein metabolism

b) Lipid metabolism

c) Carbohydrate metabolism

d) None of these

Answer A

14. The fluid that comes into the bowman's capsule after filtration is called.

a) Bowman's filtrate

b) Glomerular filtrate

c) Both of these

d) All of the above

Answer B

15. What is the value of glomerular filtration rate?

a) 115ml/min

b) 120ml/min

c) 125ml/min

d) 130ml/min

Answer C

16. The glomerular membrane consists of which of the following components.

a) Capillary endothelium

b) Basement membrane

c) Outer epithelial lining

d) All of these

Answer D
17. In which factors the basement membrane of selective permeability depends?

a) Size of pore

b) Electrical charge

c) Shape of pore

d) Both a and b

Answer C

18. An increase in hydrostatic pressure of the bowman's capsule ----------- the


glomerular filtration rate.

a) Decreases

b) Increases

c) Does not affect

d) None of these

Answer A

19. About how much of the sodium (Na) is filtered in glomerular filtrate.

a) 60%

b) 65%

c) 70%

d) 80%

Answer B

20. The reabsorption of uric acid directly depends upon the reabsorption of
which ion?

a) Chloride ion

b) Potassium ion

c) Sodium ion

d) Bicarbonate ion
Answer C
Cardiac physiology mcqs

1. Cardiovascular system includes_______


a) Veins
b) Blood vessels
c) Heart
d) Both b and c

Answer: D

2. Heart is situated in between _____


a) Pancreas
b) Lungs
c) Stomach
d) Liver

Answer: B

3. Right and left ventricles are separated from one another by_____
a) Interventricular septum
b) Fibrous septum
c) Striated septum
d) None of these

Answer: A

4. Right atrium communicates with the right ventricle through____


a) Bicuspid valve
b) Tricuspid valve
c) Aortic valve
d) All of these

Answer: B

5. Left atrium receives _______ blood from the______


a) Deoxygenated , liver
b) Oxygenated , lungs
c) Deoxygenated , lungs
d) Oxygenated , liver

Answer: B

6. Which is the outer covering of the heart?


a) Pericardium
b) Myocardium
c) Endocardium
d) Ectocardium

Answer: A

7. _____ is a structure in a heart that generates impulses for heart beat


a) Cardiac output
b) Pacemaker
c) Stroke
d) Aorta

Answer: B

8. ______ action is the excitability of cardiac muscle.


a) Bathmotropic action
b) Dromotropic action
c) Inotropic action
d) Chronotropic action

Answer: B

9. Valves are present in____


a) Arteries
b) Veins
c) Capillaries
d) Pacemaker

Answer: B

[Link] and Thickening in the wall of arteries is due to___


a) Arteriosclerosis
b) Arthrosclerosis
c) Blood clotting
d) Hypertension

Answer: A

11. Inflammation of the walls of veins leads to the formation of an intravascular


clot called ____
a) Thyroid gland
b) Thrombosis
c) Ulcer
d) Blood clot

Answer: B

12. Pulmonary circulation is also known as


a) Systemic circulation
b) Greater circulation
c) Lesser circulation
d) Arterial system

Answer: C

13. Through systemic circulation venous blood returns to heart from ____
a) Lungs
b) Body
c) Tissues
d) Cells

Answer: C

14. The pressure exerted by circulating blood upon the walls of blood vessels is
called ____
a) Blood pressure
b) Heart pressure
c) Stroke volume
d) TPR

Answer: A
15. The decreased pressure due to the relaxation of ventricles is called___
a) Diastolic pressure
b) Systolic pressure
c) Blood pressure
d) Stroke volume

Answer: A

16. The amount of blood ejected from left ventricle per min is called___
a) Cardiac output
b) Stroke volume
c) TPR
d) Heart rate

Answer:

17. The sum of resistance of all peripheral vasculature in the systemic


circulation is called___
a) Heart beat
b) TPR
c) Cardiac output
d) BP

Answer: B

18. _____ functions in the exchange of nutrients between blood and tissues at
cellular level.
a) Veins
b) Arteries
c) Capillaries
d) Lungs

