WASTE MANAGEMENT RULES

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT RULES 2016

➢ Replaced the Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000
➢ Applicable beyond municipal areas and have included urban agglomerations,
census towns, notified industrial townships etc.
➢ Focusses on segregation of waste at source.
➢ Segregate waste into three streams- Biodegradables, Dry and Domestic
Hazardous waste.
➢ Commercial establishments, event organizers have been directly made
responsible for segregation and sorting the waste and manage in partnership
with local bodies.
➢ All resident welfare and market associations and gated communities with an
area of above 5,000 sq m will have to segregate waste at source
➢ Collect Back scheme for packaging waste
➢ Local bodies across India to decide the user fees.
➢ Waste generator will have to pay “User Fee” to the waste collector and a “Spot
Fine” for littering and non-segregation.
➢ Integration of rag pickers, waste pickers and kabadiwalas from the informal
sector to the formal sector by the state government.
➢ Zero tolerance for throwing; burning, or burying the solid waste generated on
streets, open public spaces outside the generator’s premises, or in the drain, or
water bodies.
➢ Bio-degradable waste should be processed, treated and disposed of through
composting or bio-methanation
➢ The rules promote the use of compost, conversion of waste into energy
➢ MNRE should facilitate infrastructure creation for Waste to Energy plants and
provide appropriate subsidy or incentives.
➢ Revision of parameters for landfills location and capacity.
➢ construction of landfills on hills shall be avoided
➢ Constitution of Central Monitoring Committee under the chairmanship of
Secretary, MoEF&CC to monitor the overall implementation of the rules.
Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management & Trans boundary Movement) Rules,
2016

➢ Ambit of the Rules has been expanded by including ‘Other Waste’.

➢ Other wastes include:Waste tyre, paper waste, metal scrap, used electronic items, etc.
and are recognized resource for recycling and reuse
➢ Waste Management hierarchy in the sequence of priority of prevention, minimization,
reuse, recycling, recovery, co-processing; and safe disposal has been incorporated.
➢ The basic necessity of infrastructure to safeguard the health and environment from
waste processing industry has been prescribed as Standard Operating Procedure
(SOPs), specific to waste type.
➢ Single window clearance.
➢ Co-processing as preferential mechanism.
➢ The import of metal scrap, paper waste and various categories of electrical and
electronic equipments for re-use purpose has been exempted from the need of
obtaining Ministry’s permission.
➢ State Government is authorized to prepare integrated plan for effective implementation
of these provisions, and have to submit annual report to Ministry of Environment,
Forest and Climate Change.
➢ SPCB is mandated to prepare an annual inventory and submit to the CBCB by the 30th
day of September every year.
➢ The state authorities have been asked to register the workers involved in recycling,
undertake industrial skill development activities and ensure safety and health of
workers.
➢ The following items have been prohibited for import:

a. Waste edible fats and oil of animals, or vegetable origin;

b. Household waste;

c. Critical Care Medical equipment;

d. Tyres for direct re-use purpose;

e. Solid Plastic wastes including Pet bottles;

 f. Waste electrical and electronic assemblies scrap;

g. Other chemical wastes especially in solvent form.

Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management& Trans boundary Movement)

Amendment Rules, 2019

➢ Solid plastic waste has been prohibited from import into the country including in
Special Economic Zones (SEZ) and by Export Oriented Units (EOU).
➢ Exporters of silk waste have now been given exemption from requiring permission
from the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
➢ Electrical and electronic assemblies and components manufactured in and exported
from India, if found defective can now be imported back into the country, within a year
of export, without obtaining permission from the Ministry of Environment, Forest and
Climate Change.
➢ Industries which do not require consent under Water (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act 1974 and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981, are now
exempted from requiring authorization also under the Hazardous and Other Wastes
(Management & Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016, provided that hazardous and
other wastes generated by such industries are handed over to the authorized actual
users, waste collectors or disposal facilities

Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules 2016

➢ The ambit of the rules has been expanded to include vaccination camps, blood
donation camps, surgical camps or any other healthcare activity;
➢ Phase-out the use of chlorinated plastic bags, gloves and blood bags within two
years;
➢ Pre-treatment of the laboratory waste, microbiological waste, blood samples
and blood bags through sterilization on-site;
➢ Provide training to all its health care workers and immunize all health workers
regularly;
 ➢ Establish a Bar-Code System for bags or containers containing bio- medical
waste for disposal.
➢ Bio-medical waste has been classified in to 4 categories instead 10 to improve
the segregation of waste at source;
➢ Procedure to get authorization simplified.
➢ Inclusion of emission limits for Dioxin and furans;
➢ State Government to provide land for setting up common bio-medical waste
treatment and disposal facility;
➢ No occupier shall establish on-site treatment and disposal facility, if a service of
is available at a distance of seventy-five kilometer.
➢ Operator of a common bio-medical waste treatment and disposal facility to
ensure the timely collection of bio-medical waste from the HCFs

Bio-Medical Waste Management (Amendment) Rules,2018

➢ Phase out chlorinated plastic bags (excluding blood bags) and gloves by March
27, 2019.
➢ All healthcare facilities shall make available the annual report on its website
within a period of two years from the date of publication of the Bio-Medical
Waste Management (Amendment) Rules, 2018.
➢ Operators of common bio-medical waste treatment and disposal facilities shall
establish bar coding and global positioning system for handling of bio-medical
waste in accordance with guidelines issued by the Central Pollution Control
Board by March 27, 2019.
➢ Onsite pre-treatment by the occupier
➢ SPCB/PCC have to compile, review and analyze the information received and
send this information to the CPCB
➢ "E-waste" is a popular, informal name for electronic products nearing the end of
their "useful life.
➢ The hazardous content of these materials pose a threat to human health and
environment.
➢ Discarded computers, televisions,fax machines, electric lamps, cell phones,
audio equipment and batteries if improperly disposed can leach lead and other
substances into soil and groundwater.
➢ Many of these products can be reused, refurbished, or recycled in an
environmentally sound manner so that they are less harmful to the ecosystem

➢ Hazarduous components in E-waste :

• Mercury,
• Lead,
• Cadmium,
• Arsenic,
• Bromine,
• Beryllium
• Polychlorinated biphenyls
• Polychlorinated Diphenyl Ether
• polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
• Americium, etc,.

Valuable Metals in E-Waste

E-Waste Management Rules, 2022

Background

• India –third largest producer of electronic waste (e-waste) globally.

• In the fiscal year 2021-22, India generated around 1.6 million tonnes of e-waste, but
only 0.5 million tonnes were collected and processed.
• Indian government has introduced the E-Waste Management Rules, 2022, replacing the
2016 E-Waste Management Rules. These new rules came into effect on April 1, 2023.

Scope Of Application :
• Applicable only to manufacturers, producers, refurbishers, dismantlers, and
recyclers involved in the manufacture, sale, transfer, purchase, refurbishing,
dismantling, recycling, and processing of e-waste or electrical and electronic
equipment listed in Schedule I. (to improve regulatory oversight over the e-
waste ecosystem )

Scope Of E-Waste :
• The 2022 Rules have broadened their ambit to include over 106 types of
equipment compared to 21 equipments in 2016 Rules.
• The newly added equipment includes tablets, GPS, modems, electronic storage
devices, solar photovoltaic panels/cells/modules, air purifiers, leisure and sports
equipment, medical devices, laboratory instruments, and more.

Registration Requirements :
• E-Waste Management Rules of 2016 required producers to obtain authorization from
CPCB and Manufacturers, refurbishers, dismantlers, and recyclers, needed authorization
from the relevant SPCB or PCC.
• E-Waste Management Rules of 2022 require all regulated entities, including
manufacturers, producers, refurbishers, and recyclers, to register themselves on the
CPCB's online portal.
• Under the 2022 Rules, no entity falling under these categories can operate without
registration, and they cannot engage in any business with an unregistered entity.
E-Waste Management Compliances :
✓ E-waste target may be made stable for 2 years and starting from 60% for the
year 2023-2024 and 2024-25; 70% for the year 2025-26 and 2026-27 and 80% for
the year 2027-28 and 2028-29 and onwards.
✓ Producers must fulfil their EPR targets by purchasing EPR certificates online, only
from registered e-waste recyclers and submitting them by filing quarterly returns
on the CPCB portal.
✓ These certificates will be generated for recyclers and refurbishers based on the
number of Covered Items processed by them.

