DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL

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JSS 2BASIC 8)
BASIC TECHNOLOGY

DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL FIRST TERM BASIC TECHNOLOGY

CLASS: JS 2 (BASIC 8)

SCHEME OF WORK:

WEEK TOPIC

1. Revision of work done in JS1

2. First Aid: (a) Meaning and materials. (b) Application of simple first aid (c) ABC of
First Aid; Bleeding and breaks, circulation (pulses) (d) Application of ABC of First Aid.
3. Rescue operations: (a) meaning of rescue operation. (b) Different aspect of rescue
operation.
4. Rescue operations: (a) Securing the environment; vehicle and victims (b) steps
involved in rescue operation.
SUB- THEME: MATERIALS AND PROCESSING.

5. Materials and their common uses: (a) Wood; furniture, building construction, handle
of implements etc (b) Metals; household utensils, vehicle and ship parts.
6. Materials and their common use: (a) Brass; decorations, ammunitions, etc. (b)
Bronze; carving, statues and ornaments. (c) ceramics; tiles, household, utensils etc.
7. MID TERM BREAK
SUB- THEME : DRAWING PRACTICE.

8. Geometric Construction: Circles – parts of a circle ( diameter, radius, sector,

quadrant, circumference, etc. circle drawing, use of set square and compasses to
divide a circle into 4, 8 and12 parts.
9. Geometric Construction: Construction of tangent and normal to a circle; tangent at a
point of the circle, tangent from a point outside the circle and to one or two equal
circles.
10. REVISION
11 – 13 Examination.
WEEK: ONE
TOPIC: Revision of last term’s work
The Teacher should use discretion, knowing areas most students are still having difficulties in
last term’s work and re-teach or re-explain those areas within this week.

WEEK: TWO
TOPIC: FIRST AID AND FIRST AID MATERIALS
SUB-TOPICS:

1) First Aid Box and materials.

2) Application of simple First Aid

Sub-Topic I: First Aid Box and Materials

What is First Aid?

First aid is the emergency medical treatment given to a victim, who suddenly falls sick or
injured before thorough medical treatment is available to him or her. OR First Aid is the
immediate and temporary treatment given to a victim of an accident or sick person before
professional medical care is available.

Current ISO (International Standard Organization) recommends the use of a white cross against
a green background (or vice versa) as colours for identifying first aid kits.
Benefits of First Aid
1. It prevents loss of life of the injured person
2. It improves the vital signs of the patient such as breathing rate, temperature, pulse rate,
etc.
3. It assists the medical doctor with useful information.
4. It immediately stops the worsening of the condition of the injured person

First Aid Box

What is First Aid Box? First aid Box is a box that contains all the materials that are
needed for first aid emergency care.

FIRST AID BOX

Types of First Aid Box

1) Unit type: this is easily carried about from one place to another
2) Cabinet type: this cannot be moved from one place to another because of its
size.
Materials in First Aid Box

1) Sticking plasters: for dressing wounds.

2) Adhesive bandages: for dressing wounds.
3) Butterfly closure strips: used like stitches to close wounds.
4) Soap: used with water to clean superficial wounds once bleeding stops.
5) Antiseptics: used either as wipes or sprays to reduce the risk of infection.
6) Medications: Analgesics (Aspirin, Paracetamol, etc.), Rehydration salts, etc.
7) Alcohol pads: used as an antiseptic prior to administering injections.
8) Thermometer: for taking body temperatures.
9) Space blanket: to prevent cold in accident victims
10) Gloves: to protect the hands from contracting infections.
11) Cotton wool
12) Scissors
13) Safety pins
14) Razor blades
15) Methylated spirit
16) Hydrogen peroxide
17) Iodine
18) Lint/Guaze
19) Splints
20) Forceps
21) Sling
Sub-Topic II: Applications of Simple First Aid Measure.

1) Call medical Personal immediately.

