DSBSC Demodulators

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The process of extracting an original message signal from DSBSC wave is known as
detection or demodulation of DSBSC. The following demodulators (detectors) are used
for demodulating DSBSC wave.

Coherent Detector
Costas Loop

Coherent Detector
Here, the same carrier signal (which is used for generating DSBSC signal) is used to
detect the message signal. Hence, this process of detection is called as coherent or
synchronous detection. Following is the block diagram of the coherent detector.

In this process, the message signal can be extracted from DSBSC wave by multiplying it
with a carrier, having the same frequency and the phase of the carrier used in DSBSC
modulation. The resulting signal is then passed through a Low Pass Filter. Output of this
filter is the desired message signal.

Let the DSBSC wave be

s(t)=Accos(2πfct)m(t)
s(t)=Accos⁡(2πfct)m(t)

The output of the local oscillator is

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c(t)=Accos(2πfct+ϕ)
c(t)=Accos⁡(2πfct+ϕ)

Where, ϕϕ is the phase difference between the local oscillator signal and the carrier
signal, which is used for DSBSC modulation.

From the figure, we can write the output of product modulator as

v(t)=s(t)c(t)
v(t)=s(t)c(t)

Substitute, s(t)s(t) and c(t)c(t) values in the above equation.

⇒v(t)=Accos(2πfct)m(t)Accos(2πfct+ϕ)
⇒v(t)=Accos⁡(2πfct)m(t)Accos⁡(2πfct+ϕ)

=Ac2cos(2πfct)cos(2πfct+ϕ)m(t)=Ac2cos⁡(2πfct)cos⁡(2πfct+ϕ)m(t)

=Ac22[cos(4πfct+ϕ)+cosϕ]m(t)=Ac22[cos⁡(4πfct+ϕ)+cos⁡ϕ]m(t)

v(t)=Ac22cosϕm(t)+Ac22cos(4πfct+ϕ)m(t)
v(t)=Ac22cos⁡ϕm(t)+Ac22cos⁡(4πfct+ϕ)m(t)

In the above equation, the first term is the scaled version of the message signal. It can be
extracted by passing the above signal through a low pass filter.

Therefore, the output of low pass filter is

v0t=Ac22cosϕm(t)
v0t=Ac22cos⁡ϕm(t)

The demodulated signal amplitude will be maximum, when ϕ=00ϕ=00. That’s why the
local oscillator signal and the carrier signal should be in phase, i.e., there should not be
any phase difference between these two signals.

The demodulated signal amplitude will be zero, when ϕ=±900ϕ=±900. This effect is
called as quadrature null effect.

Costas Loop
Costas loop is used to make both the carrier signal (used for DSBSC modulation) and the
locally generated signal in phase. Following is the block diagram of Costas loop.

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Costas loop consists of two product modulators with common input s(t)s(t), which is
DSBSC wave. The other input for both product modulators is taken from Voltage
Controlled Oscillator (VCO) with −900−900 phase shift to one of the product modulator
as shown in figure.

We know that the equation of DSBSC wave is

s(t)=Accos(2πfct)m(t)
s(t)=Accos⁡(2πfct)m(t)

Let the output of VCO be

c1(t)=cos(2πfct+ϕ)
c1(t)=cos⁡(2πfct+ϕ)

This output of VCO is applied as the carrier input of the upper product modulator.

Hence, the output of the upper product modulator is

v1(t)=s(t)c1(t)
v1(t)=s(t)c1(t)

Substitute, s(t)s(t) and c1(t)c1(t) values in the above equation.

⇒v1(t)=Accos(2πfct)m(t)cos(2πfct+ϕ)
⇒v1(t)=Accos⁡(2πfct)m(t)cos⁡(2πfct+ϕ)

After simplifying, we will get v1(t)v1(t) as

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v1(t)=Ac2cosϕm(t)+Ac2cos(4πfct+ϕ)m(t)
v1(t)=Ac2cos⁡ϕm(t)+Ac2cos⁡(4πfct+ϕ)m(t)

This signal is applied as an input of the upper low pass filter. The output of this low pass
filter is

v01(t)=Ac2cosϕm(t)
v01(t)=Ac2cos⁡ϕm(t)

Therefore, the output of this low pass filter is the scaled version of the modulating signal.

The output of −900−900 phase shifter is

c2(t)=cos(2πfct+ϕ−900)=sin(2πfct+ϕ)
c2(t)=cos(2πfct+ϕ−900)=sin⁡(2πfct+ϕ)

This signal is applied as the carrier input of the lower product modulator.

The output of the lower product modulator is

v2(t)=s(t)c2(t)
v2(t)=s(t)c2(t)

Substitute, s(t)s(t) and c2(t)c2(t) values in the above equation.

⇒v2(t)=Accos(2πfct)m(t)sin(2πfct+ϕ)
⇒v2(t)=Accos⁡(2πfct)m(t)sin⁡(2πfct+ϕ)

After simplifying, we will get v2(t)v2(t) as

v2(t)=Ac2sinϕm(t)+Ac2sin(4πfct+ϕ)m(t)
v2(t)=Ac2sin⁡ϕm(t)+Ac2sin⁡(4πfct+ϕ)m(t)

This signal is applied as an input of the lower low pass filter. The output of this low pass
filter is

v02(t)=Ac2sinϕm(t)
v02(t)=Ac2sin⁡ϕm(t)

The output of this Low pass filter has −900−900 phase difference with the output of the
upper low pass filter.

The outputs of these two low pass filters are applied as inputs of the phase discriminator.
Based on the phase difference between these two signals, the phase discriminator
produces a DC control signal.

This signal is applied as an input of VCO to correct the phase error in VCO output.
Therefore, the carrier signal (used for DSBSC modulation) and the locally generated
signal (VCO output) are in phase.

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