PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Quarter III
Story of Sitio Katamakawan
Sitio Katamakawan is a community of lazy and gluttonous people. They sit or lie all day and eat everything their
mouth desires. Each family has a housemaid to take care of all the household chores. The children of this
community are addicted to playing computer games although they maintain their passing grades. They are not
allowed to play outside to prevent accidents. Most of the time, the teenagers surf on the internet. Most of the
parents are overweight because after their office work, they watch television while having night snacks. Some
men are into smoking and drinking alcohol. On the other hand, during weekends, each family goes to church and
watches movies together. They maintain their strong family bonds. Values such as respect to elders and
obedience are also preserved in this community.
Defintion of Term
Hip-hop is a cultural movement best known for its impact on music in the form of the musical genre of the same
name. It originated in Bronx, New York City during the 1970s, mostly among African Americans and some
influence of Latin Americans
Hip-hop culture is composed of the pillars such as DJ-ing, rapping, breakdancing, and graffiti art.
DJing is the art of spinning records at a dance party, picking out songs in a crowd-pleasing sequence. Also the art
of touching and moving records with your hands. Cutting (using volume control to drop in a section of music from
one turntable into music from another turntable) and Scratching (the sound a DJ makes by putting his hand on
the record and rubbing the vinyl under the needle in time with the music) are two popular DJing techniques.
Breakdancing is a style of dancing that includes gymnastic moves, head-spins and back-spins.
Graffiti is a visual art, an expression of youth culture and rebellion in public places. The first forms of subway
graffiti were tags or signatures of someone’s nickname or crew (a group of artists that work together). It has
evolved into elaborate scripts, color effects, and shading.
MCing/MC is the initial for the master of ceremonies. MCs originally hosted parties and introduced tracks to the
dancing audience. Eventually, the term was used to describe rappers. Rapping is the art of saying rhymes to the
beat of the music. It comes out of the African-American oral tradition of using rhyming language to ridicule your
friends or enemies in a clever way. In the early 1970s this developed into street jive, a type of half-spoken, half-
sung urban street talk. Rapping also has roots in Jamaican toasting, a type of lyrical chanting.
BREAKING/B-BOYING, also called breakdancing, is a style of street dance and the first hip-hop dance style that
was created in the South Bronx New York City among Black and Puerto Rican youths during the early [Link] a
dance style, it combines 3 main elements: acrobatics, gymnastics and Rhythm.
Four Movements of B-boying
Top rock - footwork-oriented steps performed while standing up
Down rock -footwork performed with both hands and feet on the floor
Freezes -stylish poses done with your hands
Power moves–comprised of full-body spins and rotations that give the illusion of defying the gravity.
LOCKING also called as Campbel locking, was created by Don Campbellock Campbell in 1969 in Los Angeles,
California. It was popularized by his crew, The [Link] is a type of dance that is very similar to popping. Both
movements seem to have a “PAUSE”. The difference is, in locking, the dancers hold their positions called the
LOCK, longer.
POPPING was popularized by Samuel Boogaloo Sam Solomon and his crew, the Electric Boogaloos. It was created
in Fresno, California in the [Link] is characterized by its robotic elements contracting or jerking the muscles of
the body which is called pop or a hit. The popping movements create an illusion like drifting across the floor or a
head falling out of place.
TUTTING is an upper-body dance that uses arms, hands, and wrists in a creative way to make geometric shapes
forming a right angle. The style was originally practiced by young funk dancers. It can also be done with the
fingers rather than the arms. This method is called finger tutting. It is derived from the positions people have
drawn during the Ancient Egyptians.
SHUFFLING is a rave and club dance that originated in the late 1980s in the underground rave music scene in
Melbourne, Australia. It is characterized by fast heel and toe twisting, stepping, running man variations, stomping
with the beat, foot swiveling from side to side, and having feet that appear to be gliding on and off the ground.
KRUMPING is a form of dancing that originated in the African-American community of South Central Los Angeles,
California and is a relatively new form of the “Urban” Black dance movement. It is characterized as being a free
dance where the movements are more abrupt and strong. It is also an expressive, exaggerated, and highly
energetic dance.
WAACKING is an African American form of street dance originating in the 1970s disco era of the underground
LGBT club scenes in Los Angeles and New York City and receive its name from the English word “waack”, which
means “waving arms”.
Its characteristics are the stylized posing and fast synchronized arm movements.
HEALTH
GLOBAL HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT GOALS
The term “global health” rose in popularity along with the rise of globalization. Both terms improved public
awareness of vulnerabilities and shared responsibilities among people for the different injustices in the world.
Ilona Kickbush (2006)
Director of the Global Health program at the Graduate Institute of International and Development studies in
Geneva, Switzerland States that global health pertains to various health issues, concerns, and trends which go
beyond national boundaries and call for global initiatives for the protection and promotion of people’s health
across the world.
Koplan and Associates (2009)
States that global health is an area for study, research and practice that prioritizes health improvement and
achieving impartiality in healthcare and wellness worldwide.
Beaglehole and Bonita (2010)
Gave a short but meaningful definition of global health: cooperative research and action of international
communities to promote health for all.
The 8 Millennium Development Goals (MDGS)
The United Nations Millennium Development Goals were created through the United Nations Millennium
Declaration agreed and signed upon back in September 2000. This Millennium Development Goals are eight
targets that all governments to account for their development efforts.
1. Eradicate Extreme Poverty and hunger
Developing countries particularly in Africa and Asia suffer from extreme poverty and hunger. Poverty and hunger
leads to severe malnutrition's which leads to lifelong physical and cognitive (learning and reasoning) damage and
effects health, well- being and the economy.