Answer: C

19. _____ prevent the backflow of blood into atria


a) Atrioventricular valves
b) Semilunar valves
c) Pulmonary valves
d) Aortic valves

Answer: A

20. Valves of the heart permit the flow of blood in only ____ direction
a) Two
b) One
c) Three
d) All directions

Answer: B

Common questions

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The hormone secreted by the duodenum in response to food is cholecystokinin (CCK). CCK has a significant impact by stimulating the gallbladder to release bile, aiding in the emulsification of fats. It also influences the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes and slows down gastric emptying, ensuring efficient digestion and nutrient absorption . These functions underscore the hormone's critical role in coordinating digestive processes.

Mitochondria are pivotal in cellular respiration as they host the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis processes crucial for ATP production . Their structural features, including a highly folded inner membrane (cristae), maximize the surface area for accommodating numerous protein complexes involved in oxidative phosphorylation. The matrix contains enzymes for the citric acid cycle, linking metabolic pathways to energy production . These attributes collectively enable effective ATP generation, highlighting the organelle's role as the cell's powerhouse.

In renal physiology, the capillary endothelium serves as the first barrier in the glomerular membrane with fenestrations allowing selective movement of small molecules while retaining larger proteins and cells . The basement membrane, acting as a second selective barrier, relies on both the size and charge exclusion principles. It prevents the passage of negatively charged and large molecules, ensuring only water, ions, and small solutes are filtered into the Bowman's capsule . These structures work in tandem to maintain glomerular filtration selectivity.

Gastric secretion occurs in three phases: the cephalic, gastric, and intestinal phases . These phases involve interactions between the nervous and endocrine systems. In the cephalic phase, the sight and smell of food stimulate gastric secretion via neural pathways. The gastric phase begins once food enters the stomach, increasing gastric secretion mediated by gastrin. Finally, in the intestinal phase, partially digested food enters the intestine, where feedback mechanisms reduce gastric secretion to allow for efficient digestion and absorption .

The basic structure of a cell membrane, composed primarily of phospholipids and cholesterol, facilitates its function by forming a bilayer that provides a fluid and dynamic barrier, allowing selective permeability to various molecules . Phospholipids create a hydrophobic core with hydrophilic heads facing outward, which helps maintain the membrane's integrity and allows for flexibility and fluidity in the membrane environment .

Oxyntic glands demonstrate integration in gastric physiology by secreting multiple products crucial for digestion, including hydrochloric acid (HCl), pepsinogen, and intrinsic factors . HCl creates an acidic environment beneficial for enzymes like pepsinogen to convert into active pepsin, essential for protein digestion, while intrinsic factors are necessary for vitamin B12 absorption . This multifaceted secretion supports various digestive processes simultaneously, highlighting their integrative role in gastric physiology.

Differentiation of cell membrane proteins into structural, globular, and nucleo categories significantly influences cellular function by determining the cell's dynamic interactions and stability . Structural proteins provide mechanical support, maintaining cell shape and integrity. Globular proteins function as enzymes and receptors, facilitating communication and metabolic processes. Nucleo proteins, which include membrane-associated signaling complexes, aid in information relay mechanisms within cells. This categorization underpins cellular processes, from metabolism to signal transduction and structural integrity .

Oxidative phosphorylation is essential for ATP production because it uses the energy released by the electron transport chain to add a phosphate group to ADP, forming ATP . The mitochondrion plays a crucial role by providing the environment where the electron transport chain can function; its inner membrane contains the necessary protein complexes and ATP synthase .

The nucleolus is critical in cellular function as it is responsible for synthesizing ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assembling ribosomes, which are vital for protein synthesis . By producing these ribosomal components, the nucleolus ensures the cell can produce proteins necessary for various cellular activities, playing a direct role in the cell's ability to grow and replicate efficiently .

The process when liquid material is engulfed by a cell is called pinocytosis . This process involves the cellular membrane forming vesicles around the liquid particles. In comparison, phagocytosis is the process of engulfing solid material, where larger vesicles are formed as compared to pinocytosis .

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