2) Do first thing first, quickly, quietly and without panic.
3) Stop bleeding if there is any and look for all possible injuries and determine whether
they are internal, external or both.
4) Provide fresh air and remove tie, loosen belt, remove shoes (Except for an epileptic
fellow).
5) Give artificial respiration if breathing has stopped and remove the patient from the
point of injury.
6) Apply improvisation materials, in bleeding cases, use handkerchief, ties, head ties.
7) If injury is much/extensive, don’t allow the casualty to see it.
8) Be in control of yourself and do not panic, do not remove clothing unnecessarily and
get others to help if you can.
9) Reassure the casualty of his/her safety in order to lessen his/her anxiety and fear.
10) Arrange for the careful removal of the patient to the hospital.
11) Observe the victim if there is any strange bite.

ABC of first aid

A simple acronym which helps every first aider to remember a set of instructions to
follow in helping to provide care to traumatized victims of accidents is DR’S ABC.
Each letter of the word is an instruction about what to do. They are:
D – Danger: Before attending to a victim lying on the floor in distress, check for
danger by looking to the right, left and right again, to be sure no danger exists
in the environment.
R – Respond: You are to slightly tap the victim on the shoulder to see if there is
response.
S – Shout: Call for help immediately. If need be shout aloud.
 A – Airway: Check if the airway is clear by removing any object in the mouth, be it
sweet, food, or any other material. Slowly push the head of the patient
backward.
B – Breathing: Check the breathing of the victim by placing your cheek close to the
mouth, while at the same time watching the chest to see if it is rising and falling.
C – Circulation: If the patient’s breathing has ceased, he or she may be having a
cardiac arrest or what is called hypoxeal (inadequate oxygen in the body’s
tissues). An immediate CPR (Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation) is necessary to
restore the flow of oxygen through the blood so as to prevent death of tissues.

WOUND: This is an abnormal break in the continuity of the body, which permits the
escape of blood, externally or internally and may allow the entrance of germs
causing infection.
TYPES OF WOUND
(1) Incised or clean cut.
(2) Lacerated or Torn cut.
(3) Abrasion.
(4) Punctured or stab.

BLEEDING: This occur when blood comes out from the nose of the victim. It is
caused by an injury to the nose e.g. a sharp blow to the nose, irritation, high blood
pressure, tuberculosis and syphilis.

Some Conditions that require Simple First Aid

1) Motor accidents
2) Workshop accidents
3) Injury from electric shock
4) Severe bleeding
5) Burns.

EVALUATION

1) Define First Aid

2) Mention five first aid material and their uses

READING ASSIGNMENT:

The students should read about Rescue Operation, its aim and aspects from Basic science and
technology for junior secondary schools 2, page 7 – 10.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1) What is First Aid

 2) State four benefits of First Aid
3) Mention five First Aid Materials and state their functions

WEEK: THREE
TOPIC: RESCUE OPERATIONS.
SUB-TOPICS: (a) Meaning of rescue operation (b) Different aspect of rescue operation

Content Development (Notes for first lesson/period one).

Meaning of rescue operation: Rescue operation can be described as any effort put in
place, act as a remedy for a bad situation either to save life or properties or both as the case
may be. OR procedures and processes involved in planning, reaching and extricating trapped
victims of disaster and safely managing both casualties and hazards at the sight of the
incidence.

The rescue workers include:

1. Sympathizing responders
2. Rescue agencies which includes:
(a) NEMA (National Emergency Management Agency)
(b) FRSC (Federal Road Safety Corps)
(c) Federal and State Ambulance workers
(d) Road Rescue Marshal
(e) NPF (Nigerian Police Force)
(f) NRCS (Nigerian Red Cross Society)
(g) Federal and State Fire Service
(h) NSCDC (National Security and Civil Defence Corps)

DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF RESCUE OPERATIONS

1. Preparation and selection of rescue equipment.

2. Establishment and management of safe rescue scenes
a. Securing the environments
b. Securing the vehicles
c. Securing the victims
3. Management and transfer of casualties

AIM/PURPOSE OF RESCUE OPERATION:

1. It is to supply a prompt response that will minimize human suffering from injuries.
2. To preserve human lives that could be lost without immediate medical attention.
3. To provide some respect to the remains of the unfortunate victims in the instance of the
tragic event.

