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Introduction

Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that leads to significant difficulties in learning and academic skills, often resulting in emotional disturbances and behavioral problems. It includes impairments in reading (dyslexia), written expression (dysgraphia), and mathematics (dyscalculia), each characterized by specific symptoms persisting despite interventions. The document outlines the diagnostic criteria and specific impairments associated with SLD.

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16 views1 page

Introduction

Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that leads to significant difficulties in learning and academic skills, often resulting in emotional disturbances and behavioral problems. It includes impairments in reading (dyslexia), written expression (dysgraphia), and mathematics (dyscalculia), each characterized by specific symptoms persisting despite interventions. The document outlines the diagnostic criteria and specific impairments associated with SLD.

Uploaded by

maxtraenterprises
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Introduction:

Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in


perceiving and processing verbal and non-verbal information. It is usually accompanied by impaired
academic skills leading to school dropout and emotional disturbances, resulting in significant distress
and behavioural problems.

SLD is characterized by the following diagnostic criteria: difficulties in learning and academic skills, as
indicated by the presence of at least one of the following symptoms, that have persisted for at least 6
months despite the provision of interventions targeting those difficulties:

(1) inaccurate or slow and effortful word reading;

(2) difficulty in the comprehension of the meaning of what is read;

(3) difficulties with spelling;

(4) difficulties with written expression;

(5) difficulties mastering number sense, number facts, or calculation;

(6) difficulties with mathematical reasoning.

Specific impairments included in SLDs are the following:

(1) Impairment in reading: This includes difficulties in word reading accuracy, reading rate or fluency,
and reading comprehension. The term “dyslexia” is used to describe a pattern of learning difficulties
where individuals struggle with accurate or fluent word recognition, have poor decoding and spelling
abilities but exhibit normal IQ, receive appropriate teaching and environmental support, do not have
sensory deficits, and show relative resistance to treatment .

(2)Impairment in written expression: SLDs related to impaired written expression are categorized into
two groups: one involving difficulties with spelling accuracy, punctuation accuracy, and grammar
accuracy, and the other involving difficulties with organization or clarity of written expression . The
term “dysgraphia” is used to describe a pattern of difficulties where individuals exhibit distorted
writing despite receiving thorough instruction.

(3)Impairment in mathematics: This encompasses difficulties in number sense, memorization of


arithmetic facts, accurate or fluent calculation, and mathematical reasoning. The term “dyscalculia”
is used to describe a pattern of difficulties characterized by deficits in processing numerical
information, learning arithmetic facts, and performing accurate or fluent calculations.

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