ARCH 424 : PLANNING 3

Location theory:
the foundation of planning
REFERENCES:
[Link]
3.0 LOCATION THEORY: THE FOUNDATION OF PLANNING. (n.d.). LOCATION THEORY: THE
FOUNDATION OF PLANNING.
Location Theory:The foundation of planning andother economic theories and models. (n.d.).
Studocu. [Link]
philippines/planning-3/planning-finals-reviewer/58993649?utm_campaign=shared-
document&utm_source=studocu-
document&utm_medium=social_sharing&utm_content=planning-finals-reviewer

DATE GIVEN: february 6, 2025

DATE DUE: FEBRUARY 10, 2025
AR. BLESIE JOY M. LAGUNA, UAP
syan michael s. ulnagan
01
INTRODUCTION:
LOCATION THEORY: THE FOUNDATION OF PLANNING

WHAT IS LOCATION THEORY? (THE INTENSITY OF PRODUCTION

DECLINES WITH DISTANCE AWAY FROM
LOCATION THEORY REFERS TO THE
THE MARKET)
STUDY OF HOW AND WHY DECISIONS
REGARDING THE PLACEMENT AND LAND IN GREATEST DEMAND WOULD BE AS
ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES, NEAR AS POSSIBLE TO THE MARKET ON
INCLUDING PEOPLE, GOODS, AND ACCOUNT OF LOW TRANSPORT COSTS.
SERVICES, ARE MADE IN BOTH THE THE HIGHEST RENT WOULD BE GAINED
PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SECTORS. IT FOR THIS ADVANTAGE AND THE
INVOLVES UNDERSTANDING SPATIAL HIGHEST VALUE OUTPUT PER HECTARE
PATTERNS OF ACTIVITY AND USING THIS WOULD ACCRUE.
KNOWLEDGE TO MAKE PREDICTIONS AND OUTER BELT WOULD HAVE LITTLE DEMAND
PLAN FOR FUTURE SERVICE PROVISION. FOR LAND BECAUSE OF TRANSPORT
THE GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION OF COSTS.
ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES RENT WOULD BE LOW AND THE VALUE
ADDRESSES THE QUESTIONS OF WHAT OF EXTENSIVE PRODUCTION WOULD
ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ARE LOCATED BE CORRESPONDINGLY LOW.
WHERE AND WHY? MODIFICATIONS
RESTS PRIMARILY ON THE ASSUMPTION OVERALL USE PATTERN MIGHT BE
THAT AGENTS ACT IN THEIR OWN SELF MODIFIED BY THE EXISTENCE OF A
INTEREST. FIRMS CHOOSE LOCATIONS NAVIGABLE RIVER.
THAT MAXIMIZE THEIR PROFITS AND COST OF RIVER TRANSPORT ARE LOW
INDIVIDUALS CHOOSE LOCATIONS THAT ESPECIALLY FOR BULKY COMMODITIES
MAXIMIZE THEIR UTILITY. COMPARED TO FAIRLY HIGH
TRANSPORT COST OVERLAND.
POSTULATED THAT AROUND A CENTRAL RIVER WOULD HAVE THE EFFECT OF
TOWN EXTENDING THE DIFFERENT LAND USES
RURAL LAND OF CONSTANT FERTILITY ALMOST PARALLEL ALONG ITS
ASSUMED DIFFERENT FORMS. (THE TYPE COURSE.
OF LAND USE VARIES WITH DISTANCE FURTHER MODIFICATION MIGHT
AWAY FROM THE MARKET) OCCUR IF A SMALL CITY WITH ITS OWN
LAND USE DIMINISHING INTENSIVELY IN PRODUCTION ZONES IS LOCATED
REVERSE RELATIONSHIP TO INCREASED WITHIN THE LAND USE PATTERN OF THE
DISTANCE FROM THE TOWN. MAIN SETTLEMENTS

02
DISSATISFACTION ON THE PART OF KNOWN FOR HIS DIFFERENTIAL RENT
INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS CONCERNING THEORY BASED ON FERTILITY BUT HE
THEIR RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE ALSO GAVE "SITUATION" AS A
ENVIRONMENT WILL LEAD THEM TO TAKE POSSIBLE CAUSE OF RENT.
MODIFYING ACTIONS. THESE CHANGES “IF ALL LAND HAD THE SAME PROPERTIES, IF IT WERE
COULD INCLUDE: UNLIMITED IN QUANTITY, AND UNIFORM IN QUALITY,
NO CHARGES COULD BE MADE FOR ITS USE,
THE NATURE OF THE ACTIVITY ITSELF UNLESS WHERE IT POSSESSED PECULIAR
THE SPACE IN WHICH IT WAS CARRIED ADVANTAGES OF SITUATION”.
OUT ECONOMIC RENT
ITS LOCATION WITH RESPECT TO ALL THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE
OTHER ACTIVITIES PRODUCE OBTAINED BY THE
THE KINDS OF COMMUNICATIONS MADE EMPLOYMENT OF TWO EQUAL
WITH ACTIVITIES AT OTHER LOCATIONS QUANTITIES OF CAPITAL AND LABOR
THE CHANNELS WHICH SERVED TO THE PAYMENT OVER AND ABOVE WHAT
CARRY OR TRANSMIT THEM IS NECESSARY TO STAY IN BUSINESS
EARLY LOCATION THEORY WAS 2. ALFRED WEBER
CONCERNED WITH AGRICULTURAL LAND USE,
(JOHANN VON THÜNEN) AND WITH INDUSTRIAL
LOCATION (ALFRED WEBER).

MODERN LOCATION THEORY HAS BEEN

CONCERNED WITH THE REAL INDIVIDUAL,
RATHER THAN WITH RATIONAL ECONOMIC
MAN REFLECTING THE INFLUENCE OF
BEHAVIORAL GEOGRAPHY
1. DAVID RICARDO
WAS AN ENGLISH POLITICAL ECONOMIST,
AND WAS ONE OF THE MOST INFLUENTIAL
OF THE CLASSICAL ECONOMISTS. HIS
MOST FAMOUS WORK IS HIS PRINCIPLES
OF POLITICAL ECONOMY AND TAXATION,
WHEREIN HE DISCUSSED HIS THEORIES
A GERMAN ECONOMIST,
ON LABOR VALUE, RENT AND
SOCIOLOGIST, AND THEORETICIAN OF
COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE.
CULTURE. WORKS WERE INFLUENTIAL IN
THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN
ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY. AUTHOR OF
THEORY OF THE LOCATION OF
INDUSTRIES, STUDIED INDUSTRIAL
LOCATION DECISIONS, AND BUILT ON
VON THUNEN’S THEORY BY
CONSIDERING NOT ONLY THE COSTS
OF GETTING GOODS TO MARKET, BUT
ALSO THE COSTS OF TRANSPORTING
MATERIAL INPUTS TO THE
MANUFACTURING PLANT.
CONSIDERED TRANSPORTATION
COST AS THE DIRECT FUNCTION OF
THE WEIGHT OF THE ITEM AND
DISTANCE SHIPPED.

03
 HE ASSERTED THAT “ALL ELSE BEING FIGURE 3
EQUAL, MANUFACTURERS WILL TRANSPORTATION COST FOR THE PRODUCT
LOCATE THEIR PLANTS EITHER AT THE DELIVERED TO THE MARKET WILL BE LOWEST
MARKET OR THE SOURCE OF THE OF ALL IF THE PROCESSING PLANT IS
INPUT DEPENDING ON WHETHER OR LOCATED AT THE SOURCE OF THE RAW
MATERIAL.
NOT THE FINAL PRODUCT GAINS
WEIGHT OR LOSES WEIGHT IN THE WEBER’S WEIGHT-GAINING CASE
MANUFACTURING PROCESS”. THE FINAL PRODUCT IS HEAVIER THAN
WEBER FORMULATED A THEORY OF THE RAW MATERIALS THAT REQUIRES
INDUSTRIAL LOCATION WHICH INDUSTRY
TRANSPORT
LOCATED
FORMULATED A THEORY OF
INDUSTRIAL LOCATION IN WHICH AN
INDUSTRY IS LOCATED WHERE THE
TRANSPORTATION COSTS OF RAW
MATERIALS AND FINAL PRODUCT IS AT A
MINIMUM (LEAST-COST LOCATION). HIS
MODEL ALLOWED FOR THREE TYPES OF
LOCATIONS: (1) RAW MATERIALS THE WEIGHT GAINING CASE IS ILLUSTRATED IN
LOCATIONS, (2) A PRODUCTION SITE FIGURES 4, 5 AND 6. THE OPTIMAL LOCATION
FOR FINAL GOODS, AND (3) A OF THE PROCESSING PLANT IN THIS CASE IS
CONSUMPTION CENTER AT THE MARKET.
TRANSPORTATION COST FOR THE PRODUCT
WEBER’S WEIGHT-LOSING CASE DELIVERED TO THE MARKET WILL BE LOWEST
THE WEIGHT OF THE FINAL PRODUCT IS OF ALL IF THE PROCESSING PLANT IS
LOCATED AT THE MARKET.
LESS THAN THE WEIGHT OF THE RAW
MATERIAL GOING INTO MAKING THE WEBER ESTABLISHED THAT FIRMS
PRODUCT PRODUCING GOODS LESS BULKY THAN THE
RAW MATERIALS USED IN THEIR
PRODUCTION WOULD SETTLE NEAR THE
RAW-MATERIAL SOURCE. FIRMS
PRODUCING HEAVIER GOODS WOULD
SETTLE NEAR THEIR MARKET. THE FIRM
MINIMIZES THE WEIGHT IT HAS TO
FIGURE 1 TRANSPORT AND, THUS, ITS TRANSPORT
THE PROCESSING PLANT IS LOCATED COSTS
SOMEWHERE BETWEEN THE SOURCE AND THE
MARKET. THE INCREASE IN TRANSPORT COST 3. WILLIAM ALONSO
TO THE LEFT OF THE PROCESSING PLANT IS
THE COST OF TRANSPORTING THE RAW
MATERIAL FROM ITS SOURCE. THE RISE IN THE
TRANSPORTATION COST TO THE RIGHT OF THE
PROCESSING PLANT IS THE COST OF
TRANSPORTING THE FINAL PRODUCT. NOTE
THE LINE ON THE LEFT OF THE PROCESSING
PLANT HAS A STEEPER SLOPE THAN THE ONE
ON THE RIGHT BECAUSE THE RAW MATERIAL IS
HEAVIER THAN THE FINISHED GOOD.
FIGURE 2
SITUATION IF THE PROCESSING PLANT IS
MOVED CLOSER TO THE SOURCE OF RAW
MATERIAL. NOTE THAT THE TRANSPORT COST
OF THE FINAL PRODUCT DELIVERED TO THE
MARKET IS LOWER THAN IN THE PREVIOUS
LOCATION. THE OPTIMAL LOCATION OF THE
PROCESSING PLANT IS AT SOURCE OF THE
RAW MATERIAL, AS SHOWN IN