Management Of Solar Photovoltaic Modules, Panels, Or Cells:

• The 2022 Rules outline specific obligations for individuals or entities manufacturing or
producing solar photo-voltaic modules, panels, or cells.
• Such entities must register on the CPCB portal, maintain an inventory of these items on
the same portal, and follow CPCB guidelines for e-waste storage until 2034-35.
• They must also submit annual returns through the online portal. The 2016 Rules did not
include provisions regarding these specific responsibilities.

Bulk Consumer Definition And Responsibilities :

✓ E-Waste Management Rules, 2022 define 'bulk consumer’ -as an entity that has
used a minimum of one thousand units of electrical and electronic equipment
listed in Schedule I at any time in the particular financial year, including e-
retailers.
✓ They are now required to hand over their e-waste only to registered producers,
refurbishes, or recyclers.

E-Waste (Management) Amendment Rules, 2024

• The amendment provides that the Central Government may, if it is satisfied that it is
necessary so to do in the public interest or for effective implementation of these rules,
by order, relax any period within which any return or report is to be filed under these
rules by a manufacture, producer, refurbisher or recycler of electrical and electronic
equipment and components or consumables or parts or spares thereof, for a further
period not exceeding nine months.
 • The Central Government may by, order, establish one or more platform for exchange or
transfer of extended producer responsibility certificates in accordance with the
guidelines issued by the Central Pollution Control Board with the approval of the Central
Government.

Management of Plastic Waste

Highlights of Plastic Waste Management Rule 2016

➢ Increase minimum thickness of plastic carry bags from 40 to 50 microns and
stipulate minimum thickness of 50 micron for plastic sheets .
➢ Rural areas also are brought under the rules.
➢ Extended Producer Responsibility: Producers and brand owners are responsible
for collecting waste generated from their products.
➢ Collection of plastic waste management fee through pre-registration of the
producers, importers of plastic carry bags/multilayered packaging and
vendors/shopkeepers selling the same for establishing the waste management
system
 ➢ Road Construction: Local bodies shall encourage the use of plastic waste
(preferably the plastic waste which cannot be further recycled) for road
construction.
➢ Manufacture and use of non-recyclable multilayered plastic if any should be
phased out in two years’ time.
➢ Retailers or street vendors shall not sell commodities in carry bags, or plastic
sheet, or multilayered packaging, which are not manufactured and labelled or
marked, as prescribed under these rules.
➢ The responsibility to provide land for establishing waste management facility
has been made to the State Government.

PLASTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT (AMENDMENT) RULES, 2018

➢ New Central registration system-by CPCB for the registration of the
producer/importer/brand owner.
➢ Automation-any mechanism for the registration should be automated and should take
into account ease of doing business for producers, recyclers and manufacturers
➢ Pricing Mechanism-The rule for providing the plastic waste management fee, by the
vendors/shopkeepers who are willing to provide plastic bags, has been removed.
➢ Non-recyclable multi-layered plastic-The 2016 Rules state that the manufacture and
use of non- recyclable multi-layered plastic should be phased out in two years. In the
2018 Rules, nonrecyclable multi-layered plastic has been replaced with multi-layered
plastic which is non-recyclable or on energy recoverable or with no alternate use.
➢ National registry has been prescribed for producers with presence in more than two
states.
➢ A state-level registration has been prescribed for smaller producers/brand owners
operating within one or two states.

Plastic Waste Management Amendment Rules, 2021

➢ The manufacture, import, stocking, distribution, sale and use of following single-use
plastic, including polystyrene and expanded polystyrene, commodities shall be
prohibited with effect from the 1st July, 2022:-
 ➢ ear buds with plastic sticks, plastic sticks for balloons, plastic flags, candy sticks, ice-
cream sticks, polystyrene [Thermocol] for decoration;plates, cups, glasses, cutlery such
as forks, spoons, knives, straw, trays, wrapping or packing films around sweet boxes,
invitation cards, and cigarette packets, plastic or PVC banners less than 100 micron,
stirrers.
➢ With effect from 30th September, 2021, the thickness of plastic carry bags has been
increased from 50 microns to 75 microns and to 120 microns with effect from the 31st
December, 2022.
➢ EPR have been given legal force through Plastic Waste Management Amendment
Rules, 2021.
➢ The waste management infrastructure is being strengthened through the Swachh
Bharat Mission.
➢ India Plastic Challenge-Hackathon 2021 for Higher Educational Institutions’ students
and Startups

PLASTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT AMENDMENT RULES 2022

New Classification for plastic packaging :

• The Plastic Waste Management (Amendment) Rules, 2022 seek to classify plastic in four
primary categories as shown below:
• Category 1 will entail rigid plastic packaging :
Category 2:
shall entail flexible plastic packaging of an individual layer or multilayer (comprising different
types of plastics, plastic covers & sheets made of plastic sheet, plastic sachet, carry bags.

