Unit 01

UNIT
o;a;
;Skÿ
a .ekSug fyda kshduk j,g t<öug fkdyels kuq;a m%udKd;aul yd .=Kd;aul jYfhka m%ldY l<
yels oE o;a; fõ'

o;a; j¾.SlrKh

m%udKd;aul o;a; .=Kd;aul o;a;

− ixLHd;aulj bÈßm;a lrk − ixLHd;aulj bÈßm;a l< fkdyels

− ,laIK −
o .Ks; l¾u isÿ l< yels ùu' mqoa.,fhl=f.a fi!LHh ;;ajh"
o wkq ms,sfj,g ielish yels' hul yevh fyda meyeh wd§ foa'
o ixLHd úoHd;aulj ielish iy
ksrEmKh lsÍug yelsùu'

ict

o;a; Ôjk pl%h

o;a;
ks¾udKh

wNdú; o;a; o;a;

bj;a lsÍu l<ukdlrKh

uyd o;a; (Big Data)

idïm%odhsl o;a; iuqod l<ukdlrK moaO;s j,ska
jHq fkdjk o;a; tl;=jla uyd o;a; fõ'

iudc cd, (Facebook) yryd ckkh jk o;a;

• uyd o;a; yeisrùfï § .eg¨

−
− o;a; .nvd lsÍu wmyiq ùu
− o;a; úYaf,aIKh wmyiq ùu
− o;a; hdj;ald,Sk lsÍu wmyiq ùu

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o;a;
1) w;ahqre l%uh 2) iajhxl%Sh l%uh

− ld,h úYd, jYfhka jeh ùu − ld,h jYfhka jeh ùu

− jeä msßjehla oeÍug isÿùu − msßjehla oeÍug isÿùu

− ,nd .kakd f;dr;=re ms<sn| − ,nd .kakd f;dr;=re ms<sn|

úYajdihla fkdue;s ùu úYajdihla

f;dr;=re
,nkakdg meyeÈ,s w¾:hla ,nd .; yels jk mßÈ l%udkql+,j ilia lrkq ,enQ oE f;dr;=re f,i
y÷kajhs'

o;a; f;dr;=re j,g m;a lr,Sfï l%shdj,sh

o;a; ieliSu f;dr;=re

ákd f;dr;=re j, ,laIK

(Relevance
(Timeliness)
(Accuracy)
(Completeness)
(Understandability)
• f;dr;=rla l%shdj,shl m%;sodkhla jk w;r tu f;dr;=r fjk;a l%shdj,shla i|yd o;a;hla f,i
wdodkh úh yel'

f;dr;=re ms<sn| iaj¾Kuh kHdh Golden rule of information)

− ld,h YqkHhg 0 wdikak jk úg f;dr;=rl jákdlu

Wmßu jk w;r ld,h .; u iu. tys jákdlu l%ufhka wvq ù tajd
o;a; njg m;afõ'
− hï f;dr;=rl Wmßu jákdlu r|d mj;skafka tu f;dr;=re ,nd
.kakd fudfydf;a§h'

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 mß.Kl cd, iy wka;¾cd, ìysùu
• WWW

• (computer
network)

(mobile communication) (mobile computing)

❖
❖

j,dl=¿ mß.Kkh (CLOUD COMPUTING)

wka;¾cd,h fyda fjk;a cd,hla j,dl=<la fjhs'fuu j,dl=<la [Link] fhÿï fj; m%fõY ùu tajd
úkHdi.; lsÍu iy m%fõYh i|yd myiqlï imhhs'

Email)
j<dl= ixl,amh [Link] bgqflfrk m%Odk fiajd

IaaS / ස ේවාවක් සෙ PaaS / පසුබිම් ස ේවාවක් සෙ SaaS / ස ේවාවක් සෙ මෘදුකාාංග

යටිතෙ පහසුකම්

• • •
• • • CRM
• • •

•
•

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 mß.Kl moaO;shl uQ,sl ixrpl iy j¾.SlrKh
1) oDvdx.
mß.Klhg iïnkaO mshú weig fmfkk fN!;slj w;ska iam¾Y l< yels ish¨ fldgia oDvdx.

a. wdodk Wml%u (input devices)

• h;=re mqjrej (keyboard)
• uQislh
• fjí leurdj
• ge%la fnda,a
• M CR OCR
BCR

b. m%;sodk Wml%u (output devices)

• mß.Kl ;srh visual display unit)
• iamSlrh
• m%skag¾
• fm%dfccfgd¾

c.
• (CPU)
(processor)
• (GPU)

d.
➢ cache memory)
CPU

(RAM)

hard disk
e.

hub , switch , (NIC)

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2) uDÿldx.
mß.Kl NdIdjla [Link] úúO ld¾hhka i|yd ,ndfok Wmfoia ud,djka uDÿldx. kñka ye¢kafõ

➢
➢

a. moaO;s uDÿldx.

(user)

• fufyhqï moaO;s uDÿldx. Windows, Linux, Mac OS

• NdId mßj¾;l jevigyka Virus Guard, Device drivers
• Wmldrl uDÿldx. Compiler, Interpreter

b. fhÿï uDÿldx.

joka ieliqï uDÿldx.(Microsoft word) Microsoft exel)

c. ( free & open source software / FOSS)

(source code)

− Linux
− Open office
d. n,m;% iys; uDÿldx. (License software)

uqo,a [Link] Ndú;d lsÍfï ysñlula ,nd .;

hq;= fõ'

− Microsoft Office
− Kasperskey

3) ia:srdx.
oDvdx. ;=<g ia:srj we;=<;a lr we;s uDÿldx. fõ' mGk ud;% u;lh (ROM) ;=, mj;sk
BIOS uDÿldx.h ia:[Link]

4) x.
mß.Klh iy iïnkaO jk udkj mqoa.,hka Ôjdx.

