Unit 9
- A cell stores chemical energy that can be changed into electrical energy
- Battery = two or more cells joined together
- Cell and other components of a circuit
o Has two terminals
Positive (+)
Negative (-)
- The flow of electrons in a circuit is called current
- Electrons
o Everything has electrons
o Electrons are very small
o Only electrons in a metal are free to move
o Electrons move randomly in a metal
o Electrons can only move in a complete circuit
o When electrons are placed in a circuit, they move in the same direction
o Have a negative charge
o (Like charges repel and opposite charges attract)
Positive and positive = repel
Negative and negative = repel
Positive and negative = attract
o Electrons are attracted to the positive terminal of the cell/ battery
o The negative terminal of the cell/battery pushes the negatively charged
electrons, which are pulled/attracted by the positive terminal of the cell/ battery
o
- Advantages of circuit diagrams compared to pictures
o Circuit diagrams are easier to draw
o The components have standard symbols
o The wires are drawn with straight lines, which are easy to interpret
o It saves time
o
- Here are some symbols
used in a circuit diagram
(A lamp changes electrical
energy to light and thermal
energy)
ads
SDF
s
s
s
s
- When electrons move more quickly, the current increases
- When the electrons move more slowly, the current decrease
- Currents are measured in units called Amps (A)
o Ammeters are always connected in series
- Conductors are materials that can conduct electricity
- Conductors allow electrical current to flow
- Conductors allow electrons to flow
- All metals are conductors
- Electrical insulators are materials that inhibit electrical current to flow
- In an insulator, electrons are not free to move
- Because electrons can’t move, current can’t flow
- Insulators are used to keep people safe from electricity
- Electrons flow at the same speed in the wires of a series circuit
- If you put the components at any position of the circuit, the reading in the ammeter will
stay the same
- Adding or removing the components will affect the reading/current
- S
- Adding or removing cells
o A cell stores chemical energy, which can be converted into electrical energy
o If you add more cells, there will be more chemical energy to convert into
electrical energy
o If you remove the cells, there will be less chemical energy to convert into
electrical energy
- Adding or removing lamps
o A lamp changes electrical energy to light and thermal energy
o If more lamps are added, more chemical energy will be needed
o If you remove lamps, there will be more chemical energy to convert into light
and thermal
3.
4 5.
.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. S
11.
12.
13. Explain, in terms of particles, the difference between a conductor and an
insulator
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
14. 15.
16.
17