EVALUATION.

1) Define rescue operation.

2) State thee aims/ purpose/reasons for rescue operation.
3) Itemize the three aspects of rescue operation.

WEEK: FOUR
TOPIC: RESCUE OPERATIONS.
SUB-TOPICS:

1) (a) Steps involved in environmental rescue operation. (b) Steps involved in vehicles
rescue operations.
2) (c) Steps involved in victims rescue operations.
DIFFERENT ASPECT OF RESCUE OPERATION

Different aspect of rescue operation includes:

i. Securing the environment
ii. Vehicles and
iii. Victims
(a) Steps involved in environmental rescue operations.
The following are steps involved in environmental rescue operations;

(i) Working area must be established to be safe in order to prevent injury to self and others.

(ii) Organized standards and procedures are put in place to prevent movement of vehicles during access
of people and people are also restricted to move or cross the express roads.

(iii) Hazards are minimized during the rescue operation to prevent injury to self or others.

(iv) Scene management procedures are followed in accordance with organizational procedures and legal
requirements.

(v) The violent scene is prepared to facilitate the prompt and safe rescue of casualties.

(b) Steps involved in vehicles rescue operations.

(i) Access plan are determined in consultation with team leader and medical staff.

(ii) There must be procedures to be implemented to protect the casualties from further injury or pain
during access and removal.
(iii) Casualties are removed from scene through good access path using fitting rescue techniques and
equipment

(iv) Casualties are removed from vehicles using befitting rescue removal techniques and equipment.

(v) In case of fire, notify fire department, remove the injured from vehicles.

PERIOD 2.

(c) Steps involved in victims rescue operations.

(i) Casualties are checked and stabilized to lessen discomfort during rescue operation.

(ii) Nature of injuries/entrapment is ascertained to develop an extrication plan.

(iii) Support is provided to medical personnel assisting with the treatment of the entrapped person(s) as
required.

(iv) There should be care for injured and the dead.

(v) Considered other related safety factors and take appropriate action.

(vi) Administer first aid, call for additional medical personnel if available. Do not hurriedly remove the
seriously injured from vehicle except in case of fire.

(vii) Check surrounding area for person who may have been injured in accident.

(viii) Move the victim to the hospital and the dead to the mortuary
 .

RESCUE OPERATIONS

EVALUATIION.

(i) State three steps involved in environmental rescue operation.

(ii) Mention five steps involved in victims rescue operation.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT.

)i) Itemize five steps involved in accident victim rescue operation.

(ii) What is vehicle extrication?

WEEK: FIVE
DATE:
TOPIC: USES OF MATERIALS - WOOD
SUB-TOPICS:
 1) Uses of Wood
2) Uses of Wood (cont’d)

Content Development (NOTES FOR FIRST LESSON/PERIOD ONE)

Sub-Topic I: Uses of Wood

Wood is used in following areas:

i. Furniture making for homes and offices – woods are used to make beds, tables,
chairs, cabinets and other pieces of furniture in homes
ii. Building construction – wood is used to construct windows, doors, door frames and
window frames. We also use wood for the ceiling and roofing of houses, wall
paneling, and industrial and offices purposes.
iii. Industrial Building – many industries are made of wood or have wooden parts.
iv. Construction of Joints – many joints are made of wood. A good example is the
staircases in our homes
v. Packaging – crates, pallets, packaging cases etc.
vi. Transport industry – the bodies of some Railway wagons, coaches, lorry and
sleepers are made of wood.
vii. Bridges and Poles – Most farm bridges and bridges across the roads in villages are
made of wood. Also, some electric poles and railway.
viii. Pulp and Paper – Exercise books, textbooks, newspapers, magazines are made from
pulp and paper derived from wood.
Evaluation
List 5 areas where wood is used.