Category 3 : shall include Multi-layered plastic packaging (comprising one layer of plastic and
one layer of non-plastic)
Category 4 :shall include plastic sheets for carrying bags and packaging produced from
compostable plastics.

➢ Reuse of rigid plastic packaging material has been mandated

➢ (EPR) targets for the PIBOs (Producer, Importer and Brand owners ) shall be determined
category-wise .
➢ Mandating PIBOs to share the detail of recycling certificates
➢ In a significant first, the guidelines allow for sale and purchase of surplus extended
producer responsibility certificates.
➢ Unfulfilled EPR directions for a given year shall be carried forward to the subsequent
year for the duration of three years.
➢ Annual return filing by SPCBs or PCCs
➢ Environmental Compensation shall be levied as per the Polluter Pays Principle
PLASTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT AMENDMENT RULES 2024

• Defines biodegradable plastics as not only capable of “...degradation by biological

processes in specific environment such as soil, landfill...” but also as materials that do
not leave “any microplastics...”
• The amendment provides that the manufacture of carry bags and commodities shall be
permitted to be made from compostable plastics or biodegradable plastics.
• Manufacturers of commodities made from compostable or biodegradable plastics must
report the quantity introduced in the market and pre-consumer waste generated to the
CPCB.
• Recycled plastic packaging or commodities must bear a label indicating the percentage
of recycled plastic used, following specified rules.
• Plastic packaging or commodities made from compostable plastics must bear a label
stating suitability for industrial composting, conforming to the Indian Standard: IS/ISO
17088:2021.
• Changes have been made regarding the submission dates for annual reports.
• EPR categories previously included rigid plastic, flexible plastic, multilayer plastic
packaging, and compostable plastics. A new category, Category 5, has been added for
biodegradable plastics in plastic packaging.
• These amendments aim to streamline plastic waste management practices and ensure
environmental sustainability.

Adoption of ‘Circular Economy’

➢ A circular economy aims to eliminate waste, not just fromrecycling processes, but
throughout the lifecycles of products and packaging.
➢ A circular economy aims to maximize value and eliminatewaste by improving the design of
materials, products and business models.
➢ A circular economy goes beyond recycling. The goal is not just to design for better end-of-
life recovery, but to minimize the use of raw materials and energy through a restorative
system.
Micro plastics

➢ Microplastics are defined as any solid plastic particle insoluble in water, with dimensions
between 1 µm and 1,000 µm (1 µm is one-thousandth of a millimetre).
➢ Microplastics are either manufactured — for instance, microbeads that are used in
cosmetics and beauty products — or they are formed when larger pieces of plastic
break down.
➢ The small, shiny particles advertised as ―cooling crystal in certain toothpastes qualify
as microplastics if the ingredients of the toothpaste mention ―polyethylene.
➢ Even so, manufactured microbeads are not a major contributor to microplastic
pollution. One of the main contributors to this pollution, instead, is plastic waste, 90%
 of which is not recycled. Plastic bottles, bags, fishing nets, and food packaging are some
examples
➢ The ingestion of microplastics is dangerous for humans as these substances contain
high concentrations of toxic chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls.
➢ Microplastics are estimated to constitute up to 30% of marine litter polluting the
oceans as per IUCN 2017 report
➢ Average human ends up consuming at least 50,000 particles of microplastics in food
every year

SINGLE USE PLASTIC

➢ Prime Minister made a dramatic announcement on August 15, 2019, that India would
eliminate single-use plastics by 2022.
➢ SUPs refers to plastics which are used just once, as in disposable packaging and also in
items such as plates, cutlery, straws etc.
➢ A FICCI study estimates that 43 per cent of India‘s plastics are used in packaging and
much of it is single-use plastic.