04
 EXTENDED THE VON THÜNEN MODEL TO EXAMPLES TO THIS ARE THE FOLLOWING:
URBAN LAND USES. 1. LAND VALUE LOCATION
HIS MODEL GIVES LAND USE, RENT, 2. COST OF LAND DEVELOPMENT
INTENSITY OF LAND USE, POPULATION 3. INCREASE/DECREASE IN POPULATION
AND EMPLOYMENT AS A FUNCTION OF 4. TRENDS, CHANGES IN FASHION AND
DISTANCE TO THE CBD OF THE CITY AS TASTES
A SOLUTION OF AN ECONOMIC 5. CHANGES IN TECHNOLOGY
EQUILIBRIUM FOR THE MARKET FOR 6. CHANGES IN MONEY SUPPLY
SPACE. 7. CHANGES IN PLANNING CONTROLS
HE POSTULATED THAT THERE IS AN PUBLIC INTEREST
INVERSE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PUBLIC ACTION THAT SEEKS TO
TRANSPORTATION COST AND RENT ASSURE LIVABILITY AND SOUND
SUCH THAT IF TRANSPORTATION COST DEVELOPMENT IN THE CITY AS LAND IS PUT
IS HIGH, THEN THE RENT IS LOW TO URBAN USE. IT INVOLVES THE NOTION
OF CONTROL FOR PUBLIC ENDS AS THEY
MAY BE DISTINGUISHED FROM PRIVATE,
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ENDS. PUBLIC
INTEREST VALUES COME INTO PLAY IN
LEGALISTIC ACTIONS OF FORMAL
GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS. THIS IS
REFERRED TO AS "ACTIONS TAKEN IN THE
PUBLIC INTEREST." AMONG THESE
HE DEVELOPED THE "BID-PRICE CONCERNS ARE:
CURVE": A SET OF COMBINATIONS OF 1. LIVABILITY
LAND PRICES AND DISTANCES AMONG 2. AMENITY
WHICH THE INDIVIDUAL IS INDIFFERENT (I.E. 3. SAFETY
SATISFIED WITH THE COMBINATION OF 4. CONVENIENCE
LAND PRICE AS WELL AS THE DISTANCE AT 5. ECONOMY
SOME POINT). HABU
USE IN A MANNER THAT PROVIDES AN
LAND USE DETERMINANTS
OPTIMUM RETURN TO THEIR
PHYSICAL DETERMINANTS OPERATORS AND/OR SOCIETY.
THE PHYSICAL AND NATURAL FEATURES USE FOR THE PURPOSE OF WHICH IT
OF THE LAND MAY SERVE AS ONE OF THE HAS THE HIGHEST COMPARATIVE
CONSIDERATIONS IN ASSESSING THE LAND'S ADVANTAGE OR LEAST COMPARATIVE
CAPABILITY AND SUITABILITY TO SUPPORT DISADVANTAGE RELATIVE TO OTHER
CERTAIN USES, AND CAN BE CONSIDERED USES.
AS DETERMINANTS OF LAND USE NEED FOR PLANNING AND OTHER TYPES
DECISIONS. OF LAND DEVELOPMENT (REAL ESTATE)
1. TOPOGRAPHY DUE TO POPULATION GROWTH, MIGRATION
2. GEOLOGY PATTERNS, ETC.
3. CLIMATE SOCIETAL TRENDS DUE TO CHANGING
4. SOIL LIVING PATTERNS, CHANGES IN CLASS
5. BODIES OF WATER STRUCTURE, AND CHANGES IN WORK
6. ENVIRONMENTALLY CRITICAL AREAS CONDITIONS AND LIFESTYLES.
ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS CHANGES ARE BROUGHT ABOUT BY
THE ECONOMIC CONDITION OF THE NEW TECHNOLOGY, E.G. USE OF
LAND AND THE SURROUNDING AREA IS AN MASS TRANSIT SYSTEMS, NEW ROAD
ESSENTIAL CRITERION IN ARRIVING AT A SYSTEMS, NEW FORMS OF
DEVELOPMENT DECISION. COMMUNICATION, ETC.

05
CHANGING VALUES AND ATTITUDES THE SOCIAL AND CULTURAL LIFE OF THE
GROWING AWARENESS AND CITY ALSO FOCUSES ON THE CBD
APPRECIATION OF HEALTHIER (THEATERS, MUSEUMS, RESTAURANTS,
SURROUNDINGS NIGHT SPOTS, ETC.)
REQUIREMENTS OF PEOPLE 2. WHOLESALE AND LIGHT
BELONGING TO DIFFERENT SOCIAL MANUFACTURING
CLASSES (SUBURBAN SURROUNDS THE CBD
NEIGHBORHOODS VS. DOWNTOWN 3. LOW RESIDENTIAL AREAS
NEIGHBORHOODS) A ZONE IN TRANSITION. OFTEN THIS IS
INCOME WHERE THE SLUM AREAS ARE LOCATED,
WITH POPULATION DENSITY VERY HIGH,
ECONOMIC STRUCTURE POVERTY QUITE COMMON, AND CRIME
THE GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION AND BEING A SERIOUS PROBLEM.
DISTRIBUTION OF ACTIVITIES WITHIN AN
4. MEDIUM CLASS RESIDENTIAL AREAS
URBAN OR METROPOLITAN AREA
ALL URBAN ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES THE INDEPENDENT WORKING MEN'S
(BASIC AND NON-BASIC) COMPETE HOME
FOR URBAN SPACE - AND SOME ARE 5. HIGH CLASS RESIDENTIAL AREAS
MORE SUCCESSFUL THAN OTHERS THE ZONE OF BETTER RESIDENCES OF
BECAUSE SOME URBAN ECONOMIC HIGH INCOME FAMILIES, WHERE
ACTIVITIES ARE MORE COMPETITIVE EXCLUSIVE RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS ARE
THAN OTHERS, THESE ACTIVITIES ARE LOCATED, AND POPULATION DENSITY IS
TYPICALLY FOUND IN SIMILAR KINDS OF LOWER.
URBAN LOCATION
ALMOST ALL CITIES EXHIBIT THE SAME 6. HEAVY MANUFACTURING DISTRICT
PATTERN OF URBAN ECONOMIC [Link] ZONE
STRUCTURE, WITH ONLY MINOR RESIDENTIAL SUBURBS AND EXURBS
VARIATIONS FROM CITY TO CITY OUTSIDE CITY LIMITS
8. OUTLYING BUSINESS DISTRICTS;
GENERAL PATTERNS IN URBAN RESIDENTIAL AND INDUSTRIAL SUBURBS
ECONOMIC STRUCTURE BY LAND USE

THREE (3) MODELS OF URBAN

ECONOMIC STRUCTURE
1. THE CONCENTRIC RING MODEL BY
ERNEST WATSON BURGES (1886-1966) - AN
URBAN SOCIOLOGIST AT THE UNIVERSITY
OF CHICAGO 2411 PRESIDENT OF THE
AMERICAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION
1. CENTRAL BUSINESS CENTER (ASA) IN 1934
THE CITY'S CENTER. THE FOCUS OF SOME OF THE BOOKS HE WROTE
TRANSPORTATION ROUTES AND THE 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE SCIENCE OF
FOREMOST LOCATION OF SOCIOLOGY (1921, WITH ROBERT E.
COMMERCIAL, SOCIAL AND BUSINESS PARK)
ACTIVITIES 2. THE CITY ( 1925, WITH ROBERT E PARK
RETAILING RANGES FROM HUGE AND RODERICK D MCKENZIE) .
DEPARTMENT STORES TO SMALL 3. EDITED AND PUBLISHED THE
SPECIALIZED SHOPS PROCEEDINGS IN 1935 UNDER THE TITLE,
THE CITY'S FINANCIAL AND 'THE HUMAN SIDE OF PLANNIN”
ORGANIZATIONAL HUB, WITH LARGE 4. CONCEPTUALIZED ONE OF THE
[Link] BUILDINGS, EARLIEST THEORETICAL MODELS TO
GOVERNMENT CENTERS, HOTELS AND EXPLAIN URBAN SOCIAL STRUCTURES
CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS "THE CONCENTRIC RING MODEL"