Sub-Topic II: Uses of Wood (cont’d)

ix) Medicine – When people have their arms or legs amputated (cut off) such are usually
replaced by artificial limbs made from wood.
x) Clothing – Most heels and some soles of shoes are made from wood. The rayon
stockings and shirts that we wear are made from wood.
xi) Handles of implements – wood is a poor conductor of heat and is lighter than metal.
Handles for hammers, pick-axes, felling axes, screwdrivers and many other tools are made from
wood.
xii) Packaging (wood containers) :- some packaging cases and creates are made of wood.
These serve as storage
xiii) Carving and Sculpture:- wood is used in carving and sculpture. It is admired and the
beauty is seen wherever they are placed.
 xiv) Sport equipment:- wood is used to make sports equipment such as parallel bars, hockey
sticks, bats, tennis and squash rackets frames.

Evaluation
Draw five items made from wood
Reading Assignment: NERDC Basic Technology for Junior Secondary Schools 2 Chapter 3 pages
16 - 18

Weekend Assignment

1. These are the uses of wood except ______ (a) furniture (b) pulp and paper (c) clothing
(e) eating
2. Wood is used to make some sports equipment. Which of these is not made of wood
(a) Hockey stick (b) Net (c) Table tennis bats(d) Tennis racket frame
3. A major raw material for paper and pulp is
(a) Rubber (b) ceramics (c) wood (d) glass
Theory
List 10 areas where wood is used

WEEK: SIX
TOPIC: USES OF MATERIALS - METALS
SUB-TOPICS:

I) Common Uses of Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals

II) Brass
III) Bronze
Sub-Topic I: Common Uses of Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals

Metals could be ferrous when it contains iron and non-ferrous when it does not contain
iron. The things that we use that are made of metal or having metal parts in them are pots,
radio, television sets, knives and forks, bicycles and motor cars. The uses of some common
metals are as follows:
Ferrous Metal Uses
Mild steel General structural work, bolts, nuts, tubes, tin plate and
non-cutting tools.
Wrought iron Chairs, crane hooks, haulage gear and boiler plates.
Cast iron Cylinder blocks, piston rings, vice bodies, machine tool
 beds, marking-out tables and surface plates.
Medium carbon steel Nails, hammers, screws, springs and tensile wires
High carbon steel Pliers, cutting tool, chisels, taps, hacksaw blades punches,
knives

Materials made from wrought iron.

Non-ferrous metals Uses

Copper Wires, boxes, electrical points, bowls, water pipes
Lead Battery element, water piping, sheeting for roofing
Aluminium Aircraft parts, engine parts, boxes, bowls and water pipes
Zinc Roofing sheets, containers, base for many alloys.
Tin Base for many alloys

Non-ferrous metals
Sub-Topic II: Brass
Brass:- It is an alloy of zinc and copper is used as a decorative material when properly finished.
It is used for ammunition shells and bomb shells, during wartime
Bronze:- is another alloy. This is a combination of copper and tin, which is used for casting
statues, plaques, ornaments, ship propellers etc. It is also used for medals given to sportsmen
and women who take third position in sporting events
Sub-Topic III: USES OF MATERIALS – CERAMICS, RUBBER AND PLASTICS
SUB-TOPICS:
Ceramics
Ceramic is a material made of clay and cement that has been made permanently hard by heat
Properties of ceramics
1. Heat-resistant (they do not allow heat to pass through easily)
2. Brittle (they break easily)
3. Heavy
4. Resistant to corrosion ( they do not rust)
5. They can be decorated in a wide range of colours, textures and design
Uses of ceramics
Bricks and Tiles
Fried bricks are used in modern construction work. They have an added advantage over cement
bricks in that if properly laid, there is no need to paint them. Glazed tiles are very common in
the house e.g. floor tiles, wall tiles and sanitary tiles
Refractory and insulation
Specially fried bricks are used for the inner lining of furnaces used for melting. This is as a result
of their high fire resistant ability and their insulating property.
Household utensils
Ceramics are used in the production of chinaware, earthenware, stone ware and porcelain. All
these are molded into beautiful decorated jugs, plates and ashtrays for domestic use.
Ceramics for Electrical Purposes
These consist of high voltage materials such as those used as insulators on pylons, and low
voltage materials for small electric components as in capacitors and magnets. They are also
used in manufacture of sparking plugs used in motor vehicles.
Sub- topic IV: Rubber
Rubber is a material which can be compressed or stretched. You must have observed that a
compressed or stretched piece or strip of rubber returns to its original size when you remove
the applied force on it. The main reason for this is that rubber is more elastic than other
engineering materials.
There are two types of rubber, namely natural rubber and synthetic rubber. In Nigeria, natural
rubber is made from the milky white liquid of rubber trees called latex. Synthetic rubber is
made from petroleum. Synthetic rubber is also known as elastomer.
Properties of Rubber
1. elastic
2. water resistant
3. light and will float when put in water
4. a poor conductor of electricity
Products made from rubber are found in our homes and they vary.
1. football
2. shoe heels and soles
3. tyres
4. vee-belts
5. water hoses
6. shock- dampers and engine mountings
 PRODUCT OF RUBBER

