Joint Precision Approach and Landing System (JPALS)

Land-Based JPALS Aircraft Integration

Brian Pierce CNS/ATM Conference Orlando, FL
ESC/HBAB June 14-16, 2011
DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. (Case Number: 66ABW-2011-0702)

Agenda
DGPS Overview

Land-Based JPALS Capabilities (Aircraft Perspective)

Interoperability and the AIG

Land-Based JPALS Aircraft System

GPS, Data Link & Processor Subsystems Air Force Lead Platform Avionics Risk Reduction

DGPS System Overview

GPS Satellites

Aircraft with DGPS Airborne System

1. Airborne GPS receiver applies accuracy & integrity data from ground station data broadcast DGPS position is compared to approach path defined by ground station broadcast Lateral/vertical guidance deviations are generated
Datalink Tx
Processor
GPS Rx (X4)

DGPS Ground Station

1. 2. 3. Ground station generates differential corrections Integrity of GPS satellite signals is continuously monitored Approach Path data is stored and provided to the aircraft
3

2.

3.

Land-Based Capabilities
Civil GBAS defined in ICAO SARPS Annex 10 and RTCA MOPS (DO-253C) and ICD (DO-246D)
Uses C/A-code (L1) only Processing algorithms, inputs/outputs VHF Data Broadcast (VDB) structure and data content

Military GBAS will be defined by Land-Based JPALS contractor in an Interface Control Document (ICD)

Uses P(Y)-code (most likely dual frequency) Processing algorithms, inputs/outputs Encrypted UHF data link structure defined in SRD Data content defined in ICD

Ship Relative Navigation will be defined by JPALS Increment 1A

Range and Bearing to the Ship using GMSK-25 Data Link

Civil SBAS Beta 3 Sensor

Supports en-route, LPV and LPV-200 capabilities
4

JPALS Interoperability
Military Aircraft (Sea-Based JPALS capable) Military Aircraft (Land-Based JPALS capable) Civil Aircraft (GBAS capable)

UHF encrypted, 1.2 MHz GMSK, P(Y)-code shipboard relative corrections and surveillance data

UHF encrypted, 25 KHz GMSK, Ship Range & Bearing

UHF encrypted, 25 kHz D8PSK, P(Y)-code corrections

VHF unencrypted, 25 kHz D8PSK, C/A-code corrections per ICAO SARPS

JPALS equipped Ship

Military Airport with JPALS Ground System

Civil Airport with GBAS Ground System

Aircraft Integration Guide Concept

Aircraft System design flexibility extremely important
Large variation in aircraft architectures and mission requirements Federated & integrated implementations on the aircraft possible Aircraft platforms dictate level of performance desired in GPS threat environment; will drive aircraft GPS receiver and anti-jam technology
Aircraft Integration Guide

Aircraft Program Offices

Civil GBAS

Yes

GBAS ICAO SARPS and RTCA MOPS & ICD Do Nothing

No
SBAS

Yes

SBAS ICAO SARPS and RTCA MOPS

No

Do Nothing

Ship Rel Nav

Yes

Sea Based JPALS Ship Rel Nav Specifications Do Nothing LB JPALS Aircraft Integration Requirements Spec (AIRS) Do Nothing

No Yes

Etc.

Military GBAS

Civil Aviation Community Land-Based JPALS PO Contractor Developed

No

Aircraft System
Aircraft System will consist of:
C/A and P(Y) capable GPS Receiver (s) with antenna (possibly AJ capable) Data Link Receivers (UHF and VHF) Navigation Processor for civil mode and military mode processing of differential GPS corrections, integrity monitoring and approach path generation

Aircraft System Cockpit Interfaces

Integration with Primary Flight Displays (PFD), same display as ILS Integration with Tuning Controls, same five digit entry and mode select as ILS

Integration with Autopilot, same autopilot input scaling as ILS Integration with Warning and Caution System, same as ILS

AS Functional Block Diagram

Civil Data Link Subsystem
VDB Data Link Receiver Processor Subsystem UDB Data Link Receiver GMSK-25 Data Link Receiver Military Data Link Subsystem
Approach Path Guidance