2. Achieve Universal Primary Education
Persons, particularly women who are educated are more likely to seek medical care especially during pregnancy,
ensuring proper nutrition for their family, adopting healthy sanitary practices and ensuring immunizations of
children. As an effect, infants and children have better survival rates are healthier and better nourished.
3. Promote Gender Equality and Empower women
Gender equality means equal representation of men and women. It implies that all gender should have equal
value and treatment. Equal gender treatment empowers women and other groups creating opportunities in
education, work, finances, and other aspects which improves the economy and lessen effects of financial crises.
4. Reduce Child Mortality
Program and policies which help reduce child morality like improving nutritional intake, healthcare facilities and
infrastructure, and other fields which improve children’s lives. Strengthening local and national health programs
and policies is one way to reduce child morality.
5. Improve Maternal Health
To improved maternal health is not only about mother’s health but also involves the health and wellness of the
family. Maternal health also helps eradicate other problems like poverty, gender inequality, decreased
workforce, lower birth deaths, and disability of women.
6. Combat HIV/AIDS. Malaria and other Diseases
Emerging and re- emerging diseases like HIV/AIDS, malaria, influenza and other diseases affect productivity and
growth of nations. Some of the effects of disease outbreak are loss of jobs, shortage in professional workers, and
creating social crises.
7. Ensure Environmental Sustainability
Investing and supporting sustainable energy like solar, wind and water energy help support jobs, create business
opportunities, and save remaining non- renewable energy sources. Environmental sustainability assures peoples
to live healthier and enjoy a clean and green environment.
8. Global Partnership for Development
The United Nations, World Health Organization, World Bank and government work together to make sure there
is fair trade and that heavily indebted countries obtain relief and funds to combat poverty, malnutrition and
funds for education and social projects.
Global health is the understanding of health care in an international and interdisciplinary context. It includes the
study, research, and practice of medicine with focus and emphasis on improving health and health care equity for
populations worldwide. Global health initiatives cover both medical and non-medical disciplines such as
epidemiology, sociology, economic disparities, public policy, environmental factors, cultural studies, etc.
Significance of Global Health Initiative
1. Global Fund is a partnership designed to accelerate the end of AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria as
epidemics. - is a financing mechanism rather than an implementing agency.
HEALTH INITIATIVES
*Accelerating the end of AIDS, TB, Malaria as epidemics- Global Fund mobilizes and invests more than 4 billion
dollars a year to support programs run by local experts in more than 100 countries. The money comes from 92%
from donor government and 8% from the private sectors and foundations. The budget is spent to support
programs that fight AIDS, TB, and Malaria.
*The effective implementation and monitoring of grants is at the core of our work to end of HIV, TB and malaria
as epidemics and forms the longest part of the funding cycle.
IMPORTANCE
The fund bolsters initiatives and programs that fight TB, Malaria and AIDS. Sufficient budget gives the mechanism
to sustain certain programs anchored on such noble objective.
2. Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations (GAVI) – a global Vaccine Alliance, bringing together
public and private sectors with the shared goal of creating equal access to new and underused vaccines
for children living in the world’s poorest countries.
HEALTH INITIATIVES
Innovation for Uptake, Scale and Equity in Immunization (INFUSE). It seeks to bridge the gap between vaccine
delivery innovators and implementing countries
IMPORTANCE
It ensures that vaccines for immunity are sufficient in target countries. This helps boost the immune system of
target beneficiaries.
3. World Health Organization (WHO)- It is designated to serve as the lead agency tasked to direct and
coordinate with all member nations regarding leadership, supervision, technical support, and education
on matters about health.
HEALTH INITIATIVES
a. Alliance for Healthy Cities -It is an international network aiming to protect and enhance the health of city
dwellers thru legislations and issuances.
IMPORTANCE
It encourages local governments to incorporate health issues and health concerns into all aspects of public policy.
b. WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO-FCTC) - It is the first treaty negotiated under the
auspices of the World Health Organization that seeks to control tobacco consumption.
IMPORTANCE
It aims at protecting present and future generations from the devastating health, social, environmental, and
economic consequences of tobacco consumption and exposure to tobacco secondhand smoking.
c. WHO's Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol -It is a resolution on public health problems
caused by harmful use of alcohol approved by World Health Assembly year 2005 (WHA 58.26); thus,
recognizing that alcohol has a worldwide impact and that strategies exist to reduce such an impact.
IMPORTANCE
It establishes norms and creates a framework to support both domestic action and international cooperation on
alcohol consumption.
4. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)- It is the United Nations' global development network.
It advocates for change and connects countries to knowledge, experience, and resources to help people
build a better life for themselves.
HEALTH INITIATIVES
UNDP Strategic Plan -It is anchored on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and committed to the
principles of universality, equality and leaving no one behind
IMPORTANCE
It helps countries in achieving sustainable development by eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions. It
accelerates structural transformations for sustainable development and building resilience to crises and shocks.
5. United Nations International Children's Fund (UNICEF)- It is a United Nations’ agency responsible for
providing humanitarian and developmental aid to children worldwide. It is among the most widespread
and recognizable social welfare organizations in the world, with presence in 192 countries and territories.
HEALTH INITIATIVES
Digital Health Initiative - It is an initiative to strengthen health systems by designing and deploying digitally
enabled solutions.
IMPORTANCE
It lessens the number of children that misses life-saving vaccinations, treatment, and health monitoring which
outdated health system fails to keep on track.