Sub-Topic V: Plastics
Plastics are made from chemical s we get from crude oil. Types of Plastics are gotten by mixing
these chemicals in different ways.
Plastics can be divided into two main groups:
1. Thermoplastics
2. Thermosets
Thermoplastics: They become soft and melt when heated. They can then be formed into
desired shapes. The plastics harden when cooled. Heating and cooling can be done over and
over again. Examples are nylon, polythene etc

Thermosets: Thermosets (thermosetting) only char at high temperature but do not melt. Once
the material softens on heating, it can be molded. Thermoset can be moulded only once.
Examples are phenol formaldehyde, polyester resin etc

Properties of Plastics

1. resistant to corrosion
2. elastic
3. flexible
4. light
5. transparent
6. attractive and easy to clean
7. resistant to electricity
8. can take complex shapes

Uses of plastics
Household
Items such as buckets, shopping-bags, cups, spoons and water bottles are made of plastics. So
are water-pipes, storage boxes, foam mattresses etc
Automobiles
Some parts in aircraft and automobiles are made of plastic. They are wire insulation, hoes,
accelerator and clutch pedal covers, fuels filters and
many others.
Industrial
Nowadays, plastic containers are used in breweries and bottling companies for carrying bottles.
In some cases, plastics are now replacing glass bottles for the storage of industrial products.

Some of the things made from plastics are shown below:

Evaluation
Mention 2 ferrous and non-ferrous metals and their uses

Reading Assignment
Weekend Assignment
1. List two uses of each of the following ferrous metal
(i) Cast iron
(ii) High carbon steel
(iii) Medium carbon steel
(iv) Wrought iron
2. Name two types of non-ferrous alloys and list three uses of each type
3. List five uses of metals in the engineering workshop
 Evaluation

1. State the 3 properties of ceramics

2. Mention 5 uses of rubber

Weekend Assignment
1. Which of the following is not used in making glass?
(a) Sand (b) lime (c) Potash (d) Clay
2. Which of the following is not used in making ceramics?
(a) Lime (b) Clay (c) Cement (d) Mud
3. The Following are products of ceramics, except
(a) Flower vase (b) tiles (c) wash basin (d) electric bulb
4. A major property which distinguishes ceramics from wood, metal, plastic and rubber is
being
(a) A good conductor (b)brittle (c) resistance to corrosion (d) a poor conductor
5. Synthetic rubber is obtained from?
(a) Ore (b) plants (c) petroleum (d) palm oil
Essay

1. Name the two types of plastics and distinguish between them

2. List five uses of ceramics

WEEK SEVEN: MID TERM BREAK

WEEK: EIGHT
TOPIC: CIRCLES
SUB-TOPICS:
1. Circle and its parts
2. Division of a Circle into equal parts
Sub-Topic I: Circle and its parts
A Circle is a plane figure bounded by a curved line called the circumference.
Parts of a Circle

The following are the various parts of a circle:

1. Diameter: The diameter is a straight line drawn through the center of a circle and
meeting the circumference at both ends.