GPS Antenna

Antenna Electronics GPS Subsystem

Beta 3 SBAS C/A & P(Y) GPS Receiver

VHF Data Link Antenna

Control and Display Interfaces

UHF Data Link Antenna

Aircraft System Software Functions

C/A-code Measurement Processing C/A-code Navigation Solution C/A-code Integrity P(Y)-code Measurement Processing P(Y)-code Navigation Solution P(Y)-code Integrity P(Y)-code RFI Characterization P(Y)-code Emerg. Threat Detection (Military GBAS) Ship Rel Nav SS-200 Processing

Control & Status Software

(Civil GBAS)

(Ship Rel Nav)

(Common)

Aircraft Architecture Overview

UHF Data Link Antenna UDB Data Link Receiver GMSK-25 Data Link Receiver Military Unique Functions
Aircraft Guidance Interface

XOR

Processor Subsystem

Civil Functions VHF Data Link Antenna VDB Data Link Receiver
Aircraft Control Interface

GPS Antenna

Antenna Electronics GPS Subsystem

Beta 3 SBAS C/A & P(Y) GPS Receiver

GPS Subsystem Details

Tracks C/A and P(Y)code signals from multiple GPS satellites Outputs GPS pseudorange, carrier phase measurements, and navigation message data

GPS Antenna

Antenna Electronics GPS Subsystem

Beta 3 SBAS C/A & P(Y) GPS Receiver

GPS Antenna

GPS Receiver
Rockwell Collins GEM

Aircraft FRPA Antennas

AE

ADAP AE with ADAP CRPA and Separate GPS Receiver

Trimble Force 524D

Hardware/Software Dependent On Desired GPS Anti-Jam Capability

10

GPS Subsystem Details

Four possible configurations (Each with increasing Anti-Jam capability)
FRPA Antenna RF (L1 and/or L2) Multi-channel P(Y)-code Receiver

Receivers with Integrated Digital Nulling and Beamsteering AE

RF (L1 and/or L2) CRPA Antenna RF (L1 and/or L2) CRPA Antenna Digital Nulling AE Analog Nulling AE

RF (L1 and/or L2) Multi-channel P(Y)-code Receiver RF (L1 and/or L2) Multi-channel P(Y)-code Receiver

Raytheon DAR

RF (L1 and L2)

High Speed Serial Digital

CRPA Antenna

Digital Nulling & Beamsteering AE

Multi-channel P(Y)-code Receiver

Rockwell Collins DIGAR

OR
RF (L1 and L2) CRPA Antenna Multi-channel P(Y)-code Receiver with integrated Digital Nulling and Beamsteering AE

Lockheed Martin G-STAR

11

Data Link Subsystem Details

VHF and/or UHF Data Link Antenna UDB, GMSK-25, and/or VDB Data Link Receiver

GPS Corrections, Integrity Data and Approach Path Data

HPOL VHF Rx Antenna

VPOL VHF Rx Antenna

Military and/or Civil Data Link Subsystem

Honeywell H764 EGI with MMR VPOL UHF Rx Antenna Raytheon ARC-231

BAE MMR-2055

Rockwell Collins ARC-210

VHF antenna and civil data link receiver needed to decode VDB uplink data Defined in RTCA DO-246D UHF antenna and military mode data link receiver needed to decrypt and decode UHF uplink data
Data link physical structure (modulation, bandwidth, encryption, etc.) defined in Land-Based JPALS System Requirements Document (FY11) Data link data content defined by Land-Based JPALS contractor (FY14)

12

Processor Subsystem Details

Aircrew mode and channel selection inputs

GPS Corrections, Integrity Data and Approach Path Data

Processor Subsystem

Generates lateral/vertical deviations and range-togo guidance

GPS pseudorange, carrier phase measurements, and navigation message data

Calculates differentially corrected position solution Performs integrity monitoring and generates alerts Formats precision approach path data Does NOT interact with aircraft aeronautical database
13

Air Force Lead Platform

HQ USAF A3/5 (Gen Breedlove) message to AMC/ACC/AETC to nominate primary and alternate lead platforms for JPALS
AMC C-130J as primary, C-27J as alternate ACC F-35 as primary, no alternate AETC T-1 as primary, T-6 as alternate

