CHAPTER TEST 1: REVIEW PACKAGE
BIOLOGY
1. Which scientist’s experiment first suggested that DNA carries genetic
information? a) Gregor Mendel
b) Frederick Griffith
c) Rosalind Franklin
d) James Watson
2. What was the significance of Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty’s experiment?
a) It proved proteins are the hereditary material
b) It identified DNA as the transforming principle
c) It showed that RNA causes mutations
d) It confirmed viruses do not carry genetic material
3. What radioactive isotope was used to label proteins in the Hershey-Chase
experiment?
a) Carbon-14
b) Sulfur-35
c) Phosphorus-32
d) Nitrogen-15
4. What conclusion was drawn from the Hershey-Chase experiment?
a) DNA is the genetic material, not proteins
b) Bacteriophages do not carry genetic information
c) Proteins play no role in genetics
d) DNA cannot be transferred between organisms
5. Which experiment first demonstrated the process of transformation in bacteria?
a) Hershey-Chase experiment
b) Meselson-Stahl experiment
c) Griffith’s experiment
d) Watson-Crick experiment
6. Who used X-ray crystallography to provide evidence for the structure of DNA?
a) James Watson
b) Rosalind Franklin
c) Erwin Chargaff
d) Francis Crick
7. Which nitrogenous base is found in DNA but not in RNA?
a) Adenine
b) Cytosine
c) Thymine
d) Uracil
8. What type of bonds connect the complementary base pairs in DNA?
a) Covalent bonds
b) Hydrogen bonds
c) Ionic bonds
d) Peptide bonds
9. The sugar component of RNA is:
a) Deoxyribose
b) Ribose
c) Glucose
d) Sucrose
10. What structural feature makes DNA antiparallel?
a) The strands run in opposite 5’ to 3’ directions
b) One strand is made of proteins while the other is made of lipids
c) The two strands coil around different axes
d) DNA contains both deoxyribose and ribose
11. What is the fundamental repeating unit of chromatin?
a) Nucleosome
b) Chromatid
c) Centromere
d) Telomere
12. What type of chromatin is loosely packed and transcriptionally active?
a) Euchromatin
b) Heterochromatin
c) Centromere
d) Nucleosome
13. Which protein helps in the packaging of DNA into chromosomes?
a) Polymerase
b) Histones
c) Helicase
d) Ligase
14. The ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes are protected by:
a) Telomeres
b) Centromeres
c) Histones
d) Nucleotides
15. What is the function of the centromere?
a) It initiates DNA replication
b) It connects sister chromatids
c) It prevents mutation
d) It codes for proteins
16. Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix?
