Surface texture * The characteristic quality of an actual surface due to small departures from its general geometrical form a pattern or texture on the surface » The problem is basically geometrical * They are classified as follows |. First order — due to inaccuracy of machine tool 2. Second order-due to vibration of any kind s. Third order-due to characteristic property of machine Fourth order-due to rupture of materialSurface finish terminology . Roughness . Waviness . Surface . Actual surface . Nominal surface / . Roughness height = . Roughness width rages | | . Roughness width cut-off « . Waviness height [Link] height [Link] [Link] line [Link] profile lay WOMAN DUN fPWN ReMethods of measuring surface finish 1. Surface inspection by comparison method 2. Direct instrument measurement Other methods of measuring surface finishComparison methods 1. Touch inspection: * In this method finger tip is moved at a speed of 25mm per second and irregularities upto 0.01mm can be measured. 2. Visual inspection: * Means visualizing by naked eyes and is just a subjective evaluation.Comparison methods 3. Scratch inspection » Lead or babbit or plastic is moved along the surface to be inspected. 4, Microscopic inspection » Microscope can only measure small surface. * Compared with a master surface. » 5. Surface photograph » Magnified photograph with different illumination are taken.Comparison methods 6. Micro interferometer In this method an optical face is placed on the surface to be inspected and illuminated by a monochromatic light and then interference band are studied by microscope. 7. Wallace dynamometer It consists of a pendulum which is lifted to initial positionand allowed to swing over testing surface. Surface smoothness is determined by friction as swing time is a direct measure of surface finish.Comparison methods 8. Reflected light intensity » Inthis method a beam of light(known qty.) is projected upon surface and is reflected in several directions as beams of lesser intensity and change in length in different directions is measured by photocell.Direct instrument measuring method 1. Profilometer * Commonly used in U.S.A. for direct measurement of surface quality * This instrument is best suited for measuring surface finish of deep bores.Direct instrument measuring method 2. Tomlinson Surface Tester * Design by Dr. Tomlinson. * Itis reliable and cheaper. * It is slow in operation. » Not suitable for continuous use. » Delicate and requires great care.Direct instrument measuring method LEAP SPRING SLAPPED STEEL cyunper = Sautw ‘vata | eoteesDirect instrument measuring method 3. The Taylor-Hobson Talysurf » The Talysurf is an electronic instrument working on carrier modulating principle. » Microprocessors have made available complete statistical multi-trace systems measuring several places over a given area and can provide standard deviations and average over area-type readings and define complete surface characterisation.Direct instrument measuring methodDirect instrument measuring method 4, ProfilographDirect instrument measuring method 5. Light cross section method \ | 6a "| OBueCTVE a ep a\ltAg — | ust wenn: MiOther methods for measuring surface roughness * 1, Pneumatic metho SEE AUGNING EAD * Also known as air leakage method » Pneumatic comparato ney is used » Air discharge is saute measured by a special [uit variable air flow mete WURFACE TO be TESTLYOther methods for measuring surface roughness 2 Light interference microscope * It isa non contact process * It is directly related to RA value Polarized Light Microscope Configuration * Good resolution can give scratch spacing of 0.5 micrometer.Mecrin instrument * This instrument assesses the surface through its frictional property and the average slope of the irregularities Ra values ranges from 3-5 micrometerAdverse effect of poor surface finish 1, Fatigue strength » High surface finish increase fatigue strength 2. Wear resistance * Decreases with poor surface finish 3. Corrosion resistance * Decreases with poor surface finishThank you