06
 2. THE SECTOR GROWTH MODEL HOMER
HOYT (1895 -1984) - A LAND ECONOMIST,
REAL ESTATE APPRAISER AND A REAL
ESTATE CONSULTANT. HE ALSO
ESTABLISHED THE HOMER HOYT INSTITUTE’
SOME OF THE BOOKS HE WROTE:
PRINCIPLES OF REAL ESTATE CO-
AUTHORED WITH ARTHUR WEIMER, WENT
THROUGH SEVEN EDITIONS AND HE
PUBLISHED IN A VARIETY OF
WITH A BACKGROUND IN HUMAN
PROFESSIONAL AND ACADEMIC
ECOLOGY THEORIES, THE MODEL WAS THE
JOURNALS.
FIRST TO GIVE THE EXPLANATION OF
PROPOSED IN 1939 A MODIFICATION OF
DISTRIBUTION OF SOCIAL GROUPS WITHIN
THE ORIGINAL WORK OF BURGESS AND
URBAN AREAS IN CONCENTRIC RINGS.
DEVELOPED THE "SECTORAL MODEL"
AN URBAN VERSION OF VON THUNEN'S
REGIONAL LAND USE MODEL DEVELOPED
A CENTURY LATER, IT WAS BASED ON A
CASE STUDY IN CHICAGO IN 1920S.
OBSERVATIONS NOTED BY BURGESS:
A CORRELATION BETWEEN THE
DISTANCE FROM THE CBD AND THE
WEALTH OF THE INHABITED AREA (E.G.
WEALTHIER FAMILIES TENDED TO LIVE ACCEPTED THE EXISTENCE OF CBD,
MUCH FURTHER AWAY FROM THE HOWEVER SUGGESTED THAT ZONES
CBDS) EXPAND OUTWARD FROM THE CITY CENTER
AS THE CITY GREW, THE CBD WOULD ALONG TRANSPORT ARTERIES.
THEN EXPAND CAUSING SAME EFFECT THEORIZED THAT CITIES TEND TO GROW
LO THE OTHER RINGS IN WEDGE - SHAPED PATTERNS EMANATING
FROM THE CBD AND CENTERED ON MAJOR
CRITICISMS
TRANSPORT ROUTES
IT ASSUMES AN ISOTROPIC PLAIN - AN
IT ATTEMPTS TO STATE A BROAD
EVEN, UNCHANGING LANDSCAPE
PRINCIPLE OF URBAN ORGANIZATION. THE
PHYSICAL FEATURES - LAND MAY
MODEL EXPLAINS AN OUTWARD
RESTRICT GROWTH OF CERTAIN
PROGRESSION OF GROWTH.
SECTORS
OBSERVATIONS NOTED BY HOYT:
DECENTRALIZATION OF SHOPS,
COMMON FOR LOW-INCOME
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY, AND
HOUSEHOLDS TO BE NEAR RAILROADS
ENTERTAINMENT
WHILE COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENTS
URBAN REGENERATION AND
FOLLOW BUSINESS THOROUGHFARES
GENTRIFICATION - MORE EXPENSIVE
RECOGNITION OF VARIOUS
PROPERTY CAN BE FOUND IN 'LOW
TRANSPORT ROUTES INTO AN URBAN
CLASS' HOUSING AREAS '
AREA (E.G. RAILROADS, SEAPORTS AND
MANY NEW HOUSING ESTATES WERE
TRAMLINES) MEANT GREATER ACCESS
BUILT ON THE EDGES OF CITIES IN
HIGHER LEVEL OF ACCESS MEANT
BRITAIN
HIGHER LAND VALUES
IT DOES NOT ADDRESS LOCAL URBAN
A GENERAL RULE: HOYT FOR OLD CITIES;
POLITICS AND FORCES OF
BURGESS FOR RECENT ONES
GLOBALIZATION
THE MODEL DOES NOT FIT CRITICISMS
POLYCENTRIC CITIES, FOR EXAMPLE THE THEORY IS BASED ON EARLY 20TH
STOKE - ON TRENT CENTURY TRANSPORT; DOES NOT MAKE

07
 ALLOWANCE FOR PRIVATIZATION OF INTERACTION BASED ON 3
AUTOMOBILES. PHENOMENA: COMPLEMENTARITY,
NARROW FOCUS: HEIGHT OF BUILDING; INTERVENING OPPORTUNITIES, AND
MIXED LAND USE ZONES TRANSFERABILITY OF COMMODITIES.
PHYSICAL FEATURES - LAND MAY ULLMAN NOTED THAT WHILE A CITY MAY
RESTRICT GROWTH OF CERTAIN HAVE FORMED A CBD, SIMILAR
SECTORS INDUSTRIES MAY HAVE FORMED NEAR
THE GROWTH OF A SECTOR MAY BE IT, SPECIFICALLY THOSE WITH
LIMITED BY A LEAPFROG APPROACH COMMON LAND USE AND FINANCIAL
NOTES THAT WHILE A CITY MAY HAVE REQUIREMENTS.
FORMED A CBD, SIMILAR INDUSTRIES A GOOD EXAMPLE WOULD BE HOTELS
MAY HAVE FORMED NEAR 11, IN AIRPORT LOCATIONS.
SPECIFICALLY THOSE WITH COMMON THE NUMBER AND KINDS OF NUCLEI
LAND - USE AND FINANCIAL MARK A CITY'S GROWTH.
REQUIREMENTS. CRITICAL TO THIS MODEL IS THE
A GOOD EXAMPLE WOULD BE HOTELS OBSERVED INCREASE IN CAR
IN AIRPORT LOCATION. OWNERSHIP RESULTING TO GREATER
THE NUMBER AND KINDS OF NUCLEI MOVEMENT.
MARK A CITY'S GROWTH. SOME CONCERNS NOT ADDRESSED BY
CRITICAL TO THIS MODEL IS THE THE FORMER MODELS CAN BE SEEN
OBSERVED INCREASE IN CAR HERE: - SUBURBANIZATION AND
OWNERSHIP RESULTING TO GREATER DECENTRALIZATION;
MOVEMENT ACCOMMODATION OF
SOME CONCERNS NOT ADDRESSED BY IRREGULARITIES; TIME DIMENSION;
THE FORMER MODELS CAN BE SEEN FLEXIBILITY
HERE: - SUBURBANIZATION AND DISTINCTION OF THE CBD MAY NOT BE
DECENTRALIZATION; TOO CLEAR.
ACCOMMODATION OF
IRREGULARITIES; TIME DIMENSION; URBAN ECONOMIC STRUCTURE
FLEXIBILITY THEORIES
DISTINCTION OF THE CBD MAY NOT BE 1. CENTRAL PLACE THEORY BY WALTER
TOO CLEAR CHRISTALLER
3. THE MULTIPLE NUCLEI MODEL - WALTER CHRISTALLER
CHAUNCEY HARRIS (1914-2003) & A GERMAN ECONOMIST /
EDWARD ULLMAN (1912-1976) GEOGRAPHER THAT FORMULATED THE
CENTRAL PLACE THEORY IN 1933 IN HIS
CHAUNCEY HARRIS
PIONEERING WORK “CENTRAL PLACES
WAS A PIONEER OF MODEM
IN SOUTHERN GERMANY”
GEOGRAPHY. SOME OF HIS WORKS
HE CLAIMS THAT THERE IS AN OVERALL
ARE 'THE NATURE OF CITIES” AND
ORDERING THEORY THAT EXPLAINED
“FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF
THE DISTRIBUTION OF URBAN CENTERS,
CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES”
OR CENTRAL PLACES, AS WELL AS THEIR
PUBLISHED THE “ANNALS OF THE
SIZE AND NUMBER IN A GIVEN REGION.
AMERICAN ACADEMY OF POLITICAL
CENTRAL PLACE THEORY
AND SOCIAL SCIENCE”, DESCRIBED A
EXPLAINS THE SPATIAL ARRANGEMENTS,
MODEL THAT HAD PROPHETIC
PATTERNS AND DISTRIBUTION OF URBAN
RELEVANCE FOR AMERICAN CITIES IN
AREAS AND HUMAN SETTLEMENTS.
THE LATER 20TH CENTURY.
EXTENDS THE IDEA TO THE CASE
EDWARD ULLMAN WHERE THERE IS A HIERARCHY OF
AN AMERICAN GEOGRAPHER; CITIES AS WELL AS A DISTINCTION
PROPOSED THAT TRADE WAS AN BETWEEN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS.

08
 SETTLEMENTS SIMPLY FUNCTION AS ASSUMPTIONS
‘CENTRAL PLACES’ PROVIDING AN EVEN (FLAT) TERRAIN
SERVICES TO SURROUNDING AREAS EVENLY DISTRIBUTED POPULATION
URBAN HIERARCHY IS BASED ON THE EVENLY DISTRIBUTED RESOURCES
FUNCTIONS AVAILABLE IN A CITY. SIMILAR PURCHASING POWER
CITY PREFERENCE FOR THE NEAREST
TOWN MARKET
MARKET TOWN EQUAL TRANSPORTATION COST
VILLAGE/HAMLET (PROPORTIONAL TO DISTANCE)
BOUNDARY PERFECT COMPETITION
HIGHER-ORDER PLACES ARE MORE
WIDELY DISTRIBUTED AND FEWER IN
NUMBER THAN LOWER-ORDER PLACES
LOWER-ORDER CENTRAL PLACES HAVE
SMALL MARKET AREAS AND PROVIDE
GOODS AND SERVICES THAT ARE
PURCHASED MORE FREQUENTLY THAN
HIGHER-ORDER GOODS AND SERVICES THREE PRINCIPLES IN THE ARRANGEMENT
HEXAGONS OF LOWER ORDERS ARE
CONCEPTUAL ELEMENTS
NESTED WITHIN HEXAGONS OF HIGHER
RANKING/ORDER OF CENTRAL PLACES
ORDERS WHICH IS KNOWN AS THE NESTED
HIGHER ORDER - LARGER NUMBER OF
PATTERN OF HIERARCHY.
CENTRAL FUNCTIONS; BIGGER MARKET
CHRISTALLER IDENTIFIED FIXED
AREA
RELATION BETWEEN 2 CONNECTING LEVELS
LOWER ORDER - LESSER NUMBER OF
OF HIERARCHY (TOWNS AND CITIES) THAT
CENTRAL FUNCTIONS; SMALLER MARKET
IS THE K VALUE.
AREA.
K INDICATES THE NUMBER OF
RANKING/ORDER OF GOODS AND COMPLEMENTARY AREA OF LOWER ORDER
SERVICES CENTER SERVED BY THE NEXT HIGHER
LOW ORDER - THOSE EVERYDAY USE ORDER CENTER INCLUDING ITSELF.
(CONVENIENCE STORES, SARI-SARI
STORES)
MEDIUM ORDER - THOSE NEEDED
FREQUENTLY BUT NOT EVERY DAY
(DRUGSTORES, BANKS, BARBER SHOPS)
HIGH ORDER - THOSE NEEDED
OCCASIONALLY (FURNITURE SHOPS,
LEGAL OR MEDICAL SERVICES)
CRITICISMS
TWO BASIC CONCEPTS AN ISOTROPIC SURFACE IS RARELY
1. THRESHOLD - MINIMUM NUMBER OF FOUND IN REAL WORLD
PEOPLE REQUIRED TO SUPPORT ANY BEHAVIOR OF CONSUMER & SELLER
GOOD OR SERVICE OUTLET ARE NOT ALWAYS RATIONAL
ESTABLISHED AT CENTRAL PLACE HUMANS ARE NOT ALWAYS AN
2. RANGE - MAXIMUM DISTANCE THAT A OPTIMIZER RATHER A SATISFIER
CONSUMER IS WILLING TO TRAVEL TO THE HEXAGONAL PATTERN OF THE
OBTAIN CERTAIN GOODS OR SERVICES CENTRAL PLACE IS RARELY FOUND
IF THE GOOD IS TO BE PRODUCED AND THE THEORY IS SUITABLE PRIMARILY
IS TO CONTINUE IN PRODUCTION FOR AGRICULTURAL REGIONS
RANGE > THRESHOLD BECAUSE MODERN FACTORS SUCH AS

