Transes in RPH - Morals and Values
- Builds better citizenship
History
- Learn from the past
- Study of past events
- Whole series of past events connected with - Personal growth and appreciation
someone or something
Develop skills through studying History
- Academic discipline that uses narrative to
- Reading and Writing
describe, examine, question, and analyze
past events, and investigate their patterns - - Craft your own opinion
of cause and effect
- Decision-making
- Greek: historia – inquiry: knowledge
- How to do research
aquired by investigation
- Qualitative and quantitative analysis
- Umbrella term relating to past events as
well as the memory, discovery, collection, Historical Methods
organization, presentation, and Limitations of Historical Knowledge
interpretation of information about these
- Tell history based on their understanding as
events.
a credible part of the record.
Prehistory (incompleteness of the object of the
- Events occurring before the invention of historian’s study)
writing systems - Historian is influenced by his environment,
Main Purpose of History ideology, education, and influence. His
interpretation is affected by his context
- Study continuity and change over time
and circumstance.
Functions of History
Historiography
- Explain the causes and consequences of
- Imaginative reconstruction of the past
events
from the data derived
- Understanding past and present
- History of history
- How people and society changed,
- Study of how history was written, who
developed, and how past shaped the future
wrote it, and why it was written
History allows you to comprehend
- How historians have presented history
- Our World
Historical Analysis
- Society and People
1. Select the subject to investigate
- Identity
2. Collect probable souces of information
- Present day issues
3. Examine the genuineness of the sources
- Process of change overtime
4. Extract credible “particulars”from the
You learn a clear lesson on: sources
- Political Intelligence Sources of Historical Data
Artifacts Primary Source
- Relics or remains (offer clue about the - Direct
past)
- Produced and created in the same period
- Testimonies of witness to the past (written as the historical subject being studied
/ oral)
- Materials produced by people or groups
Written Sources directly involved in the event or topic
being studied.
- Narrative or Literature
- Eyewitnesses of the events
- Diplomatic Sources
- Text (letters, diaries, government reports,
- Social Documents
newspaper accounts)
Narrative Literature
- Image (photographs, paintings,
- Presented in narrative form to impart a advertisements, posters)
message
- Artifacts (buildings, clothing, sculpture,
Diplomatic Sources
coins)
- Document / record an existing legal
- Audio-Visual (songs, oral history,
sutuations
interviews, films)
- Purest / best source
- Autobiography, memoirs, eyewitness,
Social Documents accounts, diary, fossils, relics, letters,
photographs, speeches, videos, legal
- Info pertaining to economic, social,
documents, ornaments, clothing, tools
political or judicial significance.
Secondary Source
- Records kept by bureaucracies
- Written and produced through the use of
Non-written sources
primary sources
- Material evidence
- Testimony of anyone who is not an
- Oral evidence eyewitness of the event which he/she tells
Material evidence - Biography, encylopedia, textbooks. Thesis,
- Archaeological ecidence dissertation, news reports, movies, news
articles, scholarly journals, transcriptions,
Oral evidence almanacs, dictionaries
- Told by tales or sagas of an angel people Historical Criticism
and folk song
- Historical-critical method
- Interviews are major form of oral evidence
in modern / present age - Investigates the origin of text or source to
understand the word behind the text
General Types of Historical Sources
- Examines the origins of earliest text to
- Primary Source appreciate the underlying circumstances
- Secondary Source
- 17th century during the Protestant the probability of the statements to
Reformation. And gained popularity during be true.
the 19th and 20th century
o Internal criticism or higher criticism
- Happened due to the absence of historical
Types of Historical Data
investigation
-
Important Goals of Historical Criticism
External Criticism
1. Discover the original meaning of the text in
the historical context and its literal sense - Experimental science to certify the
(sensus literalis historicus) authenticity of the material that holds the
data
2. Establish a reconstruction of historical
situation of the author and the recipients - Physical and technical tests as the dating
of the text. of paper when a document is written
Methodologies - Knowledge of when a certain thing existed
- Source Criticism – analyzes the sources - Looks for the obvious sgn of forgery or
used by biblical authors misrepresentation
- Form Criticism – determine a unit original - Writing styles of the eyewitness and his
form and historical context of the literary ignorance of the facts
tradition
- Analyzes the manuscript, integrity,
- Redaction Criticism – regards the author as localization, and the date it was written
editor of the source materials
Internal Criticism
- Tradition criticism – attempt to trace the
- Data itself to determine the truth-facts and
developmental stages of the oral tradition
reasonable interpretation
from its historical emergence to its literary
presentation - Looking at the author’s possible motives
- Canonical Criticism - focused on the - Indicates the accuracy, trustworthiness,
interpretation of the Bible and related and intergrity of the materials to which
methodologies historical data will be based
Parts of Historical Criticism - Accuracy of the content of a document
- Provenance of a Source - Investigates the content or substance of a
document and the author’s POV
o Determining the authenticity
- Tests the credibility of the source
o Critic examines the origin, author,
and sources of the information used Test of Authenticity
o External criticism is used in 1. Determine the date of the document to
determining these facts see whether it is Anachronistic
2. Determine the author’s handwriting,
- Weighing the testimony to the truth
signature or seal
o Examining the trustworthiness of
the testimonies as well as determine
3. Look for the anachronistic style. - Pambansang Komisyong Pangkasaysayan
Examine the idiomatic expression or ng Pilipinas
orthography used.
- Pambansang Museo ng Pilipinas
4. Anachronustic reference to events
5. Provenance or custody of the Content
document
- Actual words or information being
Anachronism conveyed
- Out of time or order - Meat of the message
Orthography Context
- Type of writing such as the specific use of - Circumstances or situation surrounding
words, spelling of words the communication that affects the
meaning or interpretation
Provenance
6 Cs in Analyzing the source
- Place of origin or earliest known history of
documents - Content – identify the main idea
Semantics - Citation – identify the creator of the
- Linguistic study of meaning document and the time it is created
- Determines the meaning of the text and - Communication – biases of the authr to
words of the source examine his/her POV
Hermaneutics - Context – to know what is going on when
the document is created
- More than interpretation
- Connections – connection of the primary
- Used when immediate comprehension fails source to the information you already
Test of Credibility know
1. Identification of the author - Conclusions – determine the contributions
2. Credibility of the eyewitness to determine of the primary source to our understanding
the approximate date of history
3. Test of credibility by its ability to tell the Function of the 6Cs
truth. Looking at the background of the
author and the degree of the attention of - Strengthens our understanding of the
the eyewitness formation of early Philippine society.
4. Willingness to tell the truth. If forced=not 3 Aspects of Analyzing Primary Sources
valid
5. Look for corroboration. Testimony of two - Content and contextual analysis of
or more reliable sources. selected primary sources
Repositories of Primary Sources - Historical Importance of text in
understanding Philippine History
- National Archives of the Philippines
- Examining the author’s main argument and
- Pambansang Aklatan ng Pilipinas point of view.