Evaluated based on accommodation of JPALS in existing avionics architecture by ESC

Recommendation was C-130J as JPALS Lead Platform Coordinated with AMC, ASC and ANG by AF A3O-B A3O-B has the action to send the package forward for A3/5 signature

TIMs with Lockheed Martin Aerospace and ASC/WLNNA (C-130J) indicated a study is required to select between an MMR or EGI based architecture Discussions with platforms indicate a preference for one box solutions versus a federated approach one box solutions can save integration costs

14

Avionics Risk Reduction (BAE)

BAE Systems Precision Landing Systems Receiver (PLSR)
Promising solution that could be used by all Services for Land-Based applications Technology shared with other BAE products such as Army Doppler GNS Existing Avionics on:

C-17 F-16 Block 50/55/60 (Intl) P-3C B-52 E-2D

Work Plan - Prototype a UHF radio capability and a C/A and P(Y) Code GPS Receiver for the PLSR. Perform trade studies to assess establishing a full Land-Based JPALS Aircraft System capability within the PLSR. Goal Achieve a laboratory test of the prototype JPALS PLSR. Complete trade studies and analysis that identify the gaps for closure to fully integrate a Land-Based JPALS Aircraft System within the PLSR.
15

Avionics Risk Reduction (NGRS)

Northrop Grumman Radio Systems UDB Demonstration
Work Plan
Porting the JSF UDB software waveform to NGRS Software Defined Tactical Radio (SDTR) 2 SDTRs used for end-to end link demonstration to include threat analysis

5.6"

Contract option for flight demonstration Looking at flight demonstration with SDTR on 9.85" ground and BAE MMR in the air 5.0" Pathfinder towards JTRS implementation Goal Gather data to ensure UDB will meet Land-Based JPALS Increment 2 requirements. Supports finalizing the LB JPALS System Requirements Document.

16

Avionics Risk Reduction (HI)

Honeywell - Embedded GPS/INS (H-764) with MMR Top-Hat
JPALS Army Risk Reduction (JARR) effort preceded the JCATD
Established MMR Prototype VHF Data Broadcast (VDB - LAAS) System Engineering

Army JPALS Common Avionics Technology Development (JCATD)

Architecture Description to Standardize the EGI+JPALS to Single Configuration feasibility analysis MMR Prototype Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) System Engineering

MMR Prototype Sea Based and Land Based UHF Crypto System Engineering
Evaluate SBAS (WAAS) Capability IAW MSO-C145 M-Code GPS Receiver JPALS Requirements Definition SAS A/J GPS Antenna AoA and Flight Testing

JPALS Data link ARC-231 Implementation Assessment

JPALS EGI Navigation Error Budget Continuation of SRGPS AIG Support

17

Avionics Risk Reduction (Government)

Joint Service JPALS Aircraft Integration Working Group (AIWG)

Meet several times a year (attempt is for quarterly meetings) to:

Review Avionics risk reduction activities Coordinate development of platform integration estimates Examine Lead Platform schedules and technical solutions Discuss Test Program platform support Discuss avionics and aircraft integration related risks

Participants
Principals
ESC/HBA PMA 213 PM AME

Invited Participants
C-130J AFRL PMA-209

18

Summary
Land-Based JPALS is not developing a dedicated JPALS LRU Platforms are expressing the greatest interest in single LRU JPALS solutions based on existing avionics Civil modes enable JPALS equipped aircraft to land at civil airfields:
Equipped with GBAS/LAAS ground system Where WAAS LPV-200 approaches have been TERPSd

LB JPALS aircraft will operate in military mode when supporting critical military ops per CJCSI 6130.01 Does NOT interact with aircraft aeronautical database Detailed AIG should be available in FY14 Air Force and DoD need to understand platform integration costs
ESC/HBAB working on Air Fleet costs Technical architecture coordination with platforms is vital Assistance in reviewing/adjusting cost methodology is also necessary

The JPALS Program Office Is Here To Help Aircraft Platforms Evaluate Integration Alternatives

19