09
 COMMUNICATION, TRANSPORT, ETC. SERIOUS-MINDED, PRUSSIAN LANDOWNER
HAVE REDUCED THE DISTANCE WHO WAS ACTIVELY ENGAGED IN
BETWEEN BUYER & SELLER MANAGING HIS ESTATES AND ECONOMICS.
THE FIXED VALUE OF K GIVES A POOR HE IS BEST KNOWN FOR HIS THEORY ON
APPROXIMATION OF REALITY AND ALL LOCATION IN HIS BOOK DER ISOLIERTE
TAKE STAAT OR THE ISOLATED STATE (1826). HE
PLACE TOGETHER IN REAL-WORLD IN DIED ON SEPTEMBER 22, 1850, IN TELLOW,
URBAN AREAS MECKLENBURG
STRENGTHS
CLEAR AND SYSTEMATIC EXPLANATION LOCATION THEORY
OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF CITIES AND VON THÜNEN’S THEORY OF LOCATION
TOWNS IN A REGION. IS BASED ON PROFITABLE OR COMMERCIAL
EXPLAIN THE ECONOMIC AGRICULTURE, WHICH MEANS THAT
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DIFFERENT FARMERS ARE SOLELY FOCUSED ON
SIZED SETTLEMENTS. MAKING A PROFIT.
HELPS URBAN PLANNERS AND ANOTHER IMPORTANT ASPECT OF VON
POLICYMAKERS TO UNDERSTAND THE THÜNEN’S THEORY IS THAT IT IS ONE OF THE
SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF URBAN FIRST TO TREAT SPATIAL ECONOMICS
AREAS SERIOUSLY. AN IMPORTANT NOTE TO BE
FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYZING AND MADE IN VON THÜNEN’S LOCATION THEORY
PREDICTING THE BEHAVIOR OF MODEL IS THAT HE ENVISAGED IT BEFORE
CONSUMERS AND PRODUCERS IN THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION, WHICH
DIFFERENT SETTLEMENTS OCCURRED IN 1760.
HAS BEEN FOUND TO BE APPLICABLE IN HE WAS MOSTLY INVESTIGATIVE ON
MANY DIFFERENT REGIONS AND WHY FARMERS PRODUCE CERTAIN CROPS
COUNTRIES AROUND THE WORLD IN CERTAIN AREAS. HIS MODEL EXPLAINS
WEAKNESSES THAT IT IS BECAUSE OF THE COST OF LAND
ASSUMES A UNIFORM AND ISOTROPIC AND TRANSPORTATION OF THE MARKET
PLAIN, WHICH DOES NOT EXIST IN THAT PRODUCTS ARE PRODUCED IN
REALITY PARTICULAR LOCATIONS RELATIVE TO THAT
IGNORES THE IMPACT OF POLITICAL PRODUCT’S PERISHABILITY, LABOR, AND
AND HISTORICAL FACTORS ON THE COST TO TRANSPORT.
SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF URBAN
AREAS ASSUMPTIONS
DOES NOT CONSIDER THE IMPACT OF 1. THE CITY IS LOCATED CENTRALLY
CULTURAL OR SOCIAL FACTORS ON WITHIN AN "ISOLATED STATE"
THE LOCATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF 2. THE ISOLATED STATE IS SURROUNDED
URBAN SETTLEMENTS. BY WILDERNESS.
ASSUMES THAT CONSUMERS WILL 3. THE LAND IS COMPLETELY FLAT AND
ALWAYS CHOOSE THE CLOSEST AND HAS NO RIVERS OR MOUNTAINS.
MOST CONVENIENT PLACE TO OBTAIN 4. SOIL QUALITY AND CLIMATE ARE
GOODS AND SERVICES CONSISTENT
DOES NOT ACCOUNT FOR THE IMPACT 5. FARMERS IN THE ISOLATED STATE
OF TECHNOLOGY ON THE SPATIAL TRANSPORT THEIR OWN GOODS TO
DISTRIBUTION OF SETTLEMENTS MARKET VIA OXCART, ACROSS LAND,
2. LOCATION THEORY - JOHANN DIRECTLY TO THE CENTRAL CITY . THERE
HEINRICH VON THÜNEN ARE NO ROADS
6. FARMERS BEHAVE RATIONALLY TO
JOHANN HEINRICH VON THÜNEN WAS
MAXIMIZE PROFITS. (ECONOMIC MAN)
BORN ON JUNE 24, 1783, IN THE KINGDOM
OF PRUSSIA WAS A PRACTICAL,

10
 ECONOMIC RENT - A FORMULA THAT
SHOWS THE ADVANTAGE OF A PIECE OF
LAND OVER ANOTHER

LR = Y(M-C)-YTD
WHERE,
LR = LOCATION RENT PER UNITY OF LAND
Y = YIELD PER UNIT OF LAND
M = MARKET PRICE PER UNIT OF LAND
C = PRODUCTION COST PER UNIT OF
PRODUCT
T = TRANSPORT RATE PER UNIT OF
DISTANCE
SIMPLIFIED VERSION D = DISTANCE TO MARKET
FIRST RING (DAIRY FARMING)
FRUIT, VEGETABLES, MILK, AND OTHER 3 DISTINCT ASPECTS OF VON THUNEN'S
DAIRY PRODUCTS MODEL
PERISHABLE PRODUCTS LAND VALUES - THIS ASPECT OF VON
QUICKLY TRANSPORTED BEFORE THUNEN’S MODEL SHOWS THAT PRICES
PRODUCTS GO UP WHEN A PARTICULAR PIECE OF
SPOIL LAND IS NEARER OR HAS BETTER
SECOND RING (FORESTS) ACCESS TO THE MARKET. VALUES OF
TIMBER AND FIREWOOD LAND COULD GET SO HIGH THAT ONLY
VERY HEAVY AND DIFFICULT TO FARMERS WHO CAN PRODUCE THE
TRANSPORT GREATEST YIELD COULD AFFORD THE
THIRD RING (GRAINS AND FIELD CROPS) LAND.
CROPS (GRAINS) LAND USE INTENSITY - FARMERS ON
TAKES A LONG TIME TO SPOIL AND CAN FARMLAND NEARER OR ADJACENT TO
TAKE LONGER TO REACH THE CITY THE CENTRAL MARKET SHOULD USE THE
FOURTH RING (RANCHING AND LAND MUCH MORE INTENSELY TO BE
LIVESTOCK) ABLE TO PRODUCE HIGH REVENUES TO
LIVESTOCK, MEAT AFFORD BEING SITUATED THERE. THIS
VON THÜNEN DEVELOPED A RESULTS IN HIGHER PERSON-HOUR FOR
MATHEMATICAL WAY TO SEE THE BASICS CENTRAL FARMS, THEREBY REQUIRING
OF THE THEORY OF MARGINAL LARGER HIRED-LABOR FORCES.
PRODUCTIVITY. HE SUMMARIZED IT IN A TRANSPORTATION COSTS - THE
FORMULA WHICH FURTHER AWAY A PRODUCT IS FROM
THE MARKET, THE HIGHER THE
R = Y(P-C)-YFM TRANSPORTATION COST. HOWEVER,
THE COST OF LAND IS THEN
WHERE,
DECREASED SINCE IT IS MORE
R = LAND RENT
PERIPHERAL COMPARED TO IF THE LAND
Y = YIELD PER UNIT OF LAND
IS CLOSER TO THE URBAN CENTER
P = MARKET PRICE PER UNIT OF
COMMODITY THE LOCATION OF CROPS, ACCORDING TO
C = PRODUCTION EXPENSES PER UNIT OF HIM, IS DETERMINED BY:
COMMODITY (I) THE MARKET PRICES,
F = FREIGHT RATE (PER AGRICULTURAL (II) TRANSPORT COSTS, AND
UNITY; PER MILE) (III) THE YIELD PER HECTARE
M = DISTANCE TO MARKET