a) DNA polymerase
b) Ligase
c) Helicase
d) Primase
17. What is the primary function of DNA polymerase?
a) Synthesizing RNA primers
b) Joining Okazaki fragments
c) Adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand
d) Breaking hydrogen bonds between bases
18. The lagging strand is synthesized in short fragments known as:
a) Replication forks
b) Okazaki fragments
c) Nucleosomes
d) Ribosomes
19. What is the role of primase in DNA replication?
a) It adds new DNA nucleotides
b) It seals gaps between fragments
c) It synthesizes an RNA primer
d) It unwinds the DNA helix
20. DNA ligase is responsible for:
a) Sealing nicks between Okazaki fragments
b) Unwinding the DNA helix
c) Synthesizing RNA primers
d) Breaking hydrogen bonds between bases
21. What is the main goal of transcription?
a) Move DNA outside the nucleus
b) Generate a complementary RNA strand from DNA
c) Synthesize proteins from amino acids
d) Convert RNA back into DNA
22. In eukaryotic cells, where does transcription take place?
a) Mitochondria
b) Ribosomes
c) Nucleus
d) Cytoplasm
23. What enzyme is responsible for RNA synthesis from a DNA template?
a) Ligase
b) RNA polymerase
c) DNA polymerase
d) Topoisomerase
24. What is the role of the promoter in transcription?
a) Translates RNA into protein
b) Signals RNA polymerase where to begin
c) Joins exons together
d) Stops transcription
25. The strand of DNA that serves as a template for RNA synthesis is called:
a) Complementary strand
b) Coding strand
c) Template strand
d) Leading strand
26. Which nucleotides are found in RNA?
a) A, U, C, G
b) A, T, C, G
c) C, G, T, U
d) A, T, G, U
27. In RNA, which base pairs with adenine from DNA?
a) Uracil
b) Cytosine
c) Thymine
d) Guanine
28. RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA in which direction?
a) 5' to 3'
b) Randomly
c) 3' to 5'
d) Both directions
29. During the initiation phase of transcription:
a) RNA polymerase binds to the promoter
b) Ribosomes attach to mRNA
c) Proteins are synthesized
d) DNA undergoes replication
30. What indicates the end of transcription?
a) Addition of amino acids
b) Terminator sequence
c) Presence of ribosomes
d) Start codon
31. What happens during transcription elongation?
a) RNA nucleotides are added to the growing strand
b) Neither a nor b
c) DNA unwinds
d) Both a and b
32. Which of the following is not a step in prokaryotic transcription?
a) 5' capping
b) Polyadenylation
c) Splicing
d) All of the above
33. The 5' cap in mRNA processing helps:
a) Ribosome binding
b) Prevent degradation
c) Splicing of RNA
d) Both b and c
34. What is removed from pre-mRNA during splicing?
a) Ribosomes
b) Introns
c) Exons
d) Codons
35. Which cellular structure carries out RNA splicing?
a) Spliceosome
b) Ribosome
c) Golgi apparatus
d) RNA polymerase
36. What is the purpose of the poly-A tail?
a) Prevents degradation
b) Helps translation
c) Aids in nuclear export
d) All of the above
37. A mutation in the promoter region of a gene may:
a) Prevent transcription initiation
b) Cause RNA polymerase to produce proteins
c) Halt DNA replication
d) Delete the gene from DNA
38. What happens to introns after splicing?
a) Are degraded
b) Are translated
c) Stay in mRNA
d) Become proteins
39. In which type of organism does post-transcriptional modification occur?
a) Only prokaryotes
b) Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
c) Only eukaryotes
d) Neither
40. What is an operon?
a) A ribosomal subunit
b) A DNA region in eukaryotes
c) A set of genes transcribed together in prokaryotes
d) An enzyme that synthesizes RNA
41. What type of RNA carries genetic instructions from DNA to ribosomes?
a) mRNA
b) tRNA
c) snRNA
d) rRNA
42. After transcription in eukaryotes, where does mRNA go?
a) Moves to the cytoplasm
b) Remains in the nucleus
c) Translates immediately in the nucleus
d) Is degraded instantly
43. How does transcription differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
a) Eukaryotic mRNA undergoes modifications
b) Prokaryotic transcription happens in the cytoplasm
c) Only eukaryotes use transcription factors
d) All of the above
44. What molecule binds to the promoter to begin transcription?
a) Ribosome
b) RNA polymerase
c) DNA polymerase
d) Helicase
45. What do transcription factors do in eukaryotic transcription?
a) Assist RNA polymerase binding
b) Control tRNA activity
c) Regulate DNA replication
d) Help in mRNA translation
Here are the correct answers:
1. b) Frederick Griffith
2. b) It identified DNA as the transforming principle
3. b) Sulfur-35
4. a) DNA is the genetic material, not proteins
5. c) Griffith’s experiment
6. b) Rosalind Franklin
7. c) Thymine
8. b) Hydrogen bonds
9. b) Ribose
10. a) The strands run in opposite 5’ to 3’ directions
11. a) Nucleosome
12. a) Euchromatin
13. b) Histones
14. a) Telomeres
15. b) It connects sister chromatids
16. c) Helicase
17. c) Adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand
18. b) Okazaki fragments
19. c) It synthesizes an RNA primer
20. a) Sealing nicks between Okazaki fragments
21. b) Generate a complementary RNA strand from DNA
22. c) Nucleus
23. b) RNA polymerase
24. b) Signals RNA polymerase where to begin
25. c) Template strand
26. a) A, U, C, G
27. a) Uracil
28. a) 5' to 3'
29. a) RNA polymerase binds to the promoter
30. b) Terminator sequence
31. d) Both a and b
32. d) All of the above
33. d) Both b and c
34. b) Introns
35. a) Spliceosome
36. d) All of the above
37. a) Prevent transcription initiation
38. a) Are degraded
39. c) Only eukaryotes
40. c) A set of genes transcribed together in prokaryotes
41. a) mRNA
42. a) Moves to the cytoplasm
43. d) All of the above
44. b) RNA polymerase
45. a) Assist RNA polymerase binding
