End Semester Examination: Autumn Session (2023-24)

Subject Name: Physics

Time: 3 hours
Subject Code: PH1L001
Full Marks: 80
Date: 24.11.2023

question together.
Answer eight out of tenquestions. Answer all partsof a given
(b) Why are high frequency lasers
1. (a) Mathematically show that two level lasers are not possible.
difficult tomake? Givethe mathematical and Physical explanation. 5+5=10

Aparticle
2. The orbit equation for central force problem is given as
are constants and u is the reduced
moves in a logarithmicspiral orbit given by r =ke,where, k, a
mass.
than gravitational force?
(a) Find the force law for the particle. Is the force stronger or weaker
(b) Determine r(t) and (t).Analyse your result.
(c) Find the total energy of the orbit. What do you conclude? 4+4+2=10

depicted in Fig. 1, exhibit simple

3. (a) By calculating the total energy show that all the systems, mass m (or 2m) from its
harmonic motion (SHM) when a small displacement is given to the
spring constant).
equilibrium position, and estimate the angular frequency of oscillations (k is

m 2k
m
2m

Fig.1 Fig.2
from each other. In the middle of the line
(b) Two positive charges +Q are seated a distance R placed. The test charge is
connecting the two charges, a small test charge tqwith mass m is charges +Q.
displaced (consider small displacement) along the line connecting the two
the form E=aí +ßu where
(i)Show that the total energy of the system can be expressed in respectively.
u and çare generalized coordinates and generalized velocity, +q.
charge
(iü) Calculate the angular frequency of oscillation of the test (3+2)+(3+2)=10

to a disipative force F=-myv,

4. (a) Amass-spring system (as shown in Fig.2) is subjected
where y isthe damping coefficient and V is the velocity of the mass.
(i) Write down the equation of motion.
time (consider the
(ii)Show that the average energy of the system decays exponentially with
underdamp situation, and take thesolution of x(t)=esin(o,t) where V is the velocity

and @,=@01 is the modified frequency).

4w
(b) Now an external force F=F,cos wt) is applied to the same system.
 ()Write down the equation of motion of the system. transient state of oscillation (derivation is not
position x() inthe
()write down the instantancous
needed).
leads to beat fomation for samll y.
(1) Show that at early time the system (1+3)+(2+2+2)=10

by a massless springs and placed on a horizontal

5. As illustrated in Fig.3, two masses arre connectedconnecting their centers is considered.
frictionless surface. Only motion along the line
a given point in time.
(a) Write down the equation of motion for each mass at coordinates.
(b) Calculate the normal mode frequencies as wellas normal 4+(3+3)=10

other, as
springs with spring constants 2k and k are hanging from siling one below the
b. (a) Iwo
spring has a mass m, which is uniformly distributed over its length L, and
Shown in Fig. 4. The upper
2m is attached to the lower spring (massless). Calculate the normal mode frequenCies of
a mass of
andconsider velocity of the springs is varying
the system (we may neglect the effect of gravity
linearly with its length).
suspended one below the other to form a double pendulum, see Fig. 5. If
(b)Two pendulums are
frequencies of the two normal modes for small
mj=m,=m and LFL=L, then show that the
oscillations are given by o=(2+V2).
L
6+4-10

m 2k
k mË
2m
m k
m2
2m
Fig. 3
Fig. 4 Fig. 5
 7. Let A and B be two operators satisfying [A, B] =ih, with i =v-1.
(a) (5 points) Expand (A + B) (A- B) and (A - B) (A + B). Find their difference.
(b) (2+3 points) Compute [4 + B,A - B] and |4', B.
by the orthonormal set of eigenstates, {|0). |1), (2)}
O. ConsIder a quantum mechanical system described at t= 0be
With energy eigenvalues {0, 1,2} respectively. Let the state of the system
) = |1) + |2).
(a) (2 points) Normalise the state |).
in state1) at time t=0 ?
(b) (3 points) What is the probability that the system is
operator |0) (1| in the time evolved state, |b(t)).
(c) (5 points) Find the expectation value of the
9. A quantum mechanical particle evolves under the Hamiltonian

H=
i=i.
l1+i
hermitian.
(a) (2 points) Show that this Hamiltonian is
(b) (5points) Find its eigenvalues and eigenstates.
t.
=0 the state of the system is find the state at some arbitrary time
(c) (3 points) If at t
potential of width
particle of mass m in an infinite square-well
10. The orthonormal set of eigenstates for a
ais given by the wavefunctions
2
n(z) = /sin ); nE{1, 2, 3, . - }.

The eigenvalue of the nth eigenstate is given by,

En = 2ma2 nE {1,2, 3, }.
by
Let the wavefunction of this particle at time t = 0 be given
3
1
sin
p(z, 0) = 3
n=1,3,5,-..

Note that n is summed over the set of odd integers.

(a) (5 points) Find b(z, t).
eigenstates at some
(b) (2+3 points) Find the probabilities for the particle to be in the 4th and 5th
time t.