11
 THE TRANSPORT COST VARIES WITH THE ZONE V: THREE-FIELD SYSTEM, ONE-THIRD
BULK AND THE PERISHABILITY OF THE OF THE LAND WAS USED FOR FIELD CROPS
PRODUCT. THE CROP WITH THE (RYE), ANOTHER ONE-THIRD FOR THE
HIGHEST LOCATIONAL RENT FOR THE PASTURE, AND THE REST LEFT FALLOW.
UNIT OF LAND WILL ALWAYS BE GROWN, ZONE VI: LIVESTOCK FARMING
SINCE, IT GIVES THE GREATEST
RETURNS AND ALL FARMERS ATTEMPT
TO MAXIMIZE THEIR PROFIT. TWO
CROPS MAY HAVE THE SAME
PRODUCTION COSTS AND YIELDS BUT
DIFFERENCES IN TRANSPORT COSTS
(PER TON/KILOMETRE) AND MARKET
PRICES INFLUENCE THE DECISION
MAKING OF THE FARMERS. IF
COMMODITY A IS MORE COSTLY TO
TRANSPORT PER TON/KILOMETRE AND IT
HAS A HIGHER MARKET PRICE, A WILL BE
GROWN CLOSER TO THE MARKET THA B STRENGTH
INFLUENCE ON AGRICULTURAL,
THE BID RENT MODEL ECONOMIC, AND URBAN GEOGRAPHY
DIAGRAM SHOWS THE COMPARISON ECONOMIC HARDSHIPS IMPRINT
BETWEEN VON THÜNEN'S LAND USE MODEL PATTERNS ON THE LANDSCAPE
AND THE BID RENT CURVE THEORY OF WEAKNESS
WILLIAM ALONSO. THE DIAGRAM SHOWS THE MODEL WAS ABSTRACT
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LAND RENT ABSENCE OF RIVERS, HILLSIDES,
AND DISTANCE FROM THE MARKET, AND MOUNTAINS, CLIMATE, AND SOIL
THE VALUES ACCORDING TO DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATIONS
LAND USE. OUTDATED
THE MODEL WAS OBSOLETE
LABOR OR TRANSPORTATION WERE
OLD-FASHIONED
NO MENTION OF CARS, ROADS,
RAILROADS, AND SUCH
LACK OF SOCIAL COMPONENTS
RECREATION RATHER THAN
PRODUCTION
EXCLUSION OF CERTAIN FARM
PRODUCTS FOR CULTURAL REASONS
GOVERNMENT OR PRIVATE OWNERSHIP
FINAL MODEL OF PRODUCTIVE LAND FOR NON-
ZONE I: PERISHABILITY PRODUCTS SUCH AS AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES
FRESH MILK AND VEGETABLES SECURITY ISSUES SUCH AS AREAS
ZONE II: BULKY PRODUCT SUCH AS WOOD CONTROLLED BY REBEL GROUPS
ZONE III: CROP FARMING MAINLY RYE GOVERNMENT PRICE CONTROLS
ZONE IV: USED OF SEVEN-YEAR CROP
ROTATION WHERE RYE OCCUPIED ONLY INFERENCE OF VON THUNEN’S MODEL
ONESEVENTH OF THE LAND. CROPS SUCH TO CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES
AS RYE, BARLEY, OATS, PASTURES, AND FIGURE A REPRESENTS WHAT THE
FALLOW. PRODUCTS LIKE RYE, BUTTER, AGRICULTURAL LAND USE WOULD BE IF
CHEESE, AND OCCASIONALLY, LIVE THE MOST BASIC ASSUMPTIONS WERE
ANIMALS APPLIED, NAMELY THE MARKET

12
 LOCATED IN NEW YORK (OR
BOSTWASH), CROPS BEING RANKED BY
COMPARATIVE RENT-PAYING ABILITIES,
AND CONSIDERING UBIQUITOUS
GEOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS.
ALTHOUGH THIS REPRESENTATION HAS
SOME LEVEL OF CONCORDANCE WITH
REALITY, IT INACCURATELY PORTRAYS
AGRICULTURAL LAND USE IN THE UNITED
STATES.
FIGURE B INCLUDES ONE
SUPPLEMENTARY ASSUMPTION THAT
CONSIDERS CLIMATE VARIATIONS,
WHERE THE NORTH IS COLDER THAN
THE SOUTH. THIS CONSTRAINT HAS A
SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON
AGRICULTURAL LAND USE AS EVEN IF
FOR A LOCATION A CROP WOULD
HAVE A HIGHER RENT-PAYING ABILITY,
ANOTHER CROP WOULD BE GROWN
BECAUSE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
FORBID IT. THE RESULTING
AGRICULTURAL LAND USE HAS A MUCH
HIGHER LEVEL OF CORRESPONDENCE
WITH REALITY

NEW YORK & PHILADELPHIA

THE REMNANTS OF THE INTENSIVE
FARMING AND DAIRY INDUSTRY
RELATED TO VON THÜNEN RINGS NEAR
NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA ARE STILL
VISIBLE THROUGH TRAVERSING
ACROSS NEW JERSEY. SOME OF THE
BASIC PATTERNS AND PROCESSES
EXIST UP UNTIL TODAY AND CAN BE
OUTLINED IN THE LANDSCAPE. VON
THÜNEN GAVE RYE FARMING AS AN
EXAMPLE, BY CALCULATING THE
MAXIMUM POSSIBLE DISTANCE THAT
RYE COULD BE CULTIVATED FROM THE
CITY CENTER AND STILL BE COST-
EFFECTIVE FOR THE FARMER.

13
ARCH 423 : specs 1
considerations for
construction planning
best construction
company in the philippines
REFERENCES:
9. Construction planning. (n.d.). In Construction planning.
[Link]
Hunt, P. (2024, October 10). 5 key considerations when planning a construction project. Empire Building
Construction. [Link]
Trecek, D. (2024, February 15). From vision to reality: Construction planning best practices for 2024.
Buildertrend. [Link]
Bulos, J. P. (n.d.). Top 10 Best construction Companies in the Philippines – The Philippine Infrastructure and
Constructions Club. [Link]

DATE GIVEN: february 6, 2025

DATE DUE: FEBRUARY 10, 2025

AR. BLESIE JOY M. LAGUNA, UAP

syan michael s. ulnagan
01
INTRODUCTION:
CONSIDERATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION PLANNING

WHAT IS CONSTRUCTION PLANNING? REQUIRE INPUT FROM MANY

IS A FUNDAMENTAL AND CHALLENGING DIFFERENT ROLES THROUGHOUT A
ACTIVITY IN THE MANAGEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, A
EXECUTION OF CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGER
PROJECTS. IT INVOLVES THE CHOICE OF IS TYPICALLY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE
TECHNOLOGY, THE DEFINITION OF WORK PLAN MANAGEMENT FROM BEGINNING
TASKS, THE ESTIMATION OF THE TO END.
REQUIRED RESOURCES AND DURATIONS 5 KEY CONSIDERATIONS FOR
FOR INDIVIDUAL TASKS, AND THE CONSTRUCTION PLANNING
IDENTIFICATION OF ANY INTERACTIONS
1. DEFINING YOUR PROJECT GOALS AND
AMONG THE DIFFERENT WORK TASKS. A
OBJECTIVES
GOOD CONSTRUCTION PLAN IS THE
THE FIRST STEP IN ANY COMMERCIAL
BASIS FOR DEVELOPING THE BUDGET
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT IS TO CLEARLY
AND THE SCHEDULE FOR WORK.
DEFINE YOUR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES.
DEVELOPING THE CONSTRUCTION PLAN
WHAT DO YOU HOPE TO ACHIEVE WITH
IS A CRITICAL TASK IN THE MANAGEMENT
THIS PROJECT? ARE YOU LOOKING TO
OF CONSTRUCTION, EVEN IF THE PLAN IS
CREATE A SPACE THAT ENHANCES
NOT WRITTEN OR OTHERWISE FORMALLY
PRODUCTIVITY, ATTRACTS CUSTOMERS,
RECORDED.
OR SUPPORTS FUTURE GROWTH? HAVING
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT PLANNING IS
A CLEAR VISION OF WHAT YOU WANT TO
THE PROCESS OF OUTLINING A PROJECT
ACCOMPLISH WILL GUIDE ALL
THROUGHOUT ITS ENTIRE LIFECYCLE.
SUBSEQUENT PLANNING AND DECISION-
THIS INCLUDES KEY PHASES OF PROJECT
MAKING PROCESSES.
IDEATION, PLANNING, EXECUTION AND
PURPOSE AND FUNCTIONALITY:
CLOSEOUT.
DETERMINE THE PRIMARY USE OF THE
THE PROCESS INCLUDES PLANNING,
BUILDING AND THE SPECIFIC NEEDS IT
COORDINATION, BUDGETING AND
MUST MEET. FOR EXAMPLE, A
OVERALL MONITORING THROUGH TO
CORPORATE OFFICE WILL HAVE
COMPLETION. ALTHOUGH A
DIFFERENT REQUIREMENTS THAN A
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT PLAN CAN
MANUFACTURING PLANT.

02
 SIZE AND LAYOUT: DEFINE THE SIZE YOU DETERMINE THE FEASIBILITY OF
AND LAYOUT OF THE BUILDING BASED YOUR PROJECT AND SECURE THE
ON YOUR BUSINESS NEEDS. NECESSARY FUNDS.
CONSIDER THE NUMBER OF COST CONTROL: IMPLEMENT COST
EMPLOYEES, THE TYPE OF CONTROL MEASURES THROUGHOUT
WORKSPACES REQUIRED, AND ANY THE PROJECT TO STAY WITHIN BUDGET.
SPECIAL FEATURES OR AMENITIES. REGULARLY REVIEW EXPENSES AND
AESTHETIC AND BRANDING: MAKE ADJUSTMENTS AS NEEDED TO
CONSIDER HOW THE BUILDING’S AVOID COST OVERRUNS.
DESIGN WILL REFLECT YOUR BRAND
IDENTITY AND VALUES. THE
APPEARANCE OF YOUR COMMERCIAL
SPACE CAN SIGNIFICANTLY IMPACT
CLIENT PERCEPTIONS AND EMPLOYEE
SATISFACTION.

3. SELECTING THE RIGHT LOCATION

THE LOCATION OF YOUR
COMMERCIAL BUILDING PLAYS A CRUCIAL
ROLE IN ITS SUCCESS. A STRATEGIC
LOCATION CAN ENHANCE ACCESSIBILITY,
VISIBILITY, AND CONVENIENCE FOR BOTH
2. BUDGETING AND FINANCING EMPLOYEES AND CUSTOMERS. WHEN
ESTABLISHING A REALISTIC BUDGET SELECTING A SITE, CONSIDER FACTORS
IS ONE OF THE MOST CRITICAL ASPECTS SUCH AS PROXIMITY TO MAJOR
OF PLANNING A COMMERCIAL TRANSPORTATION ROUTES, AVAILABILITY
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT. YOUR BUDGET OF UTILITIES, AND ZONING REGULATIONS.
WILL INFLUENCE MANY ASPECTS OF THE ACCESSIBILITY: ENSURE THE
PROJECT, INCLUDING DESIGN CHOICES, LOCATION IS EASILY ACCESSIBLE FOR
MATERIALS, AND THE SCOPE OF WORK. EMPLOYEES, CLIENTS, AND SUPPLIERS.
IT’S ESSENTIAL TO DEVELOP A DETAILED CONSIDER THE AVAILABILITY OF
BUDGET THAT ACCOUNTS FOR ALL PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION, PARKING
POTENTIAL COSTS AND INCLUDES A FACILITIES, AND NEARBY AMENITIES.
CONTINGENCY FOR UNEXPECTED ZONING AND REGULATIONS: VERIFY
EXPENSES. THAT THE LOCATION COMPLIES WITH
COST ESTIMATION: WORK WITH LOCAL ZONING LAWS AND
EXPERIENCED CONTRACTORS AND REGULATIONS. THIS INCLUDES
ARCHITECTS TO DEVELOP A UNDERSTANDING ANY RESTRICTIONS
COMPREHENSIVE COST ESTIMATE ON BUILDING HEIGHT, USAGE, AND
THAT INCLUDES DESIGN FEES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT.
CONSTRUCTION COSTS, PERMITS, AND SITE CONDITIONS: ASSESS THE
OTHER RELATED EXPENSES. CONDITION OF THE SITE, INCLUDING
FINANCING OPTIONS: EXPLORE SOIL STABILITY, DRAINAGE, AND
DIFFERENT FINANCING OPTIONS TO POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS.
FUND YOUR PROJECT. THIS COULD CONDUCTING A THOROUGH SITE
INCLUDE LOANS, GRANTS, OR ASSESSMENT CAN HELP IDENTIFY ANY
INVESTOR FUNDING. UNDERSTANDING CHALLENGES OR ADDITIONAL COSTS
YOUR FINANCING OPTIONS WILL HELP ASSOCIATED WITH THE LOCATION.

03
4. CHOOSING THE RIGHT 5. PLANNING FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND
CONSTRUCTION TEAM FUTURE GROWTH
ASSEMBLING A SKILLED AND INCORPORATING SUSTAINABILITY
EXPERIENCED CONSTRUCTION TEAM IS INTO YOUR COMMERCIAL CONSTRUCTION
VITAL TO THE SUCCESS OF YOUR PROJECT IS NOT ONLY BENEFICIAL FOR
PROJECT. YOUR TEAM WILL TYPICALLY THE ENVIRONMENT BUT ALSO FOR YOUR
INCLUDE ARCHITECTS, ENGINEERS, BUSINESS. SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS CAN
CONTRACTORS, AND PROJECT MANAGERS LEAD TO LOWER OPERATING COSTS,
WHO WILL WORK TOGETHER TO BRING IMPROVED ENERGY EFFICIENCY, AND A
YOUR VISION TO LIFE. CHOOSING THE HEALTHIER WORK ENVIRONMENT.
RIGHT TEAM CAN ENSURE THAT YOUR ADDITIONALLY, PLANNING FOR FUTURE
PROJECT IS COMPLETED ON TIME, WITHIN GROWTH ENSURES THAT YOUR BUILDING
BUDGET, AND TO THE HIGHEST CAN ADAPT TO CHANGING BUSINESS
STANDARDS OF QUALITY. NEEDS AND MARKET CONDITIONS.
EXPERIENCE AND EXPERTISE: LOOK SUSTAINABLE DESIGN: IMPLEMENT
FOR PROFESSIONALS WITH A PROVEN SUSTAINABLE BUILDING PRACTICES,
TRACK RECORD IN COMMERCIAL SUCH AS USING ENERGY-EFFICIENT
CONSTRUCTION. CHECK THEIR MATERIALS, INSTALLING RENEWABLE
CREDENTIALS, PAST PROJECTS, AND ENERGY SYSTEMS, AND
CLIENT TESTIMONIALS TO ASSESS INCORPORATING NATURAL LIGHTING
THEIR CAPABILITIES. AND VENTILATION. YOU MIGHT ALSO
COMMUNICATION AND CONSIDER PURSUING LEED
COLLABORATION: EFFECTIVE CERTIFICATION OR OTHER GREEN
COMMUNICATION AND BUILDING STANDARDS.
COLLABORATION AMONG TEAM SCALABILITY AND FLEXIBILITY:
MEMBERS ARE ESSENTIAL FOR DESIGN YOUR BUILDING WITH FUTURE
SMOOTH PROJECT EXECUTION. GROWTH IN MIND. THIS COULD
CHOOSE A TEAM THAT INVOLVE CREATING FLEXIBLE
DEMONSTRATES STRONG WORKSPACES THAT CAN BE EASILY
COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND A RECONFIGURED OR INCORPORATING
COLLABORATIVE APPROACH. INFRASTRUCTURE THAT SUPPORTS
CONTRACT AND AGREEMENTS: TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS.
CLEARLY DEFINE THE ROLES, LIFECYCLE COSTS: CONSIDER THE
RESPONSIBILITIES, AND EXPECTATIONS LONG-TERM COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH
OF EACH TEAM MEMBER THROUGH OPERATING AND MAINTAINING THE
DETAILED CONTRACTS AND BUILDING. INVESTING IN HIGH-QUALITY
AGREEMENTS. THIS HELPS AVOID MATERIALS AND SYSTEMS CAN LEAD
MISUNDERSTANDINGS AND ENSURES TO SIGNIFICANT SAVINGS OVER THE
ACCOUNTABILITY THROUGHOUT THE BUILDING’S LIFECYCLE.
PROJECT.

04
 SECURING LABOR, MATERIALS AND
SUPPLIES

3. PROJECT EXECUTION
ONCE THE PLAN HAS BEEN FINALIZED,
THE PHYSICAL CONSTRUCTION PHASE
OF A PROJECT CAN BEGIN. THIS
INVOLVES SITE PREPARATION, FRAMING
AND BUILDING, PLUMBING AND
ELECTRICAL, LANDSCAPING AND
MORE.
THE 5 STEPS OF CONSTRUCTION THE EXECUTION STEP RELIES ON THE
PLANNING DETAILS OF THE PROJECT PLAN TO
DETERMINE WORKFLOWS,
1. PROJECT INITIATION SUBCONTRACTOR SCHEDULES,
PROJECT INITIATION BEGINS AFTER A EQUIPMENT RENTALS AND THE TIMELINE
HOMEBUYER HAS CONTRACTUALLY OF BRINGING LABOR AND RESOURCES
AGREED TO REQUEST PROJECT TO A JOB SITE. SUCCESS AT THIS STEP
SERVICES FROM A CONSTRUCTION IS DETERMINANT ON HOW WELL YOU
COMPANY. FROM THERE, A PROJECT PLANNED AHEAD.
MANAGER WORKS TO FIGURE OUT THE
DETAILS THAT WILL IMPACT THE PROJECT 4. PROJECT PROGRESS MONITORING
SCOPE. ALTHOUGH PROJECT PROGRESS
SOME EXAMPLES MAY INCLUDE MONITORING IS THE FOURTH STEP IN
CONVERSATIONS WITH THE HOMEBUYER CONSTRUCTION PLANNING, IT REALLY
TO IDENTIFY MUST-HAVE DESIGN OR HAPPENS AT THE SAME TIME AS
FLOORPLAN REQUESTS, AND INITIAL PROJECT EXECUTION.
BUDGETS AS WELL AS PROJECT IN THIS STEP, THE MANAGEMENT TEAM
INITIATION DOCUMENTS. DURING THIS KEEPS A CLOSE EYE ON THE REAL-TIME
STEP, THE PROJECT MANAGER MAY STATUS OF A PROJECT, IDENTIFYING
ALSO BRING IN OTHER TEAM MEMBERS, AND RESOLVING ROADBLOCKS. IN
LIKE AN ARCHITECT AND CONTRACTOR, SOME CASES, PROJECT SCHEDULES
TO HELP SOLIDIFY PROJECT NEED TO SHIFT BASED ON SUPPLY
DELIVERABLES. CHAIN DELAYS OR WEATHER
CONDITIONS. BUDGETS MAY NEED TO
2. PROJECT PLANNING
BE ADJUSTED TOO, BASED ON
USING THE FINDINGS OF PROJECT
CHANGE ORDER REQUESTS.
INITIATION, THE MANAGEMENT TEAM THEN
YOUR KEY TO SUCCESS IS TO STAY IN
GETS TO WORK ON THE DETAILS OF
CONSTANT COMMUNICATION WITH
MAPPING OUT THE PLAN. THIS STEP
EVERYONE INVOLVED IN THE
INVOLVES EVERYTHING REMAINING IN THE
CONSTRUCTION PROCESS, INCLUDING
PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE, INCLUDING:
GENERAL CONTRACTORS AND
DELIVERING AN ACCURATE ESTIMATE
HOMEBUYERS, TO MINIMIZE OVERRUNS
THAT BOTH WINS YOU THE JOB AND
AND DELAYS.
ENSURES THE PROJECT IS PROFITABLE
SIGNING OFF ON THE CONSTRUCTION 5: PROJECT CLOSING AND EVALUATION
BUDGET DURING PROJECT CLOSING AND
DETERMINING THE CONSTRUCTION EVALUATION, A PROJECT MANAGER
SCHEDULE REVIEWS THE CONSTRUCTION PLAN TO
COORDINATING CONSTRUCTION ENSURE EVERYTHING HAS BEEN
ACTIVITIES AND CONTRACTS WITH SUBS COMPLETED BASED ON THE
SECURING PERMITS OR ENTITLEMENTS AGREEMENTS OF THE CONTRACT.

