Chemistry Investigatory Project
(Session-2024-25)
On
ANALYSIS OF COLD DRINKS
Submitted by:
Name: Amaan Elahi
Class: XII-A
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr. Amaan Elahi, a student of
Class XII-A at Apeejay School, Noida has submitted
the chemistry investigatory project, titled ‘Analysis of
cold drinks’ under the guidance of Dr. Seema Sharma
during the Session 2024-25.
Examiner’s signature Subject teacher’s signature
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my immense gratitude to my
chemistry teacher, Dr. Seema Sharma, for the help and
guidance she provided for completing the investigatory
project.
I also thank my parents who gave their ideas and inputs in
making this project. Most of all, I thank our school
management for providing us the facilities and
opportunity to do this project.
Lastly, I would like to thank my classmates who have
rendered and done this project along with me. Their
support made this project fruitful
Amaan Elahi
INDEX
Title Page No.
Aim 5
6
Introduction
Theory 7
Apparatus 8
Procedure and observations 9
Conclusion 15
Result 16
Bibliography 17
AIM
Comparative study and qualitative analysis of
different brands of cold drinks available in market.
INTRODUCTION
A soft drink is a drink that usually contains water, a
sweetener, and a natural and/or artificial flavoring. The
sweetener may be a sugar, high-fructose corn syrup, fruit
juice, a sugar substitute (in the case of diet drinks), or some
combination of these. Soft drinks may also contain caffeine,
colourings ,preservatives, and/or other [Link] of
the famous brands of cold drinks are Coca Cola,Limca, Fanta,
Sprite, Thumbs Up [Link] India, nowadays cold drinks have
become an [Link] drinks have many side-effects. But,
irrespective of that most of the youth likes to drink soft drinks
instead of water,milk and fruit juices. Recently, soft drink
brands have been put into various questions regarding purity.
News flashed that they contain harmful pesticides. I wanted
to confirm whether the accusation on these soft drinks
brands were true or not hence I took up this topic.
THEORY
Cold drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol,
carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, phosphate ions etc. These soft drinks
give a feeling of warmth, lightness and have a tangy taste which is
liked by everyone. Carbon dioxide is responsible for the formation of
froth on shaking the bottle. The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in
water to form carbonic acid which is also responsible for the tangy
taste. Carbohydrates are the naturally occurring organic compounds
and are a major source of energy to our body. General formula of
carbohydrates is Cx (H2O)y . On the basis of their molecule size
carbohydrates are classified as Monosaccharide, Disaccharide and
Polysaccharide. Glucose is a monosaccharide with formula C6H12O6 .
It occurs in the Free State in the ripe grapes, in bones and also in
many sweet fruits. It is also present in the human blood to the extent
of about 0.1%. Sucrose is one of the most useful disaccharides in our
daily life. It is widely distributed in nature in juices, seeds and also in
flowers of many plants. The main source of sucrose is sugarcane juice
which contains 15-20% sucrose and sugar beet which has about
10-17% sucrose. The molecular formula of sucrose is C12H22O11. It
is produced by a mixture of glucose and fructose. It is non-reducing
in nature whereas glucose is reducing. Cold drinks are a bit acidic in
nature and their acidity can be measured by finding their pH value.
The pH values also depend upon the acidic contents such as citric
acid and phosphoric acid.
APPARATUS
Materials required
Test tube, test tube stand, test tube holder, china dish, tripod
stand, stopwatch wire gauge, water bath , beaker, dropper,
burner, white tiles, pH paper, glass rod
Chemicals required
Iodine Solution, Lime Water, Fehling’s A & B Solution, Conc.
HNO3 (Nitric Acid), Ammonium Molybdate, Potassium
Solution.
PROCEDURE
DETECTION OF pH
Experiment:- Take 4 pH papers on separate white tiles.
Pour a drop of the sample of each brand of cold drink on
each pH paper using a clean dropper. Then, a change in
colour of pH is observed and is compared to standard pH
scale.