2. Radius: The radius is a straight line drawn from the center of a circle to any point on the
circumference of the circle. A radius is always half of the circle’s diameter.
 G

3. Segment: This is an area of the circle bounded by an arc and a chord

4. Chord: The chord is a straight line which joins any two given points on the
circumference of a circle.

5. Sector: This is the part of a circle bounded by two radii and an arc.
6. Quadrant: The quadrant is the part of a circle bounded by two radii which are at right
angles to each other, and bounded by an arc. A quadrant is a quarter of the circle.
7. Tangent: The tangent is usually formed outside the circle. When a straight line touches
the circumference of the circle, a tangent is formed. However, that line must be at right
angle to a radius.
 Evaluation

Describe 5 parts of a circle

Sub-Topic II: Division of a Circle into Equal Parts

For dividing a circle into equal parts; the setsquare, tee-square or pair of compasses can be
used.
Dividing A Circle into four Equal Parts
Steps
1. Draw the given circle with Center O
2. Draw a diameter AOB
3. Draw another diameter COD perpendicular to AOB
4. Lines AOB and COD divide the circle into four equal parts

Dividing a Circle into Eight Equal Parts

Steps
1. Draw the given circle with center O
2. Divide the circle into four equal parts
3. Using a pair of compasses, bisect angles AOC and COB and project the lines to meet the
circle at both ends at points D, E, F and G

Dividing a Circle into Six Equal Parts

Steps
1. Draw the given circle with center O
2. Using a pair of compasses, take the radius of the circle and step it off six times on the
circumference at points ABCDEF

Dividing a Circle into Twelve Equal Parts

Steps
1. Draw a given circle with center O
2. Divide the circle into six equal parts
3. Using a pair of compasses, bisect angles AOF, FOE and EOD and project the lines to meet
the circle at both ends

Evaluation
Divide a circle of radius 8cm into eight equal parts
Reading Assignment
NERDC Basic Technology for Junior Secondary School 2 Chapter 6 Pages 40 – 46
Weekend Assignment
1. Draw a circle and identify its various parts
2. Divide a circle of diameter 12cm into 12 equal parts

WEEK NINE
CLASS: JS TWO
TOPIC: CIRCLES (cont’d)
SUB-TOPICS:
A. Tangent and Normal to a circle
B. Construction of Tangent and Normal to a circle

Content Development (NOTES FOR FIRST LESSON/PERIOD ONE)

Sub-Topic I: Tangent and Normal to a Circle
A tangent is a straight line that touches the circumference of a circle. It is usually at right angles
to the radius of the circle.
A normal is a straight line which joins the center of a circle to the tangent at the point of
tangency.
Evaluation
Draw a circle indicating its tangent and normal to the tangent
Content Development (NOTES FOR SECOND LESSON/PERIOD TWO)
Sub-Topic II: Construction of Tangent and Normal to a circle
Tangent to a circle from a point on the circumference
Steps
i. Draw the circle with center O
ii. Mark the given point A on the circumference
iii. Join OA and extends it outwards
iv. With A as center and radius OA, draw an arc to cut the extended line at B
v. The perpendicular bisector of OB is the required tangent
vi. CD is the tangent to the circle at point A while OB is the normal

Tangent to a circle from a given point outside the circle

Steps
a. Draw the given circle with center O
b. Locate point A outside the circle
c. Draw line OA
d. Construct a semicircle on OA to intersect the given circle at B
e. Line AB is the required tangent to the circle
 Tangent to two Equal Circles
Steps
a) Draw the two circles with centers A and B respectively
b) Draw line AB to join the two centers
c) Draw a line perpendicular to AB at A to intersect the first circle at D
d) Draw a line perpendicular to AB at B to intersect the second circle at C
e) CD is the required tangent

Evaluation

a) Construct a tangent to a circle of radius 4cm at any point on the circumference.

Indicate also the normal
 b) Construct a tangent to a circle of diameter 10cm at any point of your choice
outside the circle. Indicate also the normal
Reading Assignment
NERDC Basic Technology for Junior Secondary School 2 Chapter 6 Pages 40 – 46
Weekend Assignment
Construct the tangent to two circles, each of diameter 5cm, indicating the normals

WEEK 10 : Revision
WEEK 11 – 13 EXAMINATION.