05
 WHILE THIS MAY SEEM LIKE A SIMPLE SHIFTS OR CHANGE ORDERS NEEDED
REVIEW PROCESS, IT REQUIRES DEEP TO KEEP A PROJECT GOING. FACTOR IN
OVERSIGHT FROM THE PROJECT SUPPLY CHAIN TRENDS, RATES OF
MANAGER BEFORE A HOME CAN EMPLOYEE TURNOVER, ESPECIALLY WITH
TRANSFER OWNERSHIP TO THE CLIENT. CONSTRUCTION CREW MEMBERS AND
FINISHING THE PHYSICAL CLOSEOUT THE TIMELINES OF OTHER PROJECTS TO
PROCESS OF A BUILD INCLUDES CLIENT GET A REALISTIC IDEA OF WHAT’S
WALKTHROUGHS, ADJUSTMENTS AND DOABLE BY YOUR CONSTRUCTION
INSPECTIONS. IT ALSO INVOLVES THE TEAM.
CONTRACTUAL AND FINANCIAL
2. OPEN CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATION
CLOSEOUT PROCESS OF A BUILD.
THROUGHOUT A BUILD, IT’S CRITICAL TO
PROJECT MANAGERS MUST PAY SUBS,
KEEP PRIMARY STAKEHOLDERS IN THE
CLOSE PROJECT ACCOUNTS WITH
LOOP.
SUPPLIERS, FINALIZE THE BUDGET AND
ENSURE YOU HAVE A STRONG
COLLECT FINAL PAYMENTS FROM THE
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM IN PLACE. A
CLIENT.
CUSTOMER PORTAL IS A GREAT WAY TO
WHAT IS NEEDED FOR A KEEP CUSTOMERS INVOLVED IN THE
CONSTRUCTION PLAN? BUILDING PROCESS WHILE ENSURING
A SIGNED CONTRACT BY THE QUICK RESPONSES TO DECISIONS THAT
CUSTOMER AND THE COMPANY NEED TO BE MADE OR CHANGE ORDERS
A SCOPE OF WORK DETAILING THE THAT NEED TO BE SIGNED. A DEFINED
DESIGN, FLOORPLAN, LANDSCAPING INTERNAL COMMUNICATION PROCESS
AND OTHER AGREEMENTS ENSURES YOUR CONTRACTORS AND
AN ESTIMATED CLIENT BUDGET TO SUBCONTRACTORS STAY ON TOP OF
INFORM YOUR CONSTRUCTION BUDGET NOTIFICATIONS AND UPDATES USING
A COMMUNICATION PLAN BETWEEN TASK TRACKING AND REPORTING.
PLANNERS, SUBS, CONTRACTORS AND 3. KEEP DAILY LOGS
HOMEBUYERS DAILY LOGS ARE IMPORTANT BOTH IN
A WORKING DEADLINE EXECUTING AND MONITORING THE
WHO NEEDS TO BE INVOLVED IN THE PROGRESS OF A CONSTRUCTION PLAN.
CONSTRUCTION PLANNING DAILY LOGS ACT LIKE JOURNAL ENTRIES,
WHERE THE CONSTRUCTION
PROCESS? MANAGEMENT TEAM CAN KEEP THOSE
CLIENTS/HOMEBUYERS AT THE JOB SITE UPDATED ON WHAT
ARCHITECTS NEEDS TO HAPPEN THAT DAY, WEATHER
ENGINEERS CONDITIONS AND CHANGES IN
DESIGNERS SPECIFIC TASKS. THIS KIND OF FEATURE
CONTRACTORS IS ALSO HELPFUL FOR PROJECT
PROJECT MANAGERS MANAGERS TO STAY IN THE KNOW ON
COST ESTIMATORS THE PROGRESS OF A HOMEOWNER’S
CONSTRUCTION PLANNING BEST ACCOUNT, ESPECIALLY WHEN THEY
MIGHT BE OVERSEEING MORE THAN
PRACTICES
ONE BUILD AT A TIME.
1. SET REALISTIC TIMEFRAMES ADDITIONALLY, DAILY LOGS PROVIDE A
THE POTENTIAL FOR OVERRUNS AND DETAILED REPORT OF WHAT WORK HAS
DELAYS INCREASES IF A PROJECT BEEN COMPLETED. THIS CAN HELP KEEP
TIMELINE IS UNREALISTIC. IT’S A PROJECT MANAGER UP-TO-SPEED ON
IMPORTANT TO FACTOR IN POTENTIAL WORK THAT’S IN PROGRESS, WITHOUT
ISSUES THAT MAY COME UP TO REQUIRING THEM TO BE AT A
MINIMIZE THE AMOUNT OF TIMELINE CONSTRUCTION.

06
4. BE ABLE TO ADJUST WHEN NEEDED NUMBER OF BUILDING CONTRACTOR
EVEN WITH THE BEST EFFORTS, BUILDS LICENSES IN THE COUNTRY. JUST BEFORE
RARELY GO EXACTLY TO PLAN. THERE THE GLOBAL PANDEMIC IMPACT THE
ARE TOO MANY OUTSIDE VARIABLES CONSTRUCTION SECTOR IN THE
TO ACCURATELY PREDICT A BUILD PHILIPPINES, ABOUT 1,000 PERMITS WERE
FROM DAY ONE OF PROJECT ISSUES FOR SPECIALTY CONTRACTORS,
INITIATION. NEARLY 2,000 FOR TRADE CONTRACTORS,
BY CONSTANTLY MONITORING 3,000 FOR GENERAL BUILDING, AND
PROJECT OBJECTIVES, YOU CAN ALMOST 5,000 PERMITS FOR GENERAL
BETTER IDENTIFY AREAS OF RISK AND ENGINEERING CONTRACTORS. SINCE 2016,
AVOID REWORK. STILL, THERE WILL BE THE NUMBER OF BUILDING PERMITS HAS
TIMES WHEN A BIGGER DIRECTION ALSO RAMPED UP. THERE WERE ABOUT
CHANGE IS NEEDED. 24,400 PERMIT ISSUANCES FOR NON-
THAT’S WHY IT’S IMPORTANT TO STAY RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS JUST BEFORE THE
FLEXIBLE AND HAVE THE RIGHT PANDEMIC HIT THE PHILIPPINE
RESOURCES AT YOUR DISPOSAL TO BE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY.
ABLE TO ADJUST WHEN A SHIPPING ON THE OTHER HAND, THE PRIVATE
DELAY, OR A CLIENT CHANGE SECTOR’S MOTIVATION TO CONSTRUCT
REQUEST, OR PERMIT DELAY DERAILS MORE BUILDINGS IS INSPIRED NOT ONLY BY
THE TIMELINE. THE “BUILD BUILD BUILD” PROGRAM BUT
ALSO BY THE INCOME-GENERATING
10 BEST CONSTRUCTION POTENTIAL IN THE REAL ESTATE BUSINESS.
COMPANIES IN THE PHILIPPINES IN FACT, BY THE END OF 2018, THE SUPPLY
OF CONDO UNITS WERE HIGHER IN HIGHLY
URBANIZED CITIES LIKE MAKATI, ORTIGAS
CENTER, AND FORT BONIFACIO COMPARED
TO ARANETA CENTER, ALABANG, AND
ROCKWELL CENTER.
1. MAKATI DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
A WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF
REAL-ESTATE GIANT, AYALA LAND, INC.,
MAKATI DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
(MDC) IS AMONG THE LEADING
ENGINEERING, PROCUREMENT,
IN AN AIM TO BUILD MORE CONSTRUCTION AND CONSTRUCTION
INFRASTRUCTURE TO ALLEVIATE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT (EPCCM) COMPANY IN
AND TRADE ACROSS ALL REGIONS, THE THE COUNTRY. IT IS AN ISO-CERTIFIED
CONSTRUCTION SECTOR HAS BEEN ONE CORPORATION AND A QUADRUPLE A
OF THE CORE FOCUSES OF THE PLATINUM CONTRACTOR, SPANNING 45
GOVERNMENT SINCE 2016. THIS IS WHERE YEARS OF EXPERIENCE IN BUILDING
“BUILD BUILD BUILD” COMES INTO PLAY, A RESIDENTIAL, COMMERCIAL,
PROGRAM THAT INTRODUCES THE INDUSTRIAL AND INFRASTRUCTURE
ADMINISTRATOR’S GOAL OF PROPELLING PROJECTS.
THE COUNTRY INTO BECOMING MORE BY ADHERING TO THE CORE
DEVELOPED AND CONNECTED. EXECUTION PRINCIPLES OF SAFETY,
QUALITY, COST EFFICIENCY, TIMELY
BUILD BUILD BUILD ALLIANCE WITH DELIVERY, AND SUSTAINABILITY, MDC
CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES BOASTS AN IMPRESSIVE AND
THE “BUILD BUILD BUILD” PROGRAM EXTENSIVE PORTFOLIO OF PROJECTS
HAS ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED THE THAT IS BUILT UPON THE COMPANY’S

07
 PASSION FOR EXCELLENT CUSTOMER CONSTRUCTION, DM CONSUNJI, INC.
SERVICE AND MIRROR ITS VISION OF HAS BEEN KNOWN UP UNTIL TODAY AS
BEING A WORLD CLASS BUILDER OF THE COUNTRY’S “BUILDER OF
CHOICE. LANDMARKS.” IT FIRST STARTED AS A
SMALL COMPANY IN PANDACAN, MANILA
AND OVER THE YEARS, HAD EARNED THE
REPUTATION OF ON-SCHEDULE
COMPLETION OF WORKS WITHOUT
COMPROMISING QUALITY.
AFTER OVER 65 YEARS OF TRUSTED
SERVICE IN THE FIELD OF ENGINEERING,
2. MEGAWIDE CONSTRUCTION DMCI HAS BEEN RECOGNIZED AND
CORPORATION AWARDED FOR ITS WORLD-CLASS
LED BY THE MISSION TO BE AT THE PERFORMANCE. AMONG ITS NUMEROUS
FOREFRONT OF BUILDING A FIRST- AWARDS INCLUDE THE ASIA-PACIFIC
WORLD PHILIPPINES THROUGH STEVIE AWARDS, 2017 TRUSTED BRAND
ENGINEERING EXCELLENCE AND AWARD, 52ND ANVIL AWARDS, AND BCI
INNOVATION, MEGAWIDE ASIA 2018, TO NAME A FEW.
CONSTRUCTION CORPORATION IS
AMONG THE COUNTRY’S MOST
PROGRESSIVE INFRASTRUCTURE
CONGLOMERATES. IT HAS A DECISIVE
PORTFOLIO NOT ONLY IN ENGINEERING,
PROCUREMENT, AND CONSTRUCTION
(EPC) BUT ALSO IN RENEWABLE ENERGY, 4. EEI CORPORATION
AIRPORT INFRASTRUCTURE, AND BEST KNOWN FOR THE QUALITY OF ITS
PROGRESSIVE PROPERTY WORK AND THE EXCELLENCE OF ITS
DEVELOPMENT. WORKFORCE, EEI CORPORATION IS
A PARTNER OF THE PHILIPPINE DISTINGUISHED AS ONE OF THE
GOVERNMENT THROUGH THE PUBLIC- LEADING CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES
PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) PROGRAM, IN THE PHILIPPINES. IT BOASTS OF THE
MEGAWIDE’S REVOLUTIONARY BROADEST RANGE OF CONSTRUCTION
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING SERVICES, WITH
SOLUTIONS CONTINUE TO SHAPE THE EXPERTISE NOT ONLY IN THE
INDUSTRY AS IT INTEGRATES ITS CONSTRUCTION OF LARGE-SCALE
COMPREHENSIVE EPC CAPABILITIES HEAVY AND LIGHT INDUSTRIAL
WITH INNOVATIVE CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS BUT ALSO IN PROPERTY
SUPPORT TECHNOLOGIES, INCLUDING DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS AND
CONCRETE BATCHING, PRECAST, AND INFRASTRUCTURE ACROSS THE GLOBE.
FORMWORK SYSTEMS. OVER THE YEARS, EEI HAS MADE ITS
MARK IN AIRPORTS, SEAPORTS,
RAILWAYS, AND HOSPITALS, ON TOP OF
BUILDING POWER PLANTS, REFINERIES,
PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS, CEMENT
PLANTS, MINING FACILITIES, AND
INDUSTRIAL PLANTS. AS SUCH, THE
COMPANY HAS BEEN ONE OF THE
3. DM CONSUNJI, INC. PREFERRED CONTRACTOR OF
PIONEERED THE APPLICATION OF ENGINEERING, PROCUREMENT AND
ADVANCED ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES IN THE
TECHNOLOGY IN PHILIPPINE PHILIPPINES.

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 OFFERS A FULL RANGE OF INTEGRATED
ENGINEERING, FABRICATION, MODULE
ASSEMBLY, AND CONSTRUCTION
SERVICES.
WITH OVER 12 DECADES OF
5. STA. CLARA INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE, THE FIRM ASSURES
CORPORATION CLIENTS OF BOTH COST-EFFICACY
AS A LEADING FULL-SERVICE AND LEVERAGE TO CONTROL
ENGINEERING, CONSTRUCTION, CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULES, THEREBY
DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT RAMPING UP THEIR ABILITY TO
ENTERPRISES IN THE PHILIPPINES, STA. COMPLETE THE PROJECTS FASTER
CLARA INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION THAN PLANNED.
IS AMONG THE PHILIPPINES’ PRIME
PARTNERS IN NATION-BUILDING. THE
COMPANY BELIEVES THAT
CONSTRUCTION WORKS GREATLY
CONTRIBUTE TO THE COUNTRY’S
PROGRESS AND DEVELOPMENT, SO
THEY AIM TO CONTINUE DELIVERING
7. DDT KONSTRACT, INC.
LEGACY PROJECTS WITH THE HIGHEST
A LEADER IN THE PHILIPPINE
STANDARDS OF QUALITY AND SAFETY.
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY FOR 20
APART FROM ITS NUMEROUS
YEARS NOW, DDT KONSTRACT, INC.
DOMESTIC PROJECTS, STA. CLARA
CATERS TO ALL TYPES OF GENERAL
INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION ALSO
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND PUTS
HAS OVERSEAS OPERATIONS, SERVING
EMPHASIS ON THE EFFICIENCY OF
THE POWER AND UTILITIES,
DIRECT PRODUCTION. THE COMPANY
INFRASTRUCTURE AND CIVIL
COMPLIES WITH ALL REQUIREMENTS OF
ENGINEERING SECTORS. AS SUCH, IT
THE PHILIPPINE CONTRACTORS
HAS BEEN AWARDED ITS QUADRUPLE A
ACCREDITATION BOARD IN TERMS OF
LICENSE IN 2017 AND IS CELEBRATING
FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL
OVER 40 YEARS OF EXISTENCE IN THE
CAPABILITIES AND HAS BEEN GRANTED
INDUSTRY.
A LICENSE WITH CATEGORY “AAAA”
FOR GENERAL BUILDING AND GENERAL
ENGINEERING.
AS EVIDENCED BY THE NUMEROUS
COMPLETED PROJECTS OWNED AND
MANAGED BY FOREIGNERS AND
6. ATLANTIC, GULF, AND PACIFIC LOCAL DEVELOPERS, DDT KONSTRACT,
COMPANY OF MANILA, INC. INC. CONTINUES TO DELIVER ANY
PROVIDING INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT SAFELY, ON TIME, WITH
SOLUTIONS AND SUPPORT SERVICES QUALITY, AND RESULTING TO GOOD
FOR THE ENERGY, RESOURCES, AND BUSINESS TO ALL.
INDUSTRIAL SECTORS, ATLANTIC, GULF,
AND PACIFIC COMPANY OF MANILA,
INC. ALSO MODULARIZES
INFRASTRUCTURE FOR REFINERIES, AND
LNG EXPORT AND IMPORT FACILITIES,
AS WELL AS FOR POWER, 8. DATEM, INC.
PETROCHEMICAL, AND MINING PLANTS. DATEM, INC. IS AMONG OF THE
APART FROM THIS, THE COMPANY PROMINENT CONSTRUCTION FIRMS IN

09
 THE COUNTRY, ACCREDITED AS A PROVIDING VALUE-ADDED AND FULLY-
QUADRUPLE A CONTRACTOR BY THE INTEGRATED CONSTRUCTION AND FIT-
PHILIPPINE CONTRACTORS OUT SERVICES FOR ITS CLIENTS, MDC
ACCREDITATION BOARD (PCAB), THE BP ALSO OFFERS FIT OUT SERVICES,
IMPLEMENTING AGENCY OF THE BUILDING MODERN AND SUITABLE
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY INTERIOR SPACES FOR RESIDENTIAL
ASSOCIATION OF THE PHILIPPINES AND OFFICE DEVELOPMENTS.
(CIAP). IT BOASTS OF OVER 35 YEARS
OF EXPERIENCE IN THE INDUSTRY AND
OFFERS VALUE-DRIVEN ENGINEERING
SERVICES THROUGH THE
COMBINATION OF INNOVATION,
TECHNICAL EXPERTISE, AND
TECHNOLOGY. 10. MONOLITH CONSTRUCTION &
FROM PIONEERING IN THE USE OF DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
PRECAST WALL SYSTEM TO BECOMING A 100% FILIPINO CAPITALIZED
ONE OF THE MOST TRUSTED GENERAL CORPORATION, MONOLITH
CONTRACTORS IN THE COUNTRY, CONSTRUCTION & DEVELOPMENT
DATEM HAS DRAMATICALLY GROWN CORPORATION HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED
THANKS TO ITS IMPRESSIVE PORTFOLIO AND REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES
THAT SPANS ACROSS A WIDE VARIETY AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION SINCE
OF INDUSTRIES AND ITS PARTNERSHIPS NOVEMBER 1990. IT HAS GROWN FROM
WITH PIVOTAL PLAYERS IN KEY UNDERTAKING SMALL WAREHOUSE,
INDUSTRIES. RESIDENTIAL, AND COMMERCIAL
PROJECTS IN THE LATE 1980S TO
BUILDING NUMEROUS HIGH-RISE
CONDOMINIUMS, LOW-RISE
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS,
TOWNHOUSES, SHOPPING MALLS,
HOTELS, A 4.4-HECTARE CONVENTION
CENTER, AND A SPORTS ARENA TO
DATE.
9. MDC BUILDPLUS, INC. TO PRODUCE HIGH-QUALITY
A LEADING BUILDER OF QUALITY STRUCTURES GEARED TOWARDS
HOMES AND MEDIUM-RISE SATISFYING CLIENTS, MONOLITH
DEVELOPMENTS IN THE PHILIPPINES, FOLLOWS A STRICT COMPANY POLICY
MDC BUILDPLUS, INC. (MDC BP) OF PERSONALIZED SERVICE,
CATERS TO MDC’S HOUSING, MEDIUM- SYSTEMATIC PLANNING, TIME-
RISE, AND FIT-OUT CONSTRUCTION EFFICIENT AND COST-SAVING
REQUIREMENTS AND PROVIDES FULL- CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY, SAFE
LINE ENGINEERING, PROCUREMENT, WORKING CONDITIONS, AND HEALTHY
CONSTRUCTION, AND CONSTRUCTION WORKING RELATIONSHIP.
MANAGEMENT (EPC/CM) SERVICES
FOR AVIDA, AMAIA AND BELLAVITA, ALL
OF WHICH ARE RESIDENTIAL BRANDS
OF AYALA LAND, INC. THE COMPANY
ALSO MANAGES CONSTRUCTION OF
VARIOUS MDC PROJECTS IN THE
WESTERN VISAYAS REGION,
SPECIFICALLY IN BACOLOD AND
ILOILO.

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