[Link] Name of Colour pH value
Drink change
1 Coca pink 2.6
Cola
2 Sprite red 3.3
3 Limca pinkish 4.0
4 Fanta Light 3.0
orange
TEST OF CARBON DIOXIDE
Experiment:- Take 4 test tubes and add 2 ml of lime water
in each test tube. As soon as the bottles were opened, one
by one add a small sample of each cold drink in each test
tube containing lime water. If the colour of lime water
changes from colourless to milky, it confirms the presence
of dissolved carbon dioxide in the soft drinks.
[Link] Name of Drink Time Inference
Taken
1 Coca cola 26 CO2 is
present
2 Sprite 21 CO2 is
present
3 Limca 35 CO2 is
present
4 Fanta 36 CO2 is
present
TEST OF GLUCOSE
Experiment:-Small sample of each brand of cold drink
is taken in the test tube and a few drops of Fehling’s A
and B is added to each test tube and heated on water
for 10 minutes. The presence of glucose is indicated by
formation of reddish brown ppt.
[Link] Brand of Drink Observation Inference
1 Coca Cola Reddish Glucose
brown ppt is
present
2 Sprite Reddish Glucose
brown ppt is
present
3 Limca Reddish Glucose
brown ppt is
present
5 Fanta Reddish Glucose
brown ppt is
present
TEST FOR PHOSPHATE
Experiment:- Take a sample of each cold drink in the
test tube and acidify by adding conc. HNO3 and
ammonium molybdate are added . Gently heat the test
tube. The presence of phosphate is indicated by
formation of bright yellow ppt. of ammonium
molybdate.
[Link] Name of Drink Observation Inference
1 Coca cola Bright yellow Phosphat
ppt observed e group
present
2 sprite Bright yellow Phosphat
ppt observed e group
present
3 Limca Bright yellow Phosphat
ppt observed e group
present
4 Fanta Bright yellow Phosphat
ppt observed e group
present
TEST OF ALCOHOL
Experiment:- Small samples of each brand of cold drink
is taken in the test tube and iodine followed by
potassium iodide and sodium hydroxide is added to the
test tube. The test tube is heated in a hot water batch
for 30 minutes . The presence of alcoholic groups is
indicated by formation of yellow coloured ppt.
[Link] Name of Drink Observation Inference
1 Coca cola yellow ppt Alcoholic
observed group
present
2 sprite yellow ppt Alcoholic
observed group
present
3 Limca yellow ppt Alcoholic
observed group
present
4 Fanta yellow ppt Alcoholic
observed group
present
TEST FOR SUCROSE
Experiment:- 5 ml of each brand of cold drink is taken
in a different china dish and heated very strongly until
change occurs. The presence of sucrose is indicated by
the formation of black coloured residue.
[Link] Name of Drink Observation Inference
1 Coca cola Black residue Sucrose
is
present
2 sprite Black residue Sucrose
is
present
3 Limca Black residue Sucrose
is
present
4 Fanta Black residue Sucrose
is
present
CONCLUSION
Cold drinks are generally acidic because of the presence
of citric acid and phosphoric acid. pH values of cold
drinks of different brands are different due to variation
in the amount of acidic content.
All the cold drinks contain dissolved C02 in water and
the carbon dioxide dissolved in water to form carbonic
acid which is responsible for its tangy taste.
CO2(g) +Ca(OH)2 (s) CaCO3 (s)+ H2O
All the cold drinks give a positive Fehling’s test for
glucose hence they all contain glucose.
All cold drinks gave positive tests for phosphate hence
they all contain phosphate groups.
All cold drinks gave positive tests for alcohol hence they
all contain alcohol.
CH3CH2OH + 4I2 + 6NaOH CHI3 + HCOONa + 5NaI +
5H2O
All brand of cold drink contain sucrose but the amount of
Sucrose varies in each brand.
RESULT
● Conducting above tests, it is concluded that the
different brands of cold drinks, i.e. Coca Cola, Limca,
Sprite & Fanta, contain glucose, alcohol, sucrose,
phosphate and carbon dioxide.
● All cold drinks are acidic in nature. On comparing the
pH value of different brands, Coca Cola is the most
acidic and Limca is the least acidic of all the four
brands taken.
● Among the different brands of cold drinks taken,
Sprite has the maximum amount of dissolved CO2
and Fanta has the minimum amount of dissolved
CO2.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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