• Programmer
• Project manager

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 o;a; ieliqï Ôjk pl%h
o;a; o;a; j,x.= o;a; wdodkh
/ia lsÍu

wdphkh m%;sodkh o;a; ieliSu

1) o;a; /ialÍ
s u

1& yia;uh o;a; 2& w¾O iajhxl%Sh$iajhxl%Sh

/ialsÍu o;a; /ialsÍu

− iïuqL idlÉPd − pqïnl ;Sk;a wkq,laIK lshjkh (MICR)

− mj;akd fmd;am;a Ndú;fhka − m%ldY i,l=Kq lshjkh (OMR)
− ksÍlaIKh − m%ldY wkq,laIK lshjkh (OCR)
− m%Yakdj,s ,nd§u − (magnetic strip readers)
− ixfõol

2) o;a; j,x.= lsÍfï l%u j,x.=;d mÍlaIdj

• j,x.=;d mÍlaIdj lsÍug Ndú;d lrk l%ufõohka lsysmhla mj;S
1& j¾. mÍlaIdj (Type check )
kshñ; o;a; ud¾.fhkau o;a; mj;So hkak

2& we;s nj$;;H;d mÍlaIdj (Presence check)

w;HdjYH o;a; mj;So hkak

3& mrdi mÍlaIdj (Range check )

kshñ; mrdih ;=< msysgkafka o hkak

3) o;a; wdodk wdldr

• (DIRECT & REMOTE INPUT METHODS)

• (ONLINE & OFFLINE INPUT METHODS)

iDcq wdldr
mßYS,lhkaf.a iDcq ueÈy;aùï jefvka f;drj o;a; wdodkh fï kñka ye¢kafõ OMR
OCR jeks Wmdx. Ndú;d lrhs

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 ÿria: wdldrh

ud¾..; o;a; wdodkh

wka;¾cd,h iy iïnkaOj fjí mdol mß.Kl uDÿ[Link] Wmfhda.S lrf.k
o;a; wdodkh lsÍuhs
ud¾. wm.; o;a; wdodkh
ldKav jYfhka ksYaÑ; ld, mßÉfþohlg miqj úúO wjia:dj,§ o;a; wdodkh

4) o;a; ieliSfï l%u

1& ldKav o;a; ieliSu 2& ;;ald,Sk o;a; ieliSu

hï ld, mrdihlg wkqj o;a; o;a; we;=,;a lrk wjia:dfõ§u tu
f;dr;=re njg m;alr,Su ldKav o;a; Wmfhda.S lrf.k ieliSfï
o;a; ieliSuhs l%shdj,sh isÿ lsÍuhs

−
− −
−
(CAM)
5)

6) o;a; wdpdhk Wml%u

• ia:dkh wdphkh iy ÿria: wdphkh
• fláld,Sk wdphkh iy È.=ld,Sk wdphkh

úúO lafIa;% ;=< ICT Ndú;hka

➢ computer based learning (CBL) -

➢ Computer aided learning (CAL) - [Link]ï lghq;= fjkqfjka

mß.Kl wdOdrlhla f,i Ndú;d lsÍu
➢ simulators -

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➢ E – learning -

➢ (SMART BOARD)
(MULTI MEDIA)
➢ (SELF LEARNING)

➢
➢

➢
➢ ECG , ULTRASOUND & CT SCAN

➢ RFID

➢ ATM
➢ (GRAPHIC)
➢

➢ CAD
➢ CASE tools

➢
➢

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 ➢
ICT
➢ CCTV , GPS

•
•

mßYS,lhd rjgd Tjqkf

a .a mßYS,l kdu iy uqrmo jeks úoHq;a .sKï
q j, f;dr;=re
jxpkslj ,nd .ekSfï iudc bxðfkare m%ydr

•
•
• (UPDATING)
•
•

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• fm!oa.,sl;ajh (Privacy)

• uDÿldx. fld,a,lEu Piracy)

n,m;% iys; uDÿ[Link] wkjirfhka msgm;a lsÍu

• rpkd fp!r;ajh (plagiarism)

lsih
s ï mqoa.,fhl=f.a woyia is;=ú fyda l%shdjla tys uq,a whs;slref.a f;dr;=re
igyka fkdlr ;ukaf.a f,i bÈßm;a lsÍu

• nqoaêuh foam,
lsih
s ï mqoa.,fhl=f.a fjkqfjka tu mqoa.,hdg ysñ
kS;shdkql+, whs;sh
nqoaêuh foam< wdrlaId lr .ekSug [Link] l< yels l%shdud¾. "

− m%ldYk ysñlu ,nd .ekSu

− n,m;% ,nd .ekSu

• m%ldYk ysñlu copyright)

nqoaêuh foam, j,g we;s whs;sh

▪
▪ Encryption)
▪ (digital signature)

• Tele commuting (fg,[Link]&

ld¾hd,h lghq;= ÿria:j ikaksfõokh

• Video conferencing (ùäfhda ixjdo&

mqoa.,hka fofokl= fyda jeä msßila ÿria:j cd,hla yryd isÿlrk Y%jH oDYH ixjdo

• E-Commerce (úoHq;a jdKscH&

wka;¾cd,h yryd NdKav úlsŒu iy ñ, § .ekSfï l%shdj,sh

• E- Government (úoHq;a rdcH&

rdcH úiska wka;¾cd,h yryd uyck;djg fiajd ,nd§u

• E-education
wOHdmksl lghq;= fjkqfjka ´kEu úoHq;a udOHhla Ndú;